BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:icalendar-ruby CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-jesus-christ-q302 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00060101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00330402 DESCRIPTION:Jesus\, also known as Jesus Christ\, Jesus of Nazareth\, and by various other names and titles\, was an itinerant Jewish preacher and cha rismatic religious leader active in the Roman province of Judaea during th e 1st-century. He is the central figure of Christianity\, the world's larg est religion. Most branches of Christianity consider Jesus the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah or Christ. Accounts of Jesus's lif e are contained in the Gospels\, especially the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament. Since the Enlightenment\, academic research has produce d various views on the historical reliability of the Gospels and the exten t to which they reflect the historical Jesus\, but virtually all modern sc holars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically.\n\n7 BC – Apr il 1\, 33\; died at about 39.\nAlive at the same time as Augustus\, Ovid\, Seneca\, Paul the Apostle\, and Caligula.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Jesus SUMMARY:Jesus Christ · 7 BC–33 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-barack-obama-q76 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19610804 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Barack Hussein Obama II is an American retired politician who s erved as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A memb er of the Democratic Party\, he was the first African American to serve as president. Obama represented Illinois in the United States Senate from 20 05 to 2008 and served as an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004.\n\nB orn August 4\, 1961\; 65 today.\nAlive at the same time as Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstrong\, Gabriel García Márquez\, and Stephen Ha wking.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama SUMMARY:Barack Obama · born 1961 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-william-shakespeare-q692 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15640503 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16160504 DESCRIPTION:William Shakespeare was an English playwright\, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national p oet and the "Bard of Avon" or simply "the Bard". His extant works\, includ ing collaborations\, consist of some 39 plays\, 154 sonnets\, 3 long narra tive poems and a few other verses\, some of uncertain authorship. His play s have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare remains arguabl y the most influential writer in the English language\, and his works cont inue to be studied and reinterpreted.\n\nMay 3\, 1564 – May 3\, 1616\; d ied at 51.\nAlive at the same time as René Descartes\, Elizabeth I of Eng land\, Johannes Kepler\, Peter Paul Rubens\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Pal estrina.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare SUMMARY:William Shakespeare · 1564–1616 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-donald-trump-q22686 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19460614 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Donald John Trump is an American politician\, media personality \, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A membe r of the Republican Party\, he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2 021.\n\nBorn June 14\, 1946\; 80 today.\nAlive at the same time as Pablo P icasso\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstrong\, Gabriel García Márquez\, and St ephen Hawking.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump SUMMARY:Donald Trump · born 1946 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-adolf-hitler-q352 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18890420 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19450501 DESCRIPTION:Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician who was dic tator of Germany in the Nazi era from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He r ose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party\, becoming the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 under his leadersh ip marked the outbreak of the Second World War. Throughout the ensuing con flict\, Hitler was closely involved in the direction of German military op erations and was central to the perpetration of the genocide of about six million Jews in the Holocaust as well as the deaths of millions of other v ictims.\n\nApril 20\, 1889 – April 30\, 1945\; died at 56.\nAlive at the same time as Albert Einstein\, Leo Tolstoy\, Pablo Picasso\, Friedrich Ni etzsche\, and Neil Armstrong.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitle r SUMMARY:Adolf Hitler · 1889–1945 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-albert-einstein-q937 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18790314 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19550419 DESCRIPTION:Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist best kn own for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum theory. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2\, which arises from special relativity\, has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for "h is services to theoretical physics\, and especially for his discovery of t he law of the photoelectric effect".\n\nMarch 14\, 1879 – April 18\, 195 5\; died at 76.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Leo Tolstoy\, Vi ncent van Gogh\, Friedrich Nietzsche\, and Pope Francis.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein SUMMARY:Albert Einstein · 1879–1955 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-aristotle-q868 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03830101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03210303 DESCRIPTION:Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His wr itings span the natural sciences\, philosophy\, linguistics\, economics\, politics\, psychology\, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic sc hool of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens\, he began the wider Aristoteli an tradition that followed\, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.\n\n384 BC – March 2\, 322 BC\; died at about 62.\nAli ve at the same time as Alexander the Great\, Hippocrates\, Chanakya\, Apel les\, and Plato.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle SUMMARY:Aristotle · 384–322 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-vladimir-putin-q7747 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19521007 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012\, h aving previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as Prime Mini ster of Russia from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2008 to 2012. He has been described as the de facto leader of Russia since 1999.\n\nBorn October 7\, 1952\; 74 today.\nAlive at the same time as Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\ , Neil Armstrong\, Gabriel García Márquez\, and Stephen Hawking.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin SUMMARY:Vladimir Putin · born 1952 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-confucius-q4604 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05511003 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04780305 DESCRIPTION:Confucius\, born Kong Qiu\, was a Chinese philosopher of the Sp ring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chin ese sages. Much of the shared cultural heritage of the Sinosphere originat es in the philosophy and teachings of Confucius. His philosophical teachin gs\, called Confucianism\, emphasized personal and governmental morality\, harmonious social relationships\, righteousness\, kindness\, sincerity\, and a ruler's responsibilities to lead by virtue.\n\nOctober 3\, 552 BC – March 4\, 479 BC\; died at 72.\nAlive at the same time as The Buddha\, Sophocles\, Sun Tzu\, Pythagoras\, and Aeschylus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Confucius SUMMARY:Confucius · 552–479 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-karl-marx-q9061 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18180505 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18830315 DESCRIPTION:Karl Marx was a German philosopher\, social and political theor ist\, and revolutionary socialist. He developed the theory of historical m aterialism\, analysing societal structure and change\, particularly class struggle under capitalism\, and predicting the system's ultimate replaceme nt by communism. Marx co-authored The Communist Manifesto (1848) with Frie drich Engels\, and undertook a critique of classical political economy in his magnum opus\, Das Kapital (1867–1894). His ideas and their later dev elopment\, collectively known as Marxism\, have had enormous influence on intellectual\, political\, and social history\, and have inspired revoluti onary movements in many countries.\n\nMay 5\, 1818 – March 14\, 1883\; d ied at 64.\nAlive at the same time as Abraham Lincoln\, Leo Tolstoy\, Char les Darwin\, Vincent van Gogh\, and Frédéric Chopin.\n\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx SUMMARY:Karl Marx · 1818–1883 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-leonardo-da-vinci-q762 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14520424 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15200101 DESCRIPTION:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the H igh Renaissance who was active as a painter\, draughtsman\, engineer\, sci entist\, theorist\, sculptor\, and architect. While his fame initially res ted on his achievements as a painter\, he has also become known for his no tebooks\, in which he made drawings and notes on a variety of subjects\, i ncluding anatomy\, astronomy\, botany\, cartography\, painting\, and palae ontology. Leonardo is widely regarded as a genius who epitomised the Renai ssance humanist ideal\, and his collective works contributed to the develo pment of European art to an extent rivalled only by that of his younger co ntemporary Michelangelo.\n\nApril 24\, 1452 – 1519\; died at about 66.\n Alive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Christopher Colum bus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and François Villon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci SUMMARY:Leonardo da Vinci · 1452–1519 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-ronald-reagan-q9960 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19110206 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20040606 DESCRIPTION:Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who s erved as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A memb er of the Republican Party\, he became an important figure in the American conservative movement. The period encompassing his presidency is known as the Reagan era.\n\nFebruary 6\, 1911 – June 5\, 2004\; died at 93.\nAli ve at the same time as Albert Einstein\, Pablo Picasso\, Franz Kafka\, Pop e Francis\, and Neil Armstrong.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Re agan SUMMARY:Ronald Reagan · 1911–2004 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-isaac-newton-q935 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16430104 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17280101 DESCRIPTION:Sir Isaac Newton was an English polymath who was a mathematicia n\, physicist\, astronomer\, alchemist\, theologian\, historian and invent or. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica\, fi rst published in 1687\, achieved the first great unification in physics an d established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics\, and shares credit with the German mathematician Gottfried Wilh elm Leibniz for formulating infinitesimal calculus\, although he developed calculus years before Leibniz. Newton contributed to and refined the scie ntific method\, and his work is considered the most influential in bringin g forth modern science.\n\nJanuary 4\, 1643 – 1727\; died at about 83.\n Alive at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, Jean-Jacques Rousseau\, Benjamin Franklin\, and Rembrandt.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Isaac_Newton SUMMARY:Isaac Newton · 1643–1727 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-plato-q859 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04280516 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03450101 DESCRIPTION:Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher of Classical Athens who is most commonly considered the foundational thinker of the Western philos ophical tradition. An innovator of the literary dialogue and dialectic for ms\, Plato influenced all the major areas of theoretical philosophy and pr actical philosophy\, and was the founder of the Academy\, a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the collection of philosophical theori es that would later become known as Platonism.\n\nMay 16\, 429 BC – c. 3 50 BC\; died at about 77.\nAlive at the same time as Sophocles\, Hippocrat es\, Thucydides\, Apelles\, and Aristotle.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Plato SUMMARY:Plato · 429–c. 350 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-abraham-lincoln-q91 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18090212 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18650416 DESCRIPTION:Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States\, f rom 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War\, defeating the Confederacy and playing a major ro le in the abolition of slavery.\n\nFebruary 12\, 1809 – April 15\, 1865\ ; died at 56.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Leo Tolstoy\, Charles Darwin\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Vincent van Gogh.\n\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln SUMMARY:Abraham Lincoln · 1809–1865 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-muhammad-q9458 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05710422 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06320612 DESCRIPTION:Muhammad was an Arab religious\, military\, and political leade r\, and the founder of Islam. According to Islam\, he was the final prophe t of God who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam\, Noah\, Abraham\, Moses\, Jesus\, and other prophets in Islam. He is believed by Muslims to be the Seal of the Prophets\, and alo ng with the Quran\, his teachings and normative examples form the basis fo r Islamic religious belief.\n\nApril 22\, 571 – June 11\, 632\; died at 61.\nAlive at the same time as Umar ibn Al-Khattāb\, Brahmagupta\, Pseudo -Dionysius the Areopagite\, Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib\, and Abu Bakr.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad SUMMARY:Muhammad · 571–632 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-napoleon-q517 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17690815 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18220101 DESCRIPTION:Napoleon Bonaparte\, later known by his regnal name Napoleon I \, was Emperor of the French from 18 May 1804 until his first abdication i n 1814\, with a brief restoration during the Hundred Days in 1815. He rose to prominence as a general during the French Revolution and led a series of military campaigns across Europe and the Middle East during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. As a statesman\, he implemented numerou s legal and administrative reforms in France and Europe.\n\nAugust 15\, 17 69 – 1821\; died at about 51.\nAlive at the same time as Charles Darwin\ , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Immanuel Kant\, and Abraham Lincoln.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon SUMMARY:Napoleon · 1769–1821 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-leo-tolstoy-q7243 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18280909 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19101121 DESCRIPTION:Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy\, usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy\, was a Russian writer. He is regarded as one of the great est and most influential authors of all time.\n\nSeptember 9\, 1828 – No vember 20\, 1910\; died at 82.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, A lbert Einstein\, Karl Marx\, Vincent van Gogh\, and Frédéric Chopin.\n\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy SUMMARY:Leo Tolstoy · 1828–1910 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-julius-caesar-q1048 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00990711 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00430314 DESCRIPTION:Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general\, statesman\, and autho r who was the dictator of the Roman Republic almost continuously from 49 B C until his assassination in 44 BC. A member of the First Triumvirate\, he led the Roman armies through the Gallic Wars and defeated his political r ival Pompey in Caesar's civil war. He consolidated power and was titled as dictator perpetuo in 44 BC\, helping create the political conditions that led to the collapse of the Roman Republic and the emergence of the Roman Empire. For his role in these events\, he is regarded as one of history's most influential figures.\n\nJuly 11\, 100 BC – March 13\, 44 BC\; died at 55.\nAlive at the same time as Virgil\, Strabo\, Aglaonike\, Augustus\, and Cicero.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar SUMMARY:Julius Caesar · 100–44 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-charles-darwin-q1035 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18090212 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18820420 DESCRIPTION:Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist\, geologist\, a nd biologist\, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species have descended from a common ancestor is now accepted and considered a fundamental scientific concept. In a joint presentation with Alfred Russel Wallace\, he proposed that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process he called natural selection\, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificia l selection involved in selective breeding. Darwin has been described as o ne of the most influential figures in human history and was honoured by bu rial in Westminster Abbey.\n\nFebruary 12\, 1809 – April 19\, 1882\; die d at 73.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Leo Tols toy\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Vincent van Gogh.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Charles_Darwin SUMMARY:Charles Darwin · 1809–1882 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-joseph-stalin-q855 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18781218 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19530306 DESCRIPTION:Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was a Soviet politician and revolu tionary who ruled the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953\, hol ding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and the nation's Premier from 1941 to 1953. Initia lly presiding over an oligarchic one-party system that governed by plurali ty\, he ultimately became the de facto dictator of the Soviet Union by the 1930s. Ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism\ , Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism–Leninism\, while his own policies became known as Stalinism.\n\nDecember 18\, 1878 – March 5 \, 1953\; died at 74.\nAlive at the same time as Albert Einstein\, Leo Tol stoy\, Vincent van Gogh\, Friedrich Nietzsche\, and Pope Francis.\n\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin SUMMARY:Joseph Stalin · 1878–1953 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-johann-wolfgang-von-goethe-q5879 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17490822 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18320323 DESCRIPTION:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work h as had a wide-ranging influence on literary\, political\, Christian views\ , and philosophical thought in the Western world from the late 18th centur y to the present. A poet\, playwright\, novelist\, scientist\, statesman\, theatre-director\, and critic\, Goethe wrote a wide range of works\, incl uding plays\, poetry and aesthetic criticism\, as well as treatises on bot any\, anatomy\, and colour.\n\nAugust 22\, 1749 – March 22\, 1832\; died at 82.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Charles D arwin\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Napoleon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe SUMMARY:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe · 1749–1832 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-socrates-q913 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04690101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03980601 DESCRIPTION:Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher from Classical Athens \, perhaps the first Western moral philosopher\, and a major inspiration o n his student Plato\, who largely founded the tradition of Western philoso phy. An enigmatic figure\, Socrates authored no texts and is known mainly through the posthumous accounts of classical writers\, particularly his st udents Plato and Xenophon. These accounts are written as dialogues\, in wh ich Socrates and his interlocutors examine a subject in the style of quest ion and answer\; they gave rise to the Socratic dialogue literary genre. C ontradictory accounts of Socrates make a reconstruction of his philosophy nearly impossible\, a situation known as the Socratic problem. Socrates wa s a polarizing figure in Athenian society. In 399 BC\, he was accused of impiety and corrupting the youth. After a trial that lasted a day\, he was sentenced to death. As related by Plato\, he was put to death by administ ration of poison after refusing offers from allies to help him escape.\n\n 470 BC – 399 BC\; died at about 71.\nAlive at the same time as The Buddh a\, Sophocles\, Hippocrates\, Thucydides\, and Plato.\n\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Socrates SUMMARY:Socrates · 470–399 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-the-buddha-q9441 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05620402 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04500101 DESCRIPTION:Siddhartha Gautama\, most commonly referred to as the Buddha\, was a wandering religious teacher who lived in the eastern Indo-Gangetic P lains during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. According t o Buddhist legends\, he was born in Lumbini\, in what is now Nepal\, to ro yal parents of the Shakya clan\, but renounced his home life to live as a wandering ascetic. After leading a life of mendicancy\, asceticism\, and m editation\, he attained nirvana at Bodh Gaya in what is now Bihar\, India. The Buddha then wandered through the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain\, teaching and building a monastic order (sangha). Buddhist tradition holds he died in Kushinagar and reached parinirvana.\n\nApril 2\, 563 BC – c. 500 BC\; died at about 61.\nAlive at the same time as Confucius\, Sophocles\, Sun Tzu\, Socrates\, and Pythagoras.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Budd ha SUMMARY:The Buddha · 563–c. 500 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-george-washington-q23 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17320222 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17991215 DESCRIPTION:George Washington was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States\, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Con tinental Army\, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American R evolutionary War against the British Empire. He is commonly known as the F ather of His Country for his role in bringing about American independence. \n\nFebruary 22\, 1732 – December 14\, 1799\; died at 67.\nAlive at the same time as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Immanuel Kant\, Carl Linnaeus\, and Napoleon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geor ge_Washington SUMMARY:George Washington · 1732–1799 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-ludwig-van-beethoven-q255 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17701216 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18270327 DESCRIPTION:Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer\, conductor\, and pi anist. Regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music\, he was mentored during the Classical period\, and his musical sty le was a key driver of the transition to Romantic music\, and the expansio n of instrumental forms such as the symphony\, the piano sonata and the st ring quartet. His compositions have attracted extraordinary casual and sch olarly interest\, and remain among the most performed in the world.\n\nDec ember 16\, 1770 – March 26\, 1827\; died at 56.\nAlive at the same time as Abraham Lincoln\, Charles Darwin\, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, Immanue l Kant\, and Napoleon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethov en SUMMARY:Ludwig van Beethoven · 1770–1827 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-wolfgang-amadeus-mozart-q254 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17560127 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17911206 DESCRIPTION:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a Classical composer and musician. He completed more than 800 works in his life—including outstanding examp les of most of the genres of his time: symphonies\, concertos\, chamber mu sic\, opera and choral music—and is regarded as one of the greatest comp osers in the history of Western music.\n\nJanuary 27\, 1756 – December 5 \, 1791\; died at 35.\nAlive at the same time as Napoleon\, Johann Wolfgan g von Goethe\, Immanuel Kant\, Carl Linnaeus\, and George Washington.\n\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart SUMMARY:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart · 1756–1791 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-homer-q6691 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-08511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-07500101 DESCRIPTION:Homer was an ancient Greek poet who is traditionally credited a s the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey\, two epic poems that are founda tional works of ancient Greek literature. Homer was highly revered in anci ent Greek society and is considered one of the most influential authors in history. The question of Homer's identity and existence—dubbed the "Hom eric Question"—continues to be debated\, and scholars generally regard t he two poems as the works of separate authors.\n\nc. 900 BC – c. 800 BC\ ; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Amos\, Sargon II\, and Hes iod.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer SUMMARY:Homer · c. 900–c. 800 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-dante-alighieri-q1067 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12650606 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13210923 DESCRIPTION:Dante Alighieri\, widely known mononymously as Dante\, was an I talian poet\, writer\, and philosopher. His Divine Comedy\, originally cal led Comedìa and later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio\, is widely considered one of the most important poems of the Middle Ages and the gre atest literary work in the Italian language.\n\nJune 6\, 1265 – Septembe r 22\, 1321\; died at 56.\nAlive at the same time as Marco Polo\, Kublai K han\, William of Ockham\, Giotto\, and Roger Bacon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri SUMMARY:Dante Alighieri · 1265–1321 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-victor-hugo-q535 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18020226 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18850523 DESCRIPTION:Victor-Marie Hugo\, vicomte Hugo was a French Romantic author\, poet\, essayist\, playwright\, journalist\, human rights activist and pol itician.\n\nFebruary 26\, 1802 – May 22\, 1885\; died at 83.\nAlive at t he same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Charles Darwin\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Vincent van Gogh.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_ Hugo SUMMARY:Victor Hugo · 1802–1885 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-vincent-van-gogh-q5582 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18530330 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18900730 DESCRIPTION:Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Wes tern art. In just over a decade he created about 2\,100 artworks\, includi ng around 860 oil paintings\, most of them in the last two years of his li fe. They include landscapes\, still lifes\, portraits and self-portraits\, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic\, impulsive and expres sive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. His suic ide at age 37 followed years of mental illness and poverty.\n\nMarch 30\, 1853 – July 29\, 1890\; died at 37.\nAlive at the same time as Albert Ei nstein\, Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Leo Tolstoy\, and Charles Darwin.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh SUMMARY:Vincent van Gogh · 1853–1890 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-pablo-picasso-q5593 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18811025 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19730409 DESCRIPTION:Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century\, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement\, the i nvention of constructed sculpture\, the co-invention of collage\, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his m ost famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937)\, a dramatic portrayal of the bombi ng of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil W ar. His career spanned more than 76 years\, from his late teens to his dea th in 1973.\n\nOctober 25\, 1881 – April 8\, 1973\; died at 91.\nAlive a t the same time as Barack Obama\, Albert Einstein\, Leo Tolstoy\, Friedric h Nietzsche\, and Pope Francis.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Pic asso SUMMARY:Pablo Picasso · 1881–1973 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-alexander-the-great-q8409 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03550715 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03220606 DESCRIPTION:Alexander III of Macedon\, most commonly known as Alexander the Great\, was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 336 BC unti l his death. He was the son of Philip II\, born to him by his fourth wife\ , Olympias\, and ascended to the throne at the age of 20 after Philip was assassinated. Alexander spent most of his reign conducting a lengthy milit ary campaign throughout Asia and Egypt\, and by the age of 30\, he had cre ated one of the largest empires in history\, stretching from Greece to nor thwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to b e one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders.\n\nJu ly 15\, 356 BC – June 5\, 323 BC\; died at 32.\nAlive at the same time a s Aristotle\, Chanakya\, Apelles\, Epicurus\, and Demosthenes.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great SUMMARY:Alexander the Great · 356–323 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-michelangelo-q5592 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14750315 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15640229 DESCRIPTION:Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni\, known mononymously as Michelangelo\, was an Italian sculptor\, painter\, architect\, and poe t of the High Renaissance. He was born in the Republic of Florence but was mostly active in Rome from his 30s onwards. His work was inspired by mode ls from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art. Mi chelangelo's creative abilities and mastery in a range of artistic arenas define him as an archetypal Renaissance man\, along with his rival and eld er contemporary\, Leonardo da Vinci. Given the sheer volume of surviving c orrespondence\, sketches\, and reminiscences\, Michelangelo is one of the best-documented artists of the 16th century.\n\nMarch 15\, 1475 – Februa ry 28\, 1564\; died at 88.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Martin Luther\, Miguel de Cervantes\, Christopher Columbus\, and Niccolò Machiavelli.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo SUMMARY:Michelangelo · 1475–1564 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-johann-sebastian-bach-q1339 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16850331 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17500729 DESCRIPTION:Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety of instruments and forms\, including the orchestral Brandenburg Concertos \; solo instrumental works such as the Cello Suites and Sonatas and Partit as for Solo Violin\; keyboard works such as the Goldberg Variations and Th e Well-Tempered Clavier\; organ works such as the Schübler Chorales and t he Toccata and Fugue in D minor\; and choral works such as the St. Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. He is known for his mastery of counterpo int\, as heard in The Musical Offering and The Art of Fugue. Felix Mendels sohn precipitated the Bach Revival with a performance of the St. Matthew P assion in 1829. Ever since\, Bach has been acclaimed as one of the greates t composers in the history of Western music.\n\nMarch 31\, 1685 – July 2 8\, 1750\; died at 65.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, George Wa shington\, Voltaire\, Immanuel Kant\, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.\n\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach SUMMARY:Johann Sebastian Bach · 1685–1750 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-martin-luther-q9554 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14831119 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15460301 DESCRIPTION:Martin Luther was a German priest\, theologian\, author\, hymnw riter\, professor\, and former Augustinian friar. Luther was the seminal f igure of the Protestant Reformation\, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. He is considered one of the most influential figure s in Western and Christian history.\n\nNovember 19\, 1483 – February 28\ , 1546\; died at 62.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Michel angelo\, Christopher Columbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Michel de Monta igne.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther SUMMARY:Martin Luther · 1483–1546 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-fyodor-dostoyevsky-q991 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18211111 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18810210 DESCRIPTION:Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was a Russian philosopher\, nove list\, short-story writer\, essayist\, and journalist. He is regarded as o ne of the greatest novelists in both Russian and world literature\, and ma ny of his works are considered highly influential masterpieces. Dostoevsky 's literary works explore the human condition in the troubled political\, social and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia\, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed novels include Crime and Punishment (1866)\, The Idiot (1869)\, Demons (1872)\, The Adolescent (1875) and The Brothers Karamazov (1880). His Notes from Un derground\, a novella published in 1864\, is considered one of the first w orks of existentialist literature.\n\nNovember 11\, 1821 – February 9\, 1881\; died at 59.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\ , Charles Darwin\, Vincent van Gogh\, and Frédéric Chopin.\n\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky SUMMARY:Fyodor Dostoyevsky · 1821–1881 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-voltaire-q9068 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16940220 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17780531 DESCRIPTION:François-Marie Arouet\, known by his pen name Voltaire\, was a French Enlightenment writer\, philosopher (philosophe)\, satirist\, and h istorian. Famous for his wit and his criticism of Christianity and of slav ery\, Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech\, freedom of religion\ , and separation of church and state.\n\nFebruary 20\, 1694 – May 30\, 1 778\; died at 84.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, George Washing ton\, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\, Immanuel Kant\, and Johann Wolfgang von Go ethe.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire SUMMARY:Voltaire · 1694–1778 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-friedrich-nietzsche-q9358 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18441015 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19000826 DESCRIPTION:Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher and writer who started his career as a classical philologist and turned to philosoph y early in his academic career. In 1869\, at age 24\, he was appointed Pro fessor of Classical Philology at the University of Basel. Plagued by healt h problems for most of his life\, he resigned from the university in 1879. He afterward lived as an independent writer\, spending much of his life i n relative solitude and financial insecurity while moving between Switzerl and\, Italy\, and southern France in search of climates that might allevia te his condition\, and in the following decade\, he completed much of his core writing. In 1889\, aged 44\, he suffered a neurological collapse\, an d thereafter a complete loss of his mental faculties\, with paralysis and vascular dementia\; he lived out his remaining 11 years\, first under the care of his mother\, and later his sister\, until his death. His works and his philosophy have fostered not only extensive scholarship but also much popular interest.\n\nOctober 15\, 1844 – August 25\, 1900\; died at 55. \nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Albert Einstein\, Leo Tolstoy\, Vincent van Gogh\, and Karl Marx.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedr ich_Nietzsche SUMMARY:Friedrich Nietzsche · 1844–1900 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-rene-descartes-q9191 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15960331 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16500212 DESCRIPTION:René Descartes was a French philosopher\, mathematician\, and scientist whose work was foundational to mathematics and modern philosophy . He connected the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra into analytic geometry and introduced a systematic method of inquiry that beca me influential in early modern philosophy. He made major contributions to epistemology and philosophy of mind as well as metaphysics\, and influence d the development of modern science.\n\nMarch 31\, 1596 – February 11\, 1650\; died at 53.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, Rembra ndt\, Blaise Pascal\, Louis XIV of France\, and Miguel de Cervantes.\n\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes SUMMARY:René Descartes · 1596–1650 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-immanuel-kant-q9312 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17240422 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18040213 DESCRIPTION:Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher. Born in Königsberg in the Kingdom of Prussia\, he is considered one of the central thinkers of t he Enlightenment. His comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology\, metaphysics\, logic\, ethics\, aesthetics\, political theory\, and philos ophy of religion have made him one of the most influential and highly disc ussed figures in modern Western philosophy.\n\nApril 22\, 1724 – Februar y 12\, 1804\; died at 79.\nAlive at the same time as Napoleon\, Johann Wol fgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Carl Linnaeus\, and George Washi ngton.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant SUMMARY:Immanuel Kant · 1724–1804 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-thomas-edison-q8743 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18470211 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19311019 DESCRIPTION:Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman kno wn for his work on the incandescent light bulb\, the phonograph\, electric power distribution and early motion pictures. The merger of the Edison Ge neral Electric Company and the competitor Thomson-Houston Electric Company resulted in the formation of General Electric. Edison registered 1\,093 p atents in the United States.\n\nFebruary 11\, 1847 – October 18\, 1931\; died at 84.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Karl Marx\, Leo Tol stoy\, Vincent van Gogh\, and John Paul II.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/Thomas_Edison SUMMARY:Thomas Edison · 1847–1931 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-mustafa-kemal-ataturk-q5152 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18810519 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19381111 DESCRIPTION:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish field marshal and statesma n who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey and served as its first pr esident from 1923 until his death in 1938. He led sweeping reforms\, turni ng Turkey into an industrialising nation. Ideologically a republican\, sec ularist\, and nationalist\, his policies and socio-political theories beca me known as Kemalism. Atatürk's personality cult and the Kemalist histori ography developed around it have had significant and ongoing influences on Turkey's political culture and historical narrative.\n\nMay 19\, 1881 – November 10\, 1938\; died at 57.\nAlive at the same time as Albert Einste in\, Leo Tolstoy\, Pablo Picasso\, Friedrich Nietzsche\, and John Paul II. \n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk SUMMARY:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk · 1881–1938 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-mark-twain-q7245 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18351130 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19100422 DESCRIPTION:Samuel Langhorne Clemens\, known by the pen name Mark Twain\, w as an American writer\, humorist\, and essayist. He has been praised as th e "greatest humorist the United States has produced"\, with William Faulkn er calling him "the father of American literature". Twain's novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel\, Adventures of Huckle berry Finn (1884)\, with the latter often called the "Great American Novel ". He also wrote A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and Pu dd'nhead Wilson (1894) and cowrote The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873) with Charles Dudley Warner.\n\nNovember 30\, 1835 – April 21\, 1910\; di ed at 74.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Albert Einstein\, Karl Marx\, Vincent van Gogh\, and Frédéric Chopin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Mark_Twain SUMMARY:Mark Twain · 1835–1910 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-miguel-de-cervantes-q5682 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15471009 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16160423 DESCRIPTION:Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was a Spanish writer widely regard ed as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's p re-eminent novelists. He is best known for his two-part novel Don Quixote\ , a work considered to be the first modern novel. Don Quixote has been lab elled by many well-known authors as the "best book of all time" and the "b est and most central work in world literature".\n\nOctober 9\, 1547 – Ap ril 22\, 1616\; died at 68.\nAlive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Ren é Descartes\, Elizabeth I of England\, Johannes Kepler\, and John Calvin. \n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes SUMMARY:Miguel de Cervantes · 1547–1616 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-salvador-dali-q5577 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19040511 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19890124 DESCRIPTION:Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech\, Marquess of Dalí de Púbol\, known as Salvador Dalí\, was a Spanish surrealist arti st renowned for his technical skill\, precise draftsmanship\, and the stri king and bizarre images in his work.\n\nMay 11\, 1904 – January 23\, 198 9\; died at 84.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Albert Einstein\ , Franz Kafka\, Pope Francis\, and Neil Armstrong.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD SUMMARY:Salvador Dalí · 1904–1989 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-archimedes-q8739 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02860101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02090101 DESCRIPTION:Archimedes of Syracuse was an Ancient Greek mathematician\, phy sicist\, engineer\, astronomer\, and inventor from the city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known\, based on his survivi ng work\, he is considered one of the leading scientists in classical anti quity\, and one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Archimedes ant icipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infin itesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove many geometrical theorems\, including the area of a circle\, the surface area and volume of a sphere\, the area of an ellipse\, the area under a parabol a\, the volume of a segment of a paraboloid of revolution\, the volume of a segment of a hyperboloid of revolution\, and the area of a spiral.\n\n28 7 BC – 211 BC\; died at about 76.\nAlive at the same time as Qin Shi Hua ng\, Epicurus\, Plautus\, Ashoka\, and Hannibal.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.o rg/wiki/Archimedes SUMMARY:Archimedes · 287–211 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-virgil-q1398 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00691013 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00170101 DESCRIPTION:Publius Vergilius Maro\, usually called Virgil or Vergil in Eng lish\, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the Eclogues\, the Georgics \, and the epic Aeneid. Some minor poems\, collected in the Appendix Vergi liana\, were attributed to him in ancient times\, but modern scholars rega rd these as spurious\, with the possible exception of some short pieces.\n \nOctober 13\, 70 BC – 19 BC\; died at about 50.\nAlive at the same time as Julius Caesar\, Strabo\, Aglaonike\, Augustus\, and Cicero.\n\nhttps:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgil SUMMARY:Virgil · 70–19 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-augustus-q1405 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00620921 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00150101 DESCRIPTION:Augustus\, also known as Octavian\, was the founder of the Roma n Empire and the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14 . The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult and an era of imperial peace when the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict. The princip ate\, a style of government in which the emperor showed nominal deference to the Senate\, was established during his reign and lasted until the Cris is of the Third Century.\n\nSeptember 21\, 63 BC – 14\; died at about 75 .\nAlive at the same time as Jesus Christ\, Virgil\, Seneca\, Aglaonike\, and Julius Caesar.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus SUMMARY:Augustus · 63 BC–14 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-christopher-columbus-q7322 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14510910 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15060530 DESCRIPTION:Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish transatlantic voyages in the name of the Catholic Monarchs\, opening the way for the widespread Eu ropean exploration and colonization of the Americas. His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean and Central and South America.\n\nSeptember 10\, 1451 – May 29\, 1506\; died at 54.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Niccol ò Machiavelli\, and François Villon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch ristopher_Columbus SUMMARY:Christopher Columbus · 1451–1506 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-franz-kafka-q905 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18830703 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19240604 DESCRIPTION:Franz Kafka was a German-language Jewish writer and novelist fr om Prague. Widely regarded as a major figure of 20th-century literature\, his works fuse elements of realism and the fantastique\, and typically fea ture isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surreal predicaments and inco mprehensible bureaucratic powers. The term Kafkaesque has entered the lexi con to describe situations like those depicted in his writings. His best-k nown works include the novella The Metamorphosis (1915) and the novels The Trial (1925) and The Castle (1926). He is also celebrated for his brief f ables and aphorisms\, which frequently incorporated comedic elements along side the darker themes of his longer works. His work has widely influenced artists\, philosophers\, composers\, filmmakers\, literary historians\, r eligious scholars\, and cultural theorists.\n\nJuly 3\, 1883 – June 3\, 1924\; died at 40.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Albert Einste in\, Pablo Picasso\, Friedrich Nietzsche\, and Ronald Reagan.\n\nhttps://e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Kafka SUMMARY:Franz Kafka · 1883–1924 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-pope-francis-q450675 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19361217 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250422 DESCRIPTION:Pope Francis was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City from 13 March 2013 until his death in 2025. He was the fir st Jesuit pope\, the first Latin American\, and the first pope born or rai sed outside Europe since the 8th-century Syrian pope Gregory III.\n\nDece mber 17\, 1936 – April 21\, 2025\; died at 88.\nAlive at the same time a s Barack Obama\, Albert Einstein\, Pablo Picasso\, Neil Armstrong\, and Ge orge Orwell.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Francis SUMMARY:Pope Francis · 1936–2025 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-jean-jacques-rousseau-q6527 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17120628 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17780703 DESCRIPTION:Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosophe\, writer\, and c omposer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of En lightenment throughout Europe\, as well as aspects of the French Revolutio n and the development of modern political\, economic\, and educational tho ught.\n\nJune 28\, 1712 – July 2\, 1778\; died at 66.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, George Washington\, W olfgang Amadeus Mozart\, and Johann Sebastian Bach.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau SUMMARY:Jean-Jacques Rousseau · 1712–1778 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-niccolo-machiavelli-q1399 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14690512 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15270703 DESCRIPTION:Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was a Florentine diplomat\ , author\, political philosopher\, and historian who lived during the Ital ian Renaissance. He is best known for his political treatise The Prince\, written around 1513 but not published until 1532\, five years after his de ath. He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy an d political science.\n\nMay 12\, 1469 – July 2\, 1527\; died at 58.\nAli ve at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Christopher Columbus\, and Nicolaus Copernicus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.or g/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli SUMMARY:Niccolò Machiavelli · 1469–1527 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-augustine-of-hippo-q8018 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03541114 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04300830 DESCRIPTION:Augustine of Hippo\, also well-known as Saint Augustine\, was a Christian theologian and philosopher from Thagaste\, Numidia Cirtensis an d the Bishop of Hippo Regius. He is generally regarded as one of the most influential philosophers in the history of the Western world\, and is view ed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period.\n\nNovember 14\, 354 – August 29\, 430\; died at 75.\n Alive at the same time as Hypatia\, Alaric I\, Ausonius\, Jerome\, and Joh n Chrysostom.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo SUMMARY:Augustine of Hippo · 354–430 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-moliere-q687 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16220115 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16730217 DESCRIPTION:Jean-Baptiste Poquelin\, known by his stage name Molière\, was a French playwright\, actor\, and poet\, widely regarded as one of the gr eat writers in the French language and world literature. His extant works include comedies\, farces\, tragicomedies\, comédie-ballets\, and more. H is plays have been translated into every major living language and are per formed at the Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playw right today. His influence is such that the French language is often refer red to as the "language of Molière".\n\nJanuary 15\, 1622 – February 16 \, 1673\; died at 51.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, René Desc artes\, Rembrandt\, Louis XIV of France\, and John Locke.\n\nhttps://en.wi kipedia.org/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re SUMMARY:Molière · 1622–1673 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-thomas-jefferson-q11812 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17430413 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18260705 DESCRIPTION:Thomas Jefferson was a Founding Father and the third president of the United States\, serving from 1801 to 1809. A prolific writer and ph ilosopher\, Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Indepen dence. His political philosophy formed the basis for Jeffersonian democrac y\, which dominated early American politics alongside federalism. Jefferso n remains celebrated as an icon of American political values\, but is also controversial for being a lifelong slave owner.\n\nApril 13\, 1743 – Ju ly 4\, 1826\; died at 83.\nAlive at the same time as Charles Darwin\, Joha nn Wolfgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Immanuel Kant\, and Abraha m Lincoln.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson SUMMARY:Thomas Jefferson · 1743–1826 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-adam-smith-q9381 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17230605 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17900718 DESCRIPTION:Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a p ioneer in the field of political economy and key figure during the Scottis h Enlightenment. Seen by many as the "father of economics"\, or the "fathe r of capitalism"\, he is primarily known for two classic works: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of t he Wealth of Nations (1776). The latter\, often abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations\, is regarded as his magnum opus\, marking the inception of mod ern economic scholarship as a comprehensive system and an academic discipl ine. Smith refuses to explain the distribution of wealth and power in term s of divine will and instead appeals to natural\, political\, social\, eco nomic\, legal\, environmental and technological factors\, as well as the i nteractions among them. The work is notable for its contribution to econom ic theory\, particularly in its exposition of the concept of absolute adva ntage.\n\nJune 5\, 1723 – July 17\, 1790\; died at 67.\nAlive at the sam e time as Napoleon\, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, C arl Linnaeus\, and George Washington.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada m_Smith SUMMARY:Adam Smith · 1723–1790 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-lord-byron-q5679 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17880122 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18240420 DESCRIPTION:George Noel Gordon Byron\, 6th Baron Byron\, was a British poet . He was one of the major figures of the Romantic movement\, and is regard ed as being among the greatest British poets. Among his best-known works a re the lengthy narratives Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage\; many o f his shorter lyrics in Hebrew Melodies also became popular.\n\nJanuary 22 \, 1788 – April 19\, 1824\; died at 36.\nAlive at the same time as Abrah am Lincoln\, Charles Darwin\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Immanuel Kant\, and N apoleon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byron SUMMARY:Lord Byron · 1788–1824 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-neil-armstrong-q1615 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19300805 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20120826 DESCRIPTION:Neil Alden Armstrong was an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer who\, as the commander of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission\, became th e first person to walk on the Moon. He was also a naval aviator\, test pil ot and university professor.\n\nAugust 5\, 1930 – August 25\, 2012\; die d at 82.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Albert Einstein\, Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\, and George Orwell.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/Neil_Armstrong SUMMARY:Neil Armstrong · 1930–2012 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-benjamin-franklin-q34969 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17060117 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17900418 DESCRIPTION:Benjamin Franklin was an American polymath active as a physicis t\, philosopher\, statesman and inventor who was one of the Founding Fathe rs of the United States. He was a drafter and signer of the Declaration of Independence\, and the first postmaster general.\n\nJanuary 17\, 1706 – April 17\, 1790\; died at 84.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, J ohann Wolfgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Immanuel Kant\, and Nap oleon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin SUMMARY:Benjamin Franklin · 1706–1790 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-carl-linnaeus-q1043 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17070523 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17780111 DESCRIPTION:Carl Linnaeus\, also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl vo n Linné\, was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial n omenclature\, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "f ather of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin\; his name i s rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus and\, after his 1761 ennoblement\, as Carolus a Linné.\n\nMay 23\, 1707 – January 10\, 1778\; died at 70. \nAlive at the same time as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, George Washington \, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\, Immanuel Kant\, and Isaac Newton.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus SUMMARY:Carl Linnaeus · 1707–1778 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-sophocles-q7235 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04950101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04040101 DESCRIPTION:Sophocles was an ancient Greek tragedian\, one of three from wh om at least two plays have survived in full. His first plays were written later than\, or contemporary with\, those of Aeschylus and earlier than\, or contemporary with\, those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote more than 120 p lays\, but only seven have survived in a complete form: Ajax\, Antigone\, Women of Trachis\, Oedipus Rex\, Electra\, Philoctetes\, and Oedipus at Co lonus. For almost 50 years\, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens\, which took plac e during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He compet ed in 30 competitions\, won 24\, and was never judged lower than second pl ace. Aeschylus won 13 competitions and was sometimes beaten by Sophocles\; Euripides won four.\n\n496 BC – 406 BC\; died at about 89.\nAlive at th e same time as Confucius\, The Buddha\, Hippocrates\, Thucydides\, and Pla to.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophocles SUMMARY:Sophocles · 496–406 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-nicolaus-copernicus-q619 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14730228 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15430604 DESCRIPTION:Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center . The publication of Copernicus's model in his book De revolutionibus orbi um coelestium\, just before his death in 1543\, was a major event in the h istory of science\, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a pion eering contribution to the Scientific Revolution. Though a similar helioce ntric model had been developed eighteen centuries earlier by Aristarchus o f Samos\, an ancient Greek astronomer\, Copernicus likely arrived at his m odel independently.\n\nFebruary 28\, 1473 – June 3\, 1543\; died at 70.\ nAlive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Christopher Colu mbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Michel de Montaigne.\n\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus SUMMARY:Nicolaus Copernicus · 1473–1543 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-george-orwell-q3335 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19030625 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19500122 DESCRIPTION:Eric Arthur Blair was an English novelist\, poet\, essayist\, j ournalist\, and critic who wrote under the pen name of George Orwell. His work is characterised by lucid prose\, social criticism\, opposition to al l totalitarianism\, and support of democratic socialism.\n\nJune 25\, 1903 – January 21\, 1950\; died at 46.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitl er\, Albert Einstein\, Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\, and Neil Armstrong.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell SUMMARY:George Orwell · 1903–1950 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-marco-polo-q6101 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12540922 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13240117 DESCRIPTION:Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant\, explorer\, and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295. His trav els are recorded in The Travels of Marco Polo\, a book that described the then-mysterious culture and inner workings of the Eastern world\, includin g the wealth and great size of the Mongol Empire and China under the Yuan dynasty\, giving Europeans their first comprehensive look into China\, Per sia\, India\, Japan\, and other Asian societies.\n\nSeptember 22\, 1254 – January 16\, 1324\; died at 69.\nAlive at the same time as Dante Aligh ieri\, Thomas Aquinas\, Kublai Khan\, William of Ockham\, and Giotto.\n\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo SUMMARY:Marco Polo · 1254–1324 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-john-locke-q9353 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16320829 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17041109 DESCRIPTION:John Locke was an English philosopher and physician\, widely re garded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers and co mmonly known as the "father of liberalism". His important works include A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689)\, Two Treatises of Government (1689/90 )\, both published anonymously\, and An Essay Concerning Human Understandi ng (1689/90). His writing on toleration contends that religion is a matter for the individual and that the churches are voluntary associations\, rul ing out religious coercion and uniformity. The ideas on the separation of church and state originated with Sir Harry Vane in Vane’s two pamphlets “Zeal Examined” in 1651 and “A Healing Question” published in 1656 . His Two Treatises on Government argues for government based on the conse nt of the governed and the right to revolt against tyrannous government wh ich has lost consent. The Two Treatises are believed to have influenced th e language that Thomas Jefferson chose in his drafting the July 1776 Decla ration of Independence during the American War of Independence.\n\nAugust 29\, 1632 – November 8\, 1704\; died at 72.\nAlive at the same time as I saac Newton\, Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, Rembrandt\, and Louis XIV of France.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke SUMMARY:John Locke · 1632–1704 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-pythagoras-q10261 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05810101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04900101 DESCRIPTION:Pythagoras of Samos was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher\, p olymath\, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and r eligious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the phi losophies of Plato\, Aristotle\, and\, through them\, Western philosophy. Modern scholars disagree regarding Pythagoras's education and influences\, but most agree that he travelled to Croton in southern Italy around 530 B C\, where he founded a school in which initiates were allegedly sworn to s ecrecy and lived a communal\, ascetic lifestyle.\n\n582 BC – 492 BC\; di ed at about 90.\nAlive at the same time as The Buddha\, Sun Tzu\, Aeschylu s\, Confucius\, and Thales.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoras SUMMARY:Pythagoras · 582–492 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-john-paul-ii-q989 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19200518 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20050403 DESCRIPTION:Pope John Paul II was the head of the Catholic Church and sover eign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death in 2005. He was the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI in the 16th century\, as well a s the third longest-serving pope in history\, after St. Peter and Pius IX. In addition to this\, he was an important philosopher and theologian of t he 20th century.\n\nMay 18\, 1920 – April 2\, 2005\; died at 84.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Albert Einstein\, Pablo Picasso\, Neil Armstrong\, and George Orwell.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_ Paul_II SUMMARY:John Paul II · 1920–2005 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-genghis-khan-q720 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11620607 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12270902 DESCRIPTION:Genghis Khan\, also known as Chinggis Khan\, was the founder an d first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes\, he launched a series of military campaigns\, conqueri ng large parts of China and Central Asia.\n\nJune 7\, 1162 – September 1 \, 1227\; died at 65.\nAlive at the same time as Rumi\, Francis of Assisi\ , Zhu Xi\, Fibonacci\, and Saladin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gengh is_Khan SUMMARY:Genghis Khan · 1162–1227 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-thomas-aquinas-q9438 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12250201 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12740322 DESCRIPTION:Thomas Aquinas was an Italian Dominican friar and priest\, theo logian\, and philosopher. He is considered one of the most influential thi nkers in the history of Catholic theology and Western philosophy. He is th e father of a school of thought known as Thomism.\n\nFebruary 1\, 1225 – March 21\, 1274\; died at 49.\nAlive at the same time as Marco Polo\, Rum i\, Fibonacci\, Kublai Khan\, and Albertus Magnus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas SUMMARY:Thomas Aquinas · 1225–1274 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-rembrandt-q5598 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16060715 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16700101 DESCRIPTION:Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn\, known mononymously as Rembrand t\, was a Dutch Golden Age painter\, printmaker\, and draughtsman. He is g enerally considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of W estern art. It is estimated that Rembrandt's surviving works amount to abo ut three hundred paintings\, three hundred etchings\, and several hundred drawings.\n\nJuly 15\, 1606 – 1669\; died at about 62.\nAlive at the sam e time as Isaac Newton\, René Descartes\, Molière\, Louis XIV of France\ , and John Locke.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembrandt SUMMARY:Rembrandt · 1606–1669 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-gabriel-garcia-marquez-q5878 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19270306 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20140418 DESCRIPTION:Gabriel José García Márquez was a Colombian writer and journ alist\, known affectionately as Gabo or Gabito throughout Latin America. C onsidered one of the most significant authors of the 20th century\, partic ularly in the Spanish language\, he was awarded the 1972 Neustadt Internat ional Prize for Literature and the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature. He purs ued a self-directed education that resulted in leaving law school for a ca reer in journalism. From early on he showed no inhibitions in his criticis m of Colombian and foreign politics. In 1958\, he married Mercedes Barcha Pardo\; they had two sons\, Rodrigo and Gonzalo.\n\nMarch 6\, 1927 – Apr il 17\, 2014\; died at 87.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Alber t Einstein\, Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\, and Neil Armstrong.\n\nhttps:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez SUMMARY:Gabriel García Márquez · 1927–2014 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz-q9047 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16460701 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17161115 DESCRIPTION:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German polymath active as a mat hematician\, philosopher\, scientist\, and diplomat. Alongside Isaac Newto n\, he is widely credited with the invention of calculus. He is also credi ted with making foundational contributions to other areas of mathematics\, such as binary arithmetic and statistics.\n\nJuly 1\, 1646 – November 1 4\, 1716\; died at 70.\nAlive at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, Benjamin Franklin\, John Locke\, and Rembrandt.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz SUMMARY:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1646–1716 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-euclid-q8747 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03220101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02830101 DESCRIPTION:Euclid was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry"\, he is chiefly known fo r the Elements treatise\, which established the foundations of geometry th at largely dominated the field until the early 19th century. His system\, now referred to as Euclidean geometry\, involved innovations in combinatio n with a synthesis of theories from earlier Greek mathematicians\, includi ng Eudoxus of Cnidus\, Hippocrates of Chios\, Thales and Theaetetus. With Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga\, Euclid is generally considered among the greatest mathematicians of antiquity\, and one of the most influential in the history of mathematics.\n\n323 BC – 285 BC\; died at about 37.\n Alive at the same time as Ashoka\, Epicurus\, Chanakya\, Apelles\, and Men ander.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid SUMMARY:Euclid · 323–285 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-matsuo-basho-q5676 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16440101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16941129 DESCRIPTION:Matsuo Bashō \; born Matsuo Kinsaku \, later known as Matsuo C hūemon Munefusa was the most famous Japanese poet of the Edo period. Dur ing his lifetime\, Bashō was recognized for his works in the collaborativ e haikai no renga form\; today\, after centuries of commentary\, he is rec ognized as the greatest master of haiku. He is also well known for his tra vel essays beginning with Records of a Weather-Exposed Skeleton (1684)\, w ritten after his journey west to Kyoto and Nara.\n\n1644 – November 28\, 1694\; died at about 50.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, John L ocke\, Rembrandt\, Louis XIV of France\, and Antonio Vivaldi.\n\nhttps://e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsuo_Bash%C5%8D SUMMARY:Matsuo Bashō · 1644–1694 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-cicero-q1541 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01061231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00421202 DESCRIPTION:Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman\, lawyer\, scholar\ , philosopher\, orator\, and writer who tried to uphold optimate principle s during the political crises of the Roman Republic that led to the establ ishment of the Roman Empire. The extensive writings of Cicero include trea tises on rhetoric\, philosophy\, and politics. He is considered one of Rom e's greatest orators and prose stylists and the innovator of what became k nown as "Ciceronian rhetoric". Cicero was educated in Rome and in Greece. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order\, an d served as consul in 63 BC.\n\nDecember 31\, 107 BC – December 1\, 43 BC\; died at 63.\nAlive at the same time as Virgil\, Strabo\, Aglaonike\, Julius Caesar\, and Augustus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero SUMMARY:Cicero · 107–43 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-ovid-q7198 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00420318 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00180101 DESCRIPTION:Publius Ovidius Naso\, known in English as Ovid\, was a Roman p oet who lived during the reign of Augustus. He was a younger contemporary of Virgil and Horace\, with whom he is often ranked as one of the three ca nonical poets of Latin literature. The Imperial scholar Quintilian conside red him to be the last of the Latin love elegists. Although Ovid enjoyed e normous popularity during his lifetime\, the emperor Augustus exiled him t o Tomis\, the capital of the newly organized province of Moesia\, on the B lack Sea\, where he remained for the last nine or 10 years of his life. Ov id himself attributed his banishment to a carmen et error\, but his reluct ance to disclose specifics has resulted in much speculation among scholars .\n\nMarch 18\, 43 BC – 17\; died at about 58.\nAlive at the same time a s Jesus Christ\, Augustus\, Seneca\, Virgil\, and Paul the Apostle.\n\nhtt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovid SUMMARY:Ovid · 43 BC–17 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-stephen-hawking-q17714 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19420108 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20180315 DESCRIPTION:Stephen William Hawking was an English theoretical astrophysici st\, cosmologist\, and author who was director of research at the Centre f or Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge. Between 1979 and 2009\, he was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge\, widely viewed as one of the most prestigious academic posts in the world.\n\nJanu ary 8\, 1942 – March 14\, 2018\; died at 76.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstrong\, and Gabriel García Márquez.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking SUMMARY:Stephen Hawking · 1942–2018 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-frederic-chopin-q1268 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18100222 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18491018 DESCRIPTION:Frédéric François Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the early Romantic period who wrote primarily for solo piano. H e has maintained worldwide renown as a leading composer of his era whose " poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation".\n\nFebruary 22\, 1810 – October 17\, 1849\; died at 39.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Leo Tolstoy\ , Charles Darwin\, and Napoleon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9 d%C3%A9ric_Chopin SUMMARY:Frédéric Chopin · 1810–1849 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-li-bai-q7071 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07010523 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07621205 DESCRIPTION:Li Bai\, also known by his courtesy name of Taibai\, was a Chin ese poet acclaimed as one of the best and most important poets of the Tang dynasty\, and even in the whole of Chinese poetry. He and his friends suc h as Du Fu (712–770) were among the prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry of the Tang dynasty\, often called the "Golden Age of C hinese Poetry". The expression "Three Wonders" denotes Li Bai's poetry\, P ei Min's swordplay\, and Zhang Xu's calligraphy.\n\nMay 23\, 701 – Decem ber 4\, 762\; died at 61.\nAlive at the same time as Charlemagne\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, Du Fu\, Jabir ibn Hayyan\, and Bede.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.o rg/wiki/Li_Bai SUMMARY:Li Bai · 701–762 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-ferdinand-magellan-q1496 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14800101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15210508 DESCRIPTION:Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer best known for pla nning and leading the 1519–1522 Spanish expedition to the East Indies. D uring this expedition\, he became the first European to encounter the Stra it of Magellan\, performed the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocea n\, and made the first known European contact with the Philippines. Magell an was killed in battle in the Philippines in 1521\, but his crew\, comman ded by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano\, completed the return tri p to Spain in 1522\, achieving the first circumnavigation of Earth in hist ory.\n\n1480 – May 7\, 1521\; died at about 41.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Niccolò Machiavelli \, and Christopher Columbus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Ma gellan SUMMARY:Ferdinand Magellan · 1480–1521 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-paul-the-apostle-q9200 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00050101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00660101 DESCRIPTION:Paul\, commonly known as Paul the Apostle or Saint Paul\, was a Christian apostle who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first century AD. For his contributions towards the New Testament\, he is generally rega rded as one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age\, and he al so founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe from the mid-40s to the mid-50s AD.\n\n5 – 65\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Ovid\, Plutarch\, Nero\, Jesus Christ\, and Seneca.\n\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle SUMMARY:Paul the Apostle · 5–65 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-qin-shi-huang-q7192 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02580101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02080101 DESCRIPTION:Qin Shi Huang was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China. He invented the title huángdì rather than reuse the ex isting title for "king" \; the new title was used by monarchs in China and other countries for the next two millennia.\n\n259 BC – 210 BC\; died a t about 48.\nAlive at the same time as Archimedes\, Plautus\, Xunzi\, Asho ka\, and Hannibal.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang SUMMARY:Qin Shi Huang · 259–210 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-raphael-q5597 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14830406 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15200417 DESCRIPTION:Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino\, now generally known in English as Raphael\, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. Hi s work is admired for its clarity of form\, ease of composition\, and visu al achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with L eonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo\, he forms the traditional trinity of gr eat masters of that period.\n\nApril 6\, 1483 – April 16\, 1520\; died a t 37.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Martin Luther\, Chris topher Columbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Michelangelo.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael SUMMARY:Raphael · 1483–1520 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-blaise-pascal-q1290 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16230619 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16620820 DESCRIPTION:Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician\, physicist\, inventor \, philosopher\, and Catholic writer.\n\nJune 19\, 1623 – August 19\, 16 62\; died at 39.\nAlive at the same time as René Descartes\, Molière\, R embrandt\, Louis XIV of France\, and Isaac Newton.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal SUMMARY:Blaise Pascal · 1623–1662 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-joan-of-arc-q7226 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14120115 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14310609 DESCRIPTION:Joan of Arc is a patron saint of France\, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and securing t he coronation of Charles VII of France during the Hundred Years' War. Clai ming to be acting under divine guidance\, she became a military leader who gained recognition as a savior of France.\n\nJanuary 15\, 1412 – June 8 \, 1431\; died at 19.\nAlive at the same time as Johannes Gutenberg\, Zhen g He\, Pius II\, Leon Battista Alberti\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc SUMMARY:Joan of Arc · 1412–1431 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-avicenna-q8011 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09800101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10380101 DESCRIPTION:Ibn Sina\, commonly known in the West as Avicenna\, was a preem inent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world. He was a seminal figu re of the Islamic Golden Age\, serving in the courts of various Iranian ru lers\, and was influential to medieval European medical and Scholastic tho ught. Avicenna is considered one of the greatest thinkers and medical scho lars in history.\n\n980 – 1037\; died at about 57.\nAlive at the same ti me as Murasaki Shikibu\, Leif Erikson\, Sylvester II\, Vladimir the Great\ , and Ferdowsi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna SUMMARY:Avicenna · 980–1037 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-francis-bacon-q37388 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15610201 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16270101 DESCRIPTION:Francis Bacon\, 1st Viscount St Alban was an English philosophe r and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of Engl and under King James I. Bacon argued for the importance of natural philos ophy\, guided by the scientific method\, and his works remained influentia l throughout the Scientific Revolution.\n\nFebruary 1\, 1561 – 1626\; di ed at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, Rembrandt \, Elizabeth I of England\, Johannes Kepler\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Pa lestrina.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon SUMMARY:Francis Bacon · 1561–1626 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-elizabeth-i-of-england-q7207 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15330917 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16030404 DESCRIPTION:Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1 558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudor. Her eventful reign\, and its effect on history and culture\, gave name to the Elizabethan era.\n\nSeptember 17\, 1533 – Ap ril 3\, 1603\; died at 69.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\ , Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Francis Bacon\, and Johannes Kepler.\n\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I SUMMARY:Elizabeth I of England · 1533–1603 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-albrecht-durer-q5580 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14710530 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15280417 DESCRIPTION:Albrecht Dürer\, sometimes spelled in English as Durer or Duer er\, was a German painter\, printmaker\, and theorist of the German Renais sance. Born in Nuremberg\, Dürer established his reputation and influence across Europe in his twenties due to his high-quality woodcut prints. He was in contact with the major Italian artists of his time\, including Raph ael\, Giovanni Bellini and Leonardo da Vinci\, and from 1512 was patronize d by Emperor Maximilian I.\n\nMay 30\, 1471 – April 16\, 1528\; died at 56.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Martin Luther\, Christo pher Columbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Michelangelo.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer SUMMARY:Albrecht Dürer · 1471–1528 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-johannes-kepler-q8963 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15711221 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16301116 DESCRIPTION:Johannes Kepler was a German polymath who was an astronomer\, m athematician\, astrologer\, natural philosopher and music theorist. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution\, best known for hi s laws of planetary motion\, and his books Astronomia nova\, Harmonice Mun di\, and Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae. The variety and impact of his w ork made Kepler one of the founders and fathers of modern astronomy\, the scientific method\, natural science\, and modern science. He has been desc ribed as the "father of science fiction" for his novel Somnium.\n\nDecembe r 21\, 1571 – November 15\, 1630\; died at 58.\nAlive at the same time a s William Shakespeare\, René Descartes\, Rembrandt\, Elizabeth I of Engla nd\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Johannes_Kepler SUMMARY:Johannes Kepler · 1571–1630 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-charlemagne-q3044 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07420406 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08140202 DESCRIPTION:Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768\, King of the Lomba rds from 774\, and Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire from 800. He united most of Western and Central Europe and was the first r ecognised emperor to rule from the west after the fall of the Western Roma n Empire approximately three centuries earlier. Charlemagne's reign was ma rked by political and social changes that had lasting influence on Europe throughout the Middle Ages.\n\nApril 6\, 742 – February 1\, 814\; died a t 71.\nAlive at the same time as Li Bai\, Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi \, Ādi Shankara\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, and Abu Nuwas.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Charlemagne SUMMARY:Charlemagne · 742–814 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-vasco-da-gama-q7328 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14600101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15250104 DESCRIPTION:Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese mariner\, explorer and nobleman. His discovery of the first maritime route between Europe and India—arou nd the Cape of Good Hope\, then across the Indian Ocean from Malindi in Ke nya to Kozhikode—opened up European exploration of\, and commerce with\, India\, and is considered a landmark event in world history.\n\n1460 – January 3\, 1525\; died at about 65.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo d a Vinci\, Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Leon B attista Alberti.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama SUMMARY:Vasco da Gama · 1460–1525 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-johannes-gutenberg-q8958 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14690101 DESCRIPTION:Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a German inven tor and craftsman who invented the movable-type printing press. Though mov able type was already in use in East Asia\, Gutenberg's invention of the p rinting press enabled a much faster rate of printing. The printing press l ater spread across the world\, and led to an information revolution and th e unprecedented mass-spread of literature throughout Europe. It had a prof ound impact on the development of the Renaissance\, Reformation\, and huma nist movements.\n\n1400 – 1468\; died at about 68.\nAlive at the same ti me as Christopher Columbus\, Joan of Arc\, Jan Hus\, François Villon\, an d Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg SUMMARY:Johannes Gutenberg · 1400–1468 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-louis-xiv-of-france-q7742 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16380905 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17150902 DESCRIPTION:Louis XIV\, known as the "Sun King"\, was King of France from 1 4 May 1643 until his death in 1715. He is the longest-reigning monarch in history\, reigning for 72 years and 110 days. His reign brought about a go lden age in French history\, marked by a great expansion of the French col onial empire and a flourishing of French culture throughout Europe. As an absolute monarch\, Louis expanded monarchical rule and diminished the powe r of the nobility\, developing a strong centralised state ruled from the P alace of Versailles that persisted until the French Revolution.\n\nSeptemb er 5\, 1638 – September 1\, 1715\; died at 76.\nAlive at the same time a s Isaac Newton\, Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, René Descartes\, and Rembrandt.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIV SUMMARY:Louis XIV of France · 1638–1715 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-peter-the-great-q8479 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16720609 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17250209 DESCRIPTION:Peter I\, known by the epithet the Great\, was the tsar of all Russia from 1682 to 1721\, and the first emperor of Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned jointly with his brother\, Ivan V\, from 16 82 until Ivan's death in 1696.\n\nJune 9\, 1672 – February 8\, 1725\; di ed at 52.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, Johann Sebastian Bach\ , Voltaire\, Jean-Jacques Rousseau\, and Benjamin Franklin.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_the_Great SUMMARY:Peter the Great · 1672–1725 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-j-k-rowling-q34660 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19650731 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Joanne Rowling\, better known by her pen name J. K. Rowling\, i s a British author\, philanthropist\, producer\, and screenwriter. She is best known for writing Harry Potter\, a seven-volume series about a young wizard and the best-selling book series in history\, with over 600 million copies sold. She also writes Cormoran Strike\, an ongoing crime fiction s eries\, under the alias Robert Galbraith.\n\nBorn July 31\, 1965\; 61 toda y.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Salvador Dalí\, Pope Francis \, Neil Armstrong\, and Stephen Hawking.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ J._K._Rowling SUMMARY:J. K. Rowling · born 1965 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-michael-faraday-q8750 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17910922 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18680101 DESCRIPTION:Michael Faraday was an English chemist and physicist who contri buted vastly to the study of electrochemistry and electromagnetism. His ma in discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction \, diamagnetism\, and electrolysis. Although Faraday received little forma l education\, as a self-made man\, he was one of the most influential scie ntists in history. It was by his research on the magnetic field around a c onductor carrying a direct current that Faraday established the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics. Faraday also established that magne tism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relations hip between the two phenomena. He similarly discovered the principles of e lectromagnetic induction\, diamagnetism\, and the laws of electrolysis. Hi s inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of el ectric motor technology\, and it was largely due to his efforts that elect ricity became practical for use in technology. The SI unit of capacitance\ , the farad\, is named after him.\n\nSeptember 22\, 1791 – 1867\; died a t about 75.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Leo T olstoy\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Vincent van Gogh.\n\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday SUMMARY:Michael Faraday · 1791–1867 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-geoffrey-chaucer-q5683 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13430101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14001104 DESCRIPTION:Geoffrey Chaucer was an English poet\, writer and civil servant best known for The Canterbury Tales. He has been called the 'father of En glish literature'\, or alternatively\, the 'father of English poetry'. He was the first writer to be buried in what has since become Poets' Corner i n Westminster Abbey.\n\n1343 – November 3\, 1400\; died at about 57.\nAl ive at the same time as Ibn Battuta\, Jan Hus\, Jan van Eyck\, Bayezid I\, and Hafez.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer SUMMARY:Geoffrey Chaucer · 1343–1400 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-benedictus-de-spinoza-q35802 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16321124 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16770222 DESCRIPTION:Baruch (de) Spinoza\, also known under his Latinized pen name B enedictus de Spinoza\, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin who w as born and lived in the Dutch Republic. A forerunner of the Enlightenment \, Spinoza significantly influenced modern biblical criticism\, 17th-centu ry rationalism\, and Dutch intellectual culture\, establishing himself as one of the most important and radical philosophers of the early modern per iod. Influenced by Stoicism\, Thomas Hobbes\, René Descartes\, and hetero dox Christians\, Spinoza was a leading philosopher of the Dutch Golden Age .\n\nNovember 24\, 1632 – February 21\, 1677\; died at 44.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, Molière\, Rembrandt\, Louis XIV of France\, and René Descartes.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza SUMMARY:Benedictus de Spinoza · 1632–1677 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-ashoka-q8589 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03030101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02300101 DESCRIPTION:Ashoka\, also known as Asoka or Aśoka\, most commonly known as Ashoka the Great\, was Emperor of Magadha from c. 268 BCE until his de ath\, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynasty. His empire covered a l arge part of the Indian subcontinent\, stretching from present-day Afghani stan in the west to present-day Bangladesh in the east\, with its capital at Pataliputra. A patron of Buddhism\, he is credited with an important ro le in the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia.\n\n304 BC – 232 BC\; d ied at about 72.\nAlive at the same time as Archimedes\, Epicurus\, Chanak ya\, Euclid\, and Qin Shi Huang.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka SUMMARY:Ashoka · 304–232 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-marcus-aurelius-q1430 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01210425 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01800317 DESCRIPTION:Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher. He was a member of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty\, th e last of the rulers later known as the Five Good Emperors and the last em peror of the Pax Romana\, an age of relative peace\, calm\, and stability for the Roman Empire lasting from 27 BC to 180 AD. He served as Roman cons ul in 140\, 145\, and 161.\n\nApril 25\, 121 – March 16\, 180\; died at 58.\nAlive at the same time as Ptolemy\, Nagarjuna\, Apuleius\, Tertullian \, and Hadrian.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius SUMMARY:Marcus Aurelius · 121–180 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-peter-paul-rubens-q5599 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15770708 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16400531 DESCRIPTION:Sir Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish artist and diplomat. He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradition. R ubens's highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emp hasised movement\, colour\, and sensuality\, which followed the immediate\ , dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens was a painter producing altarpieces\, portraits\, landscapes\, and history pai ntings of mythological and allegorical subjects. He was also a prolific de signer of cartoons for the Flemish tapestry workshops and of frontispieces for the publishers in Antwerp.\n\nJuly 8\, 1577 – May 30\, 1640\; died at 62.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, René Descartes\, Blaise Pascal\, Elizabeth I of England\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestr ina.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens SUMMARY:Peter Paul Rubens · 1577–1640 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-hippocrates-q5264 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04590101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03680101 DESCRIPTION:Hippocrates of Kos\, also known as Hippocrates II\, named after his grandfather Hippocrates I was a Greek physician and philosopher of th e classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures i n the history of medicine. He is traditionally referred to as the "Father of Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field\, su ch as the use of prognosis and clinical observation\, the systematic categ orization of diseases\, and the formulation of humoral theory. His studies set out the basic ideas of modern-day specialties\, including surgery\, u rology\, neurology\, acute medicine and orthopedics\, and advanced the sys tematic study of clinical medicine.\n\n460 BC – 370 BC\; died at about 8 9.\nAlive at the same time as Aristotle\, Sophocles\, Thucydides\, Plato\, and Socrates.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocrates SUMMARY:Hippocrates · 460–370 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-cleopatra-q635 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00680111 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00290811 DESCRIPTION:Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdo m of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC\, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty\, she was a descendant of its founder\, Pt olemy I Soter\, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. Cleopatra's first language was Koine Greek\, and she is the only Pt olemaic ruler known to have learned the Egyptian language\, among several others. After her death\, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire\, ma rking the end of the Hellenistic period\, which had begun with the death o f Alexander in 323 BC.\n\nJanuary 11\, 69 BC – August 10\, 30 BC\; died at 39.\nAlive at the same time as Virgil\, Strabo\, Aglaonike\, Julius Cae sar\, and Augustus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra SUMMARY:Cleopatra · 69–30 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-horace-q6197 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00641206 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00071126 DESCRIPTION:Quintus Horatius Flaccus\, commonly known in the English-speaki ng world as Horace\, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of A ugustus. The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as the only Latin ly rics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes\, yet he is also full of ch arm and grace\, versatile in his figures\, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."\n\nDecember 6\, 65 BC – November 25\, 8 BC\; died at 5 6.\nAlive at the same time as Julius Caesar\, Strabo\, Aglaonike\, Virgil\ , and Augustus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace SUMMARY:Horace · 65–8 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-antonio-vivaldi-q1340 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16780304 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17410729 DESCRIPTION:Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was an Italian composer\, virtuoso violin ist\, and impresario of Baroque music. Regarded as one of the greatest Bar oque composers\, Vivaldi's influence during his lifetime was widespread ac ross Europe\, giving origin to many imitators and admirers. He pioneered m any developments in orchestration\, violin technique and programmatic musi c. He consolidated the emerging concerto form\, especially the solo concer to\, into a widely accepted and followed idiom.\n\nMarch 4\, 1678 – July 28\, 1741\; died at 63.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, Voltair e\, Immanuel Kant\, Benjamin Franklin\, and Johann Sebastian Bach.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi SUMMARY:Antonio Vivaldi · 1678–1741 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-akbar-q8597 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15421025 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16051016 DESCRIPTION:Akbar\, also known as Akbar the Great\, was the third Mughal em peror\, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father\, Humayu n\, under a regent\, Bairam Khan\, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in the Indian subcontinent. He is generally co nsidered one of the greatest Mughal emperors.\n\nOctober 25\, 1542 – Oct ober 15\, 1605\; died at 62.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespear e\, Michelangelo\, Francis Bacon\, Johannes Kepler\, and Jacques Cartier.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar SUMMARY:Akbar · 1542–1605 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-omar-khayyam-q35900 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10480515 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11311212 DESCRIPTION:Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) was a Persian poet and polymath\, kn own for his contributions to mathematics\, astronomy\, philosophy\, and Pe rsian literature. He was born in Nishapur\, Iran and lived during the Selj uk era\, around the time of the First Crusade.\n\nMay 15\, 1048 – Decemb er 11\, 1131\; died at 83.\nAlive at the same time as William the Conquero r\, Peter Abelard\, Anselm of Canterbury\, Solomon ibn Gabirol\, and Berna rd of Clairvaux.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Khayyam SUMMARY:Omar Khayyám · 1048–1131 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-diego-velazquez-q297 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15990606 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16600808 DESCRIPTION:Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez was a Spanish Baroque pa inter\, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Por tugal\, and of the Spanish Golden Age. He is generally considered one of t he greatest artists in the history of Western art.\n\nJune 6\, 1599 – Au gust 7\, 1660\; died at 61.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare \, Isaac Newton\, René Descartes\, Louis XIV of France\, and Miguel de Ce rvantes.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez SUMMARY:Diego Velázquez · 1599–1660 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-ibn-battuta-q7331 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13040303 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13780101 DESCRIPTION:Ibn Battuta was a Maghrebi Muslim traveller\, explorer\, and sc holar from Tangier\, Morocco. Over a 30-year period (1325–1354) he visit ed much of Africa\, Asia\, and the Iberian Peninsula. Near the end of his life\, Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys\, titled A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling\ , commonly known as The Rihla.\n\nMarch 3\, 1304 – 1377\; died at about 72.\nAlive at the same time as Dante Alighieri\, William of Ockham\, Giott o\, Bayezid I\, and Ibn Taymiyyah.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Ba ttuta SUMMARY:Ibn Battuta · 1304–1377 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-mu-ammad-ibn-musa-al-khwarizmi-q9038 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07800101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08510101 DESCRIPTION:Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\, or simply al-Khwarizmi was a m athematician active during the Islamic Golden Age\, who produced Arabic-la nguage works in mathematics\, astronomy\, and geography. Around 820\, he w orked at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad\, the contemporary capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate. One of the most prominent scholars of the period\, his works were widely influential on later authors\, both in the Islamic world and Europe.\n\n780 – 850\; died at about 70.\nAlive at the same ti me as Charlemagne\, Abu Nuwas\, Ādi Shankara\, Al-Shafi'i\, and Jabir ibn Hayyan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khwarizmi SUMMARY:Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi · 780–850 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-sun-tzu-q37151 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05430101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04940101 DESCRIPTION:Sun Tzu was a Chinese military general\, strategist\, philosoph er\, and writer who lived during the Eastern Zhou period. Sun Tzu is tradi tionally credited as the author of The Art of War\, a Classical Chinese te xt on military strategy from the Warring States period\, though the earlie st parts of the work probably date to at least a century after him.\n\n544 BC – 496 BC\; died at about 48.\nAlive at the same time as Confucius\, The Buddha\, Aeschylus\, Pythagoras\, and Cyrus the Great.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Tzu SUMMARY:Sun Tzu · 544–496 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003151Z UID:famous-lives-hafez-q6240 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13250101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13900101 DESCRIPTION:Khajeh Shams-od-Din Mohammad Hafez Shirazi (1325–1390)\, also known by his pen name Hafez\, was a Persian lyric poet whose collected wo rks are regarded by many Iranians as one of the highest pinnacles of Persi an literature. His works are often found in the homes of Persian speakers\ , who learn his poems by heart and use them as everyday proverbs and sayin gs. His life and poems have become the subjects of much analysis\, comment ary\, and interpretation\, influencing post-14th century Persian writing m ore than any other Persian author. He is also known by his sobriquet Lisan al-Ghayb.\n\n1325 – 1389\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Ibn Battuta\, Jan Hus\, Giotto\, Bayezid I\, and Geoffrey Chaucer.\n\nhtt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez SUMMARY:Hafez · 1325–1389 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-petrarch-q1401 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13040727 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13740801 DESCRIPTION:Francis Petrarch was an Italian scholar and poet of the early I talian Renaissance\, as well as one of the earliest Renaissance humanists. \n\nJuly 27\, 1304 – 1374\; died at about 69.\nAlive at the same time as Marco Polo\, William of Ockham\, Giotto\, Bayezid I\, and Ibn Taymiyyah.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrarch SUMMARY:Petrarch · 1304–1374 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-james-clerk-maxwell-q9095 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18310613 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18791106 DESCRIPTION:James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish physicist and mathematician who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation\ , which was the first theory to describe electricity\, magnetism and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. Maxwell's equations f or electromagnetism achieved the second great unification in physics\, whe re the first one had been realised by Isaac Newton. Maxwell was also key i n the creation of statistical mechanics.\n\nJune 13\, 1831 – November 5\ , 1879\; died at 48.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincol n\, Leo Tolstoy\, Vincent van Gogh\, and Frédéric Chopin.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell SUMMARY:James Clerk Maxwell · 1831–1879 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-jonathan-swift-q41166 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16671130 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17451020 DESCRIPTION:Jonathan Swift was an Irish writer\, essayist\, satirist\, and Anglican cleric. He was the author of the satirical prose novel Gulliver's Travels (1726) and the creator of the fictional island of Lilliput. He is regarded by many as the greatest satirist of the Georgian era and one of the foremost prose authors in the history of English and world literature. \n\nNovember 30\, 1667 – October 19\, 1745\; died at 77.\nAlive at the s ame time as Isaac Newton\, George Washington\, Johann Sebastian Bach\, Imm anuel Kant\, and Voltaire.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swift SUMMARY:Jonathan Swift · 1667–1745 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-thales-q36303 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06390101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05450101 DESCRIPTION:Thales of Miletus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Mil etus in Ionia\, Asia Minor. Thales was one of the Seven Sages\, founding f igures of Ancient Greece.\n\n640 BC – 547 BC\; died at about 92.\nAlive at the same time as The Buddha\, Cyrus the Great\, Sappho\, Pythagoras\, a nd Zoroaster.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus SUMMARY:Thales · 640–547 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-jacques-cartier-q7321 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14920109 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15571005 DESCRIPTION:Jacques Cartier was a French maritime explorer from Brittany. J acques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Sain t Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River\, which he named "Ca nada" after the Iroquoian names for the two big settlements he saw at Stad acona and at Hochelaga.\n\nJanuary 9\, 1492 – October 4\, 1557\; died at 65.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Michel de Montaigne.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier SUMMARY:Jacques Cartier · 1492–1557 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-murasaki-shikibu-q81731 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09700101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10320101 DESCRIPTION:Murasaki Shikibu \, or Shijo \, was a Japanese novelist\, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court in the Heian period. She was bes t known as the author of The Tale of Genji\, widely considered to be one o f the world's first novels\, written in Japanese between about 1000 and 10 12. Murasaki Shikibu is a descriptive name\; her personal name is unknown\ , but she may have been Fujiwara no Kaoruko (藤原香子)\, who was menti oned in a 1007 court diary as an imperial lady-in-waiting.\n\n970 – 1031 \; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Leif Erikson\, Sylvester II\, Vladimir the Great\, and Ferdowsi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Murasaki_Shikibu SUMMARY:Murasaki Shikibu · 970–1031 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-plutarch-q41523 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00450101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01280101 DESCRIPTION:Plutarch was a Greek and later Roman Middle Platonist philosoph er\, historian\, biographer\, essayist\, and priest at the Temple of Apoll o in Delphi. He is known primarily for his Parallel Lives\, a series of bi ographies of illustrious Greeks and Romans\, and Moralia\, a collection of essays and speeches. Upon becoming a Roman citizen\, he was possibly name d Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus.\n\n45 – 127\; died at about 81.\nAlive at the same time as Paul the Apostle\, Ptolemy\, Nero\, Pliny the Elder\, and Seneca.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarch SUMMARY:Plutarch · 45–127 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-montesquieu-q15975 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16890118 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17550211 DESCRIPTION:Charles Louis de Secondat\, baron de La Brède et de Montesquie u\, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu\, was a French jurist\, hi storian\, and political philosopher.\n\nJanuary 18\, 1689 – February 10\ , 1755\; died at 66.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, George Wash ington\, Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, and Immanuel Kant.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu SUMMARY:Montesquieu · 1689–1755 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-abu-nuwas-q5670 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07560101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08150101 DESCRIPTION:Abu Nuwas was a classical Arabic poet\, and the foremost repres entative of the modern (muhdath) poetry that developed during the first ye ars of the Abbasid Caliphate. He also entered the folkloric tradition\, ap pearing several times in One Thousand and One Nights.\n\n756 – 814\; die d at about 58.\nAlive at the same time as Charlemagne\, Muḥammad ibn Mus a al-Khwarizmi\, Ādi Shankara\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, and Du Fu.\n\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nuwas SUMMARY:Abu Nuwas · 756–814 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-thomas-hobbes-q37621 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15880405 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16791205 DESCRIPTION:Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher and political theorist \, best known for his 1651 book Leviathan\, in which he expounds an influe ntial formulation of social contract theory. He is considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy.\n\nApril 5\, 1588 – Decemb er 4\, 1679\; died at 91.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, Isaac Newton\, Rembrandt\, Elizabeth I of England\, and René Descartes.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes SUMMARY:Thomas Hobbes · 1588–1679 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-rumi-q43347 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12070930 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12730101 DESCRIPTION:Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī\, commonly known as Rumi\, was a Sufi mystic\, poet\, and founder of the Islamic brotherhood known as th e Mevlevi Order. His family hailed from Balkh. Rumi is an influential figu re in Sufism\, and his thought and works loom large both in Persian litera ture and mystic poetry in general. Today\, his translated works are enjoye d all over the world.\n\nSeptember 30\, 1207 – 1272\; died at about 64.\ nAlive at the same time as Marco Polo\, Genghis Khan\, Thomas Aquinas\, Fr ancis of Assisi\, and Fibonacci.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi SUMMARY:Rumi · 1207–1272 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-seneca-q2054 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00061231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00650411 DESCRIPTION:Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger\, usually known mononymously as Seneca\, was a Stoic philosopher of Ancient Rome\, a statesman\, a dram atist\, and in one work (Apocolocyntosis) a satirist from the post-Augusta n age of Latin literature.\n\nc. 10 BC – April 10\, 65\; died at about 7 5.\nAlive at the same time as Jesus Christ\, Augustus\, Ovid\, Paul the Ap ostle\, and Plutarch.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger SUMMARY:Seneca · c. 10 BC–65 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-constantine-the-great-q8413 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02720227 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03380101 DESCRIPTION:Constantine I\, also known as Constantine the Great\, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Chr istianity. He played a pivotal role in elevating the status of Christianit y in the Roman Empire\, the Edict of Milan decriminalising Christian pract ice and ceasing Christian persecution. This was a turning point in the Chr istianisation of the Roman Empire. He founded the city of Constantinople a nd made it the capital of the Empire\, which it remained for over a millen nium.\n\nFebruary 27\, 272 – 337\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Sylvester I\, Diophantus of Alexandria\, Porphyry\, Ausonius\, and Mark.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great SUMMARY:Constantine the Great · 272–337 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-euripides-q48305 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04790915 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04050101 DESCRIPTION:Euripides was a Greek tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles\, he is one of the three authors of Greek tragedy whose name is ascribed to surviving plays. Some ancient scholars attribut ed ninety-five plays to him\, but the Suda says it was ninety-two at most. Nineteen plays attributed to Euripides have survived more or less complet e\, although one of these (Rhesus) is often considered not to be genuinely his work. Many fragments survive from most of his other plays. More of hi s plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles togethe r\, partly because his popularity grew as theirs declined: he became\, in the Hellenistic Age\, a cornerstone of ancient literary education\, along with Homer\, Demosthenes\, and Menander.\n\nSeptember 15\, 480 BC – 407 BC\; died at about 72.\nAlive at the same time as Plato\, The Buddha\, Hip pocrates\, Thucydides\, and Socrates.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur ipides SUMMARY:Euripides · 480–407 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-erasmus-q43499 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14661106 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15360713 DESCRIPTION:Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus\, commonly known in English as E rasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus\, was a Dutch humanist\, theologian\ , and philosopher. He was\, through his writings and translations\, one of the most influential scholars of the Northern Renaissance and a major fig ure of Western culture.\n\nNovember 6\, 1466 – July 12\, 1536\; died at 69.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Michelangelo\, Christop her Columbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina .\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus SUMMARY:Erasmus · 1466–1536 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-saladin-q8581 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11380101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11930312 DESCRIPTION:Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub\, commonly known as Saladin\, was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and the first sultan of both Egypt and Syria. A Sunni Muslim ruler of Kurdish origin\, Saladin was an important f igure of the Third Crusade and spearheaded the Muslim military effort agai nst the Crusader states in the Levant. At the height of his power\, the Ay yubid realm spanned Egypt\, Syria\, Upper Mesopotamia\, the Hejaz\, Yemen\ , and Nubia.\n\n1138 – March 11\, 1193\; died at about 55.\nAlive at the same time as Francis of Assisi\, Averroes\, Zhu Xi\, Fibonacci\, and Geng his Khan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin SUMMARY:Saladin · 1138–1193 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-aeschylus-q40939 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05240101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04540101 DESCRIPTION:Aeschylus was an ancient Greek tragedian\, often described as t he father of tragedy. Academic knowledge of the genre begins with his work \, and understanding of earlier Greek tragedy is largely based on inferenc es made from reading his surviving plays. According to Aristotle\, he expa nded the number of characters in the theatre and allowed conflict among th em. Formerly\, characters interacted only with the chorus.\n\n525 BC – 4 56 BC\; died at about 69.\nAlive at the same time as Confucius\, The Buddh a\, Sun Tzu\, Socrates\, and Sophocles.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A eschylus SUMMARY:Aeschylus · 525–456 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-zheng-he-q7333 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13710101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14360101 DESCRIPTION:Zheng He was a Chinese admiral and diplomat from the early Ming dynasty. His extensive explorations along the Indian Ocean led to a major increase in China's political and commercial influence. He was born into a Muslim family as Ma He and later adopted the surname Zheng conferred ont o him by the Yongle Emperor. He is also widely known in Chinese culture by the alias San Bao (三宝/三保)\, also spelled Sam Po\, which in names of Southeast Asian temples can refer either to him or to the Three Jewels of Buddhism.\n\n1371 – 1435\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Joan of Arc\, Johannes Gutenberg\, Geoffrey Chaucer\, Jan Hus\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_He SUMMARY:Zheng He · 1371–1435 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-umar-ibn-al-khattab-q8467 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05860101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06450101 DESCRIPTION:Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second Rashidun caliph\, ruling fro m August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Mu hammad.\n\n586 – 644\; died at about 57.\nAlive at the same time as Muha mmad\, Brahmagupta\, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite\, Alī ibn Abī Ṭā lib\, and Abu Bakr.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar SUMMARY:Umar ibn Al-Khattāb · 586–644 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-democritus-q41980 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04561231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03550101 DESCRIPTION:Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Abdera\, p rimarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the u niverse. Democritus wrote extensively on a wide variety of topics.\n\nc. 4 60 BC – c. 360 BC\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Sophoc les\, Hippocrates\, Thucydides\, Apelles\, and Aristotle.\n\nhttps://en.wi kipedia.org/wiki/Democritus SUMMARY:Democritus · c. 460–c. 360 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-giovanni-boccaccio-q1402 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13130624 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13760101 DESCRIPTION:Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian writer\, poet\, correspondent of Petrarch\, and an important Renaissance humanist. Born in the town of Certaldo\, he gained sufficient notoriety to be known simply as "the Certa ldese". Boccaccio ranked among the most important figures in the European literary panorama of the fourteenth century. Some scholars define him as t he greatest European prose writer of his time\, a versatile writer who ama lgamated different literary trends and genres\, making them converge in or iginal works\, thanks to a creative activity exercised under the banner of experimentalism.\n\nJune 24\, 1313 – 1375\; died at about 61.\nAlive at the same time as Marco Polo\, William of Ockham\, Giotto\, Bayezid I\, an d Ibn Taymiyyah.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio SUMMARY:Giovanni Boccaccio · 1313–1375 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ali-ibn-abi-alib-q39619 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05990319 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06620101 DESCRIPTION:Ali ibn Abi Talib was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 CE until his assassination in 661\, as well as the first Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Born to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Fatima bint Asad\, Ali was raised in the household of his cousin Muhammad and was among the first to accept his te achings.\n\nMarch 19\, 599 – 661\; died at about 61.\nAlive at the same time as Muhammad\, Brahmagupta\, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite\, Umar ib n Al-Khattāb\, and Abu Bakr.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali SUMMARY:Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib · 599–661 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-cyrus-the-great-q8423 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05990101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05280101 DESCRIPTION:Cyrus II of Persia\, commonly known as Cyrus the Great\, was th e founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Hailing from Persis\, he brought the A chaemenid dynasty to power by defeating the Median Empire and embracing al l of the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East\, expanding va stly across most of West Asia and much of Central Asia to create what woul d soon become the largest empire in history at the time. The Achaemenid Em pire's greatest territorial extent was achieved under Darius the Great\, w hose rule stretched from Southeast Europe and Northeast Africa in the west to the Indus Valley in the east.\n\n600 BC – 530 BC\; died at about 69. \nAlive at the same time as Confucius\, The Buddha\, Sappho\, Pythagoras\, and Sun Tzu.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great SUMMARY:Cyrus the Great · 600–530 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-giordano-bruno-q36330 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15480101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16010101 DESCRIPTION:Giordano Bruno was an Italian philosopher\, Dominican friar and priest\, poet\, alchemist\, astronomer\, cosmological theorist\, and esot ericist. He is known for his cosmological theories\, which conceptually ex tended to include the then-novel Copernican model. He practised Hermeticis m and took a mystical approach to exploring the universe. He proposed that the stars were distant suns surrounded by their own planets (exoplanets)\ , and he raised the possibility that these planets might foster life of th eir own\, a cosmological position known as cosmic pluralism. He also insis ted that the universe is infinite and can have no centre.\n\n1548 – 1600 \; died at about 51.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, Mich elangelo\, Elizabeth I of England\, Johannes Kepler\, and John Calvin.\n\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giordano_Bruno SUMMARY:Giordano Bruno · 1548–1600 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-epicurus-q43216 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03410101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02680101 DESCRIPTION:Epicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded the philo sophical school of Epicureanism\, which teaches that management of one's d esires\, removal of unnecessary fears\, friendship\, and virtuous living l ead to a pleasant life and constant happiness\, the highest good.\n\n342 B C – 270 BC\; died at about 72.\nAlive at the same time as Alexander the Great\, Archimedes\, Chanakya\, Apelles\, and Aristotle.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Epicurus SUMMARY:Epicurus · 342–270 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-aristophanes-q43353 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04490101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03860101 DESCRIPTION:Aristophanes was an Ancient Greek comic playwright from Athens. He wrote forty plays\, of which eleven survive virtually complete. The ma jority of his surviving plays belong to the genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy and are considered its most valuable examples. Aristophanes's p lays were performed at the religious festivals of Athens\, mostly the City Dionysia and the Lenaia\, and several of them won the first prize in thei r respective competitions.\n\n450 BC – 388 BC\; died at about 62.\nAlive at the same time as Plato\, Hippocrates\, Thucydides\, Socrates\, and Sop hocles.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristophanes SUMMARY:Aristophanes · 450–388 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-sappho-q17892 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06290101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05680101 DESCRIPTION:Sappho was an ancient Greek poet from Eresos or Mytilene on the island of Lesbos. She is known for her lyric poetry\, written to be sung while accompanied by music. In ancient times\, she was widely regarded as one of the greatest lyric poets and was given names such as the "Tenth Mus e" and "The Poetess". Most of Sappho's poetry is now lost\, and what is no t has mostly survived in fragmentary form\; only the Ode to Aphrodite is c ertainly complete. As well as lyric poetry\, ancient commentators claimed that Sappho wrote elegiac and iambic poetry. Three epigrams formerly attri buted to Sappho have survived\, but these are actually Hellenistic imitati ons of Sappho's style.\n\n630 BC – 570 BC\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Pythagoras\, Cyrus the Great\, Zoroaster\, Thales\, and A naximander.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sappho SUMMARY:Sappho · 630–570 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-heraclitus-q41155 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05340101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04650101 DESCRIPTION:Heraclitus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from the city o f Ephesus\, which was then part of the Persian Empire. He exerts a wide in fluence on Western philosophy\, both ancient and modern\, through the work s of such authors as Plato\, Aristotle\, the Stoics\, Georg Wilhelm Friedr ich Hegel\, Friedrich Nietzsche\, and Martin Heidegger.\n\n535 BC – c. 4 70 BC\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as The Buddha\, Sophocle s\, Sun Tzu\, Confucius\, and Pythagoras.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Heraclitus SUMMARY:Heraclitus · 535–c. 470 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-john-keats-q82083 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17951031 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18210224 DESCRIPTION:John Keats was an English poet of the second generation of Roma ntic poets\, along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. His poems had been in publication for less than four years when he died of tuberculosis at the age of 25. They were indifferently received in his lifetime\, but his fame grew rapidly after his death. By the end of the century\, he was placed in the canon of English literature\, strongly influencing many writ ers of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood\; the Encyclopædia Britannica of 18 88 described his "Ode to a Nightingale" as "one of the final masterpieces" .\n\nOctober 31\, 1795 – February 23\, 1821\; died at 25.\nAlive at the same time as Abraham Lincoln\, Charles Darwin\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Nap oleon\, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J ohn_Keats SUMMARY:John Keats · 1795–1821 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-chanakya-q9045 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03740101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02810101 DESCRIPTION:Chanakya\, according to legendary narratives preserved in vario us traditions dating from the 4th to 11th century CE\, was a Brahmin who a ssisted the first Mauryan emperor Chandragupta in his rise to power and th e establishment of the Maurya Empire. According to these narratives\, Chan akya served as the chief adviser and prime minister to both emperors Chand ragupta Maurya and his son Bindusara.\n\n375 BC – 283 BC\; died at about 92.\nAlive at the same time as Aristotle\, Alexander the Great\, Euclid\, Apelles\, and Plato.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya SUMMARY:Chanakya · 375–283 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-zoroaster-q35811 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06270101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05490101 DESCRIPTION:Zarathushtra\, more commonly known as Zoroaster or Zarathustra\ , was an Iranian religious reformer who challenged the tenets of the conte mporary Ancient Iranian religion\, becoming the spiritual founder of Zoroa strianism. In the oldest Zoroastrian scriptures\, the Gathas\, which he is traditionally believed to have authored\, he is described as a preacher a nd a poet-prophet. Some have claimed\, with much scholarly controversy\, t o find his influence in Heraclitus\, Plato\, Pythagoras\, and\, perhaps le ss controversially\, in the Abrahamic religions\, including Judaism\, Chri stianity\, and Islam\, particularly through concepts of cosmic dualism and personal morality.\n\n628 BC – 551 BC\; died at about 76.\nAlive at the same time as Pythagoras\, Cyrus the Great\, Sappho\, The Buddha\, and Tha les.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroaster SUMMARY:Zoroaster · 628–551 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-hannibal-q36456 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02460101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01810101 DESCRIPTION:Hannibal was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded the forces of Carthage in their battle against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War. Hannibal lived during a period of great tension in t he Mediterranean Basin\, triggered by the emergence of the Roman Republic as a great power with its defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. Revan chism prevailed in Carthage\, symbolized by the pledge that Hannibal made to his father to "never be a friend of Rome".\n\n247 BC – 183 BC\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Archimedes\, Plautus\, Xunzi\, Qin Shi Huang\, and Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal SUMMARY:Hannibal · 247–183 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-michel-de-montaigne-q41568 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15330310 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15920913 DESCRIPTION:Michel Eyquem\, Seigneur de Montaigne\, commonly known as just Michel de Montaigne\, was one of the most significant writers of the Frenc h Renaissance. He is known for popularising the essay as a literary genre. His work is noted for its merging of casual anecdotes and autobiography w ith intellectual insight. Montaigne had a direct influence on numerous wri ters of Western literature\; his Essais contain some of the most influenti al essays ever written.\n\nMarch 10\, 1533 – September 12\, 1592\; died at 59.\nAlive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Nicolaus Copernicus\, Francis Bacon\, and Elizabeth I of England.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne SUMMARY:Michel de Montaigne · 1533–1592 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-solomon-q37085 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-09890101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-09290101 DESCRIPTION:Solomon\, also called Jedidiah\, was a king of the Kingdom of I srael. The successor of his father David\, he is described as the penultim ate ruler of all Twelve Tribes of Israel under a united Israel and Judah. His reign is hypothesized to have lasted from c. 970–931 BCE. Accordin g to the biblical narrative\, his reign brought commercial prosperity thro ugh alliances and trade\, but his accumulation of wealth\, horses\, and fo reign wives\, many of whom introduced idolatry\, led to divine punishment. After Solomon's death\, his son Rehoboam’s harsh policies led the north ern Israelites to reject the Davidic line and follow Jeroboam\, splitting the kingdom into Israel in the north and Judah in the south\, according to the Hebrew Bible.\n\n990 BC – 931 BC\; died at about 59.\nAlive at the same time as David and Rehoboam.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon SUMMARY:Solomon · 990–931 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-francis-of-assisi-q676555 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11820701 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12270101 DESCRIPTION:Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone\, known as Saint Francis of As sisi\, was an Italian mystic\, poet and Catholic friar who founded the rel igious order of the Franciscans.\n\nJuly 1\, 1182 – 1226\; died at about 43.\nAlive at the same time as Genghis Khan\, Rumi\, Zhu Xi\, Fibonacci\, and Saladin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi SUMMARY:Francis of Assisi · 1182–1226 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-du-fu-q33772 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07120101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07710101 DESCRIPTION:Du Fu was a Chinese poet and government official of the Tang dy nasty. Together with his older contemporary and friend Li Bai\, he is one of the principal poets associated with Tang poetry. Nearly 1\,500 poems at tributed to him survive.\n\n712 – 770\; died at about 58.\nAlive at the same time as Charlemagne\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, Li Bai\, Abu Nuwas\, and Jabir ibn Hayyan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_Fu SUMMARY:Du Fu · 712–770 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ptolemy-q34943 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00850101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01660101 DESCRIPTION:Claudius Ptolemy\, better known mononymously as Ptolemy\, was a Greco-Roman who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises\, three of which were important to later Byzantine\, Islamic\, and Western European scienc e. The first was his astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest\, ori ginally entitled Mathēmatikḗ Syntaxis. The second is the Geography\, wh ich is a thorough discussion on maps and the geographic knowledge of the G reco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise in which he attem pted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day. This is sometimes known as the Apotelesmatika but more commonl y known as the Tetrábiblos.\n\n85 – 165\; died at about 80.\nAlive at t he same time as Marcus Aurelius\, Plutarch\, John the Apostle\, Apuleius\, and Nagarjuna.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy SUMMARY:Ptolemy · 85–165 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-nero-q1413 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00371213 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00680608 DESCRIPTION:Nero was Roman emperor from AD 54 until his suicide in AD 68\ , as the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.\n\nDecember 13\, 37 – June 7\, 68\; died at 30.\nAlive at the same time as Paul the Apostle\ , Plutarch\, Pliny the Elder\, Seneca\, and Epictetus.\n\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/Nero SUMMARY:Nero · 37–68 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-john-calvin-q37577 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15090720 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15640607 DESCRIPTION:John Calvin was a French theologian\, pastor and reformer in Ge neva during the Protestant Reformation. He was the principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism\, including its doctrines of predestination and of God's absolute sovereignt y in the salvation of the human soul from death and eternal damnation. Cal vinist doctrines were influenced by and elaborated upon Augustinian and ot her Christian traditions. Various Reformed Church movements\, including Co ntinental Reformed\, Congregationalism\, Presbyterianism\, Waldensians\, B aptist Reformed\, Calvinist Methodism\, and Reformed Anglican Churches\, w hich look to Calvin as the chief expositor of their beliefs\, have spread throughout the world.\n\nJuly 20\, 1509 – June 6\, 1564\; died at 54.\nA live at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Michelangelo\, Miguel de Cerv antes\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Ferdinand Magellan.\n\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/John_Calvin SUMMARY:John Calvin · 1509–1564 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-thucydides-q41683 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04561231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03930101 DESCRIPTION:Thucydides was an Athenian historian and general. His History o f the Peloponnesian War recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "s cientific history" by those who accept his claims to have applied strict s tandards of impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect\, without reference to intervention by the gods\, as outlined in hi s introduction to his work.\n\nc. 460 BC – 395 BC\; died at about 66.\nA live at the same time as Plato\, Sophocles\, Hippocrates\, Socrates\, and Euripides.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides SUMMARY:Thucydides · c. 460–395 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-david-q41370 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-10390101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-09670101 DESCRIPTION:David was a leader of the Tribe of Judah who became the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel\, according to the Hebrew Bible and O ld Testament.\n\n1040 BC – 969 BC\; died at about 70.\nAlive at the same time as Solomon and Saul.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David SUMMARY:David · 1040–969 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-averroes-q39837 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11260421 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11981218 DESCRIPTION:Ibn Rushd\, Latinized as Averroes\, was an Andalusian polymath and jurist who was proficient in a variety of intellectual fields\, includ ing philosophy\, theology\, medicine\, astronomy\, physics\, psychology\, mathematics\, neurology\, Islamic jurisprudence\, law\, and linguistics. T he author of more than 100 books and treatises\, his philosophical works i nclude numerous commentaries on Aristotle\, for which he was known in the Western world as "The Commentator" and "Father of Rationalism".\n\nApril 2 1\, 1126 – December 17\, 1198\; died at 72.\nAlive at the same time as G enghis Khan\, Francis of Assisi\, Zhu Xi\, Fibonacci\, and Saladin.\n\nhtt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averroes SUMMARY:Averroes · 1126–1198 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-caligula-q1409 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00120829 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00410123 DESCRIPTION:Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus\, also called Gaius or Caligula\, was the third Roman emperor\, ruling from AD 37 until his assas sination in AD 41. He was the son of the Roman general Germanicus and Agri ppina the Elder\, Augustus's granddaughter\, members of the first ruling f amily of the Roman Empire. He was born two years before Tiberius became em peror. Gaius accompanied his father\, mother and siblings on campaign in G ermania\, at little more than four or five years old. He had been named af ter Gaius Julius Caesar\, but his father's soldiers affectionately nicknam ed him "Caligula".\n\nAugust 29\, 12 – January 22\, 41\; died at 28.\nAl ive at the same time as Jesus Christ\, Seneca\, Pliny the Elder\, Paul the Apostle\, and Tiberius.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula SUMMARY:Caligula · 12–41 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-abu-bakr-q334923 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05731029 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06340824 DESCRIPTION:Abu Bakr\, born Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa\, was a senior compani on\, closest friend\, and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad wh o served as the first Rashidun caliph\, ruling from 632 until his death in 634. Abu Bakr was granted the honorific title al-Ṣiddīq by Muhammad\, a designation that continues to be used by Sunni Muslims to this day.\n\nO ctober 29\, 573 – August 23\, 634\; died at 60.\nAlive at the same time as Muhammad\, Brahmagupta\, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite\, Umar ibn Al- Khattāb\, and Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab u_Bakr SUMMARY:Abu Bakr · 573–634 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ferdowsi-q43459 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09400108 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10210101 DESCRIPTION:Abul-Qāsem Mansur bin Hasan Tosi (940–1025)\, better known b y his pen name Ferdowsi\, was a Persian poet who is notable for being the author of the Shahnameh\, which is one of the world's longest epic poems c reated by a single poet\, and the greatest epic of the Persian-speaking co untries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.\n \nJanuary 8\, 940 – 1020\; died at about 79.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Leif Erikson\, Farabi\, Sylvester II\, and Vladimir the Great.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdowsi SUMMARY:Ferdowsi · 940–1020 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-zhu-xi-q9397 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11301025 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12000501 DESCRIPTION:Zhu Xi\, formerly romanized Chu Hsi\, was a Chinese philosopher \, historian\, politician\, poet\, and calligrapher of the Southern Song d ynasty. As a leading figure in the development of Neo-Confucianism\, Zhu X i played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual foundations of later i mperial China. He sought to integrate moral self-cultivation\, classical i nterpretation\, ritual practice\, and cosmological theory into a coherent framework\, emphasizing disciplined study and ethical cultivation while cr iticizing approaches—particularly within contemporary Buddhist tradition s—that claimed immediate insight detached from ritual\, learning\, and m oral practice. His extensive commentaries and editorial work on the Four B ooks became the core texts of the imperial civil service examinations from 1313 until their abolition in 1905. He advanced a rigorous philosophical methodology known as the "investigation of things" (格物) and emphasized meditation as an essential practice for moral and intellectual self-culti vation. Zhu Xi's thought exerted profound influence\, becoming the officia l state ideology of China from the Yuan dynasty onward\, and was later ado pted in other East Asian countries such as Japan\, Korea\, and Vietnam. In these regions\, his Neo-Confucian doctrines were institutionalized throug h educational systems and civil service examinations\, shaping political i deologies\, social hierarchies\, and cultural values for centuries.\n\nOct ober 25\, 1130 – April 30\, 1200\; died at 69.\nAlive at the same time a s Genghis Khan\, Francis of Assisi\, Averroes\, Fibonacci\, and Saladin.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu_Xi SUMMARY:Zhu Xi · 1130–1200 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-xenophon-q129772 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04290101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03520101 DESCRIPTION:Xenophon of Athens was a Greek military leader\, philosopher\, economist\, and historian. At the age of 30\, he was elected as one of the leaders of the retreating Greek mercenaries\, the Ten Thousand\, who had been part of Cyrus the Younger's attempt to seize control of the Achaemeni d Empire. As the military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote\, "the ce nturies since have devised nothing to surpass the genius of this warrior". \n\n430 BC – 354 BC\; died at about 76.\nAlive at the same time as Sopho cles\, Hippocrates\, Thucydides\, Apelles\, and Aristotle.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophon SUMMARY:Xenophon · 430–354 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-hesiod-q44233 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-07750101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-06500101 DESCRIPTION:Hesiod was an Ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC\, around the same time as Homer.\n\n776 BC – c. 700 BC\; died at about 74.\nAlive at the same time as Ashurbanipal\ , Amos\, Homer\, Archilochus of Paros\, and Sennacherib.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Hesiod SUMMARY:Hesiod · 776–c. 700 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-hammurabi-q36359 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-18090101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-17480101 DESCRIPTION:Hammurabi\, also spelled Hammurapi\, was the sixth Amorite king of Babylon\, reigning from c. 1792 BC to c. 1750 BC. He was preceded by his father\, Sin-muballit.\n\n1810 BC – 1750 BC\; died at about 60.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammurabi SUMMARY:Hammurabi · 1810–1750 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-fibonacci-q8763 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11700101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12510101 DESCRIPTION:Leonardo Bonacci\, also Leonardo da Pisa\, commonly known as Fi bonacci\, was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa\, conside red to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".\n\ n1170 – 1250\; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same time as Genghis Khan \, Thomas Aquinas\, Rumi\, Francis of Assisi\, and Saladin.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci SUMMARY:Fibonacci · 1170–1250 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-pliny-the-elder-q82778 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00230101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00790823 DESCRIPTION:Gaius Plinius Secundus\, known in English as Pliny the Elder\, was a Roman author\, naturalist\, scientist\, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire\, procurator\, and friend of the emperor Vespasian. Pliny wrote the encyclopedic Naturalis Historia\, a thirty-seven-volume w ork covering a vast array of topics on human knowledge and the natural wor ld\, which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He spent most of h is spare time studying\, writing\, and investigating natural and geographi c phenomena in the field.\n\n23 – August 22\, 79\; died at about 56.\nAl ive at the same time as Jesus Christ\, Plutarch\, Nero\, Paul the Apostle\ , and Seneca.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder SUMMARY:Pliny the Elder · 23–79 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-lope-de-vega-q165257 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15621205 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16350828 DESCRIPTION:Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio was a Spanish playwright\, poet\, and novelist who was a key figure in the Spanish Golden Age (1492–1659) of Baroque literature. In the literature of Spain\, Lope de Vega is often considered second only to Miguel de Cervantes. Cervantes said that Lope de Vega was “The Phoenix of Wits” and “Monster of Nature”.\n\nDecemb er 5\, 1562 – August 27\, 1635\; died at 72.\nAlive at the same time as René Descartes\, Rembrandt\, Blaise Pascal\, Elizabeth I of England\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_d e_Vega SUMMARY:Lope de Vega · 1562–1635 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-brahmagupta-q202943 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05980101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06660101 DESCRIPTION:Brahmagupta was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who is c redited as the first person to understand and formalize the concept of the number zero for nothing in mathematics. He is the author of two early wor ks on mathematics and astronomy: the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\, a theoret ical treatise\, and the Khandakhadyaka\, a more practical text. He is also credited with the first clear description of the quadratic formula in his main work\, the Brāhma-sphuṭa-siddhānta.\n\n598 – 665\; died at abo ut 67.\nAlive at the same time as Muhammad\, Umar ibn Al-Khattāb\, Pseudo -Dionysius the Areopagite\, Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib\, and Abu Bakr.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta SUMMARY:Brahmagupta · 598–665 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-lucretius-q47154 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00930101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00541014 DESCRIPTION:Titus Lucretius Carus was a Roman poet and philosopher. His onl y known work is the philosophical poem De rerum natura\, a didactic work a bout the tenets and philosophy of Epicureanism\, which usually is translat ed into English as On the Nature of Things—and somewhat less often as On the Nature of the Universe. \nVery little is known about Lucretius's life \; the only certainty is that he was either a friend or client of Gaius Me mmius\, to whom the poem was addressed and dedicated. De rerum natura was a considerable influence on the Augustan poets\, particularly Virgil and H orace. The work was almost lost during the Middle Ages\, but was rediscove red in 1417 in a monastery in Germany by Poggio Bracciolini. It played an important role both in the development of atomism and the efforts of vario us figures of the Enlightenment era to construct a new Christian humanism. \n\n94 BC – October 13\, 55 BC\; died at about 39.\nAlive at the same ti me as Julius Caesar\, Strabo\, Aglaonike\, Virgil\, and Cicero.\n\nhttps:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucretius SUMMARY:Lucretius · 94–55 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-mehmed-ii-q34503 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14320408 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14810513 DESCRIPTION:Mehmed II\, commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror\, was the su ltan of the Ottoman Empire twice\, from August 1444 to September 1446 and again from February 1451 to May 1481.\n\nApril 8\, 1432 – May 12\, 1481\ ; died at 49.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Christopher C olumbus\, Erasmus\, François Villon\, and Nicholas of Cusa.\n\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_II SUMMARY:Mehmed II · 1432–1481 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-catullus-q163079 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00830101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00520101 DESCRIPTION:Gaius Valerius Catullus\, known as Catullus\, was a Latin neote ric poet of the late Roman Republic. His surviving works remain widely rea d due to their popularity as teaching tools and because of their personal or sexual themes.\n\n84 BC – 54 BC\; died at about 29.\nAlive at the sam e time as Julius Caesar\, Strabo\, Aglaonike\, Virgil\, and Cicero.\n\nhtt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catullus SUMMARY:Catullus · 84–54 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-nagarjuna-q171195 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02510101 DESCRIPTION:Nāgārjuna was an Indian scholar-monk\, philosopher\, and teac her (acharya) of Mahayana Buddhism from south India. He is considered the founder of the Madhyamaka school.\n\n150 – 250\; died at about 100.\nAli ve at the same time as Marcus Aurelius\, Ptolemy\, Apuleius\, Tertullian\, and Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarjuna SUMMARY:Nagarjuna · 150–250 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-justinian-i-q41866 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04820512 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05651117 DESCRIPTION:Justinian I\, also known as Justinian the Great\, was Roman emp eror from 527 to 565.\nHis reign was marked by the ambitious but only part ly realized renovatio imperii. This ambition was expressed by the partial recovery of the territories of the defunct Western Roman Empire.\n\nMay 12 \, 482 – November 16\, 565\; died at 83.\nAlive at the same time as Greg ory I\, Aryabhata\, Boethius\, Benedict of Nursia\, and Clovis I.\n\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I SUMMARY:Justinian I · 482–565 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-tiberius-q1407 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00411114 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00370315 DESCRIPTION:Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus was the second Roman emperor fr om AD 14 until his death\, reigning as the second ruler of the Julio-Claud ian dynasty. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus\, the first Roman empero r. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to politician Tiberius Claudius Nero and his wife\, Livia Drusilla. In 38 BC\, Livia divorced Nero and married Augustus. Following the untimely deaths of Augustus's two grandsons and a dopted heirs\, Gaius and Lucius Caesar\, Tiberius was designated Augustus' s successor. Prior to this\, Tiberius had proved himself an able diplomat and one of the most successful Roman generals. His conquests of Pannonia\, Dalmatia\, Raetia\, and (temporarily) parts of Germania laid the foundati ons for the empire's northern frontier.\n\nNovember 14\, 42 BC – March 1 4\, 37\; died at 77.\nAlive at the same time as Jesus Christ\, Virgil\, Se neca\, Augustus\, and Ovid.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberius SUMMARY:Tiberius · 42 BC–37 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-pericles-q80398 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04940101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04270101 DESCRIPTION:Pericles was a Greek statesman \nand general during the Golden Age of Athens. He was prominent and influential in Ancient Athenian politi cs\, particularly between the Greco-Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War \, and was acclaimed by Thucydides\, a contemporary historian\, as "the fi rst citizen of Athens". Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponne sian War. The period during which he led Athens as its preeminent orator a nd statesman\, roughly from 461 to 429 BC\, is sometimes known as the "Age of Pericles"\, but the period thus denoted can include times as early as the Persian Wars or as late as the following century.\n\n495 BC – 429 BC \; died at about 65.\nAlive at the same time as Confucius\, The Buddha\, S ophocles\, Hippocrates\, and Socrates.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe ricles SUMMARY:Pericles · 495–429 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-epictetus-q183144 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01260101 DESCRIPTION:Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was born into slave ry at Hierapolis\, Phrygia and lived in Rome until his banishment\, after which he spent the rest of his life in Nicopolis in northwestern Greece.\n \n50 – 125\; died at about 75.\nAlive at the same time as Paul the Apost le\, Ptolemy\, Nero\, Pliny the Elder\, and Plutarch.\n\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Epictetus SUMMARY:Epictetus · 50–125 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ivan-the-terrible-q7996 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15300825 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15840329 DESCRIPTION:Ivan IV Vasilyevich\, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible\, was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsa r and Grand Prince of all Russia from 1547 until his death in 1584. Ivan's reign was characterised by Russia's transformation from a medieval state to a fledgling empire\, but at an immense cost to its people and long-term economy.\n\nAugust 25\, 1530 – March 28\, 1584\; died at 53.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Nico laus Copernicus\, and Francis Bacon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan _the_Terrible SUMMARY:Ivan the Terrible · 1530–1584 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-giovanni-pierluigi-da-palestrina-q179277 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15250101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15940203 DESCRIPTION:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian composer of lat e Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School\, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de Victoria\, Palestrina is considered the leading composer of late 16th-century Europe. Palestrina was one of th e few Renaissance composers never entirely forgotten\, but it was the so-c alled "Palestrinian style" of counterpoint—especially as codified by Joh ann Joseph Fux—rather than his individual compositions that exerted the greatest influence.\n\n1525 – February 2\, 1594\; died at about 69.\nAli ve at the same time as William Shakespeare\, Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\ , Nicolaus Copernicus\, and Francis Bacon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina SUMMARY:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina · 1525–1594 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-strabo-q45936 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00650101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00220101 DESCRIPTION:Strabo was a Greek geographer who was born in Asia Minor and li ved from 64 or 63 BC to c. 24 AD. He is best known for his work Geograp hica\, which presented a descriptive history of people and places from dif ferent regions of the world known during his lifetime. Additionally\, Stra bo authored historical works\, but only fragments and quotations of these survive in the writings of other authors.\n\n66 BC – 21\; died at about 86.\nAlive at the same time as Jesus Christ\, Julius Caesar\, Virgil\, Agl aonike\, and Augustus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabo SUMMARY:Strabo · 66 BC–21 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-trajan-q1425 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00530913 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01180101 DESCRIPTION:Trajan was a Roman emperor from AD 98 to 117\, remembered as t he second of the Five Good Emperors of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. He wa s a philanthropic ruler and a successful soldier-emperor who presided over one of the greatest military expansions in Roman history\, during which\, by the time of his death\, the Roman Empire reached its maximum territori al extent. He was given the title of optimus princeps by the Roman Senate. \n\nSeptember 13\, 53 – 117\; died at about 63.\nAlive at the same time as Paul the Apostle\, Plutarch\, Ptolemy\, Pliny the Elder\, and Seneca.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajan SUMMARY:Trajan · 53–117 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-hypatia-q11903 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03600101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04150401 DESCRIPTION:Hypatia was a Neoplatonist philosopher\, astronomer\, and mathe matician who lived in Alexandria\, at that time in the province of Egypt a nd a major city of the Roman Empire. In Alexandria\, Hypatia was a promine nt thinker who taught subjects including philosophy and astronomy\, and in her lifetime was renowned as a great teacher and a wise counselor. Not th e only fourth century Alexandrian female mathematician\, Hypatia was prece ded by Pandrosion. However\, Hypatia is the first female mathematician who se life is reasonably well recorded. She wrote a commentary on Diophantus' s thirteen-volume Arithmetica\, which may survive in part\, having been in terpolated into Diophantus's original text\, and another commentary on Apo llonius of Perga's treatise on conic sections\, which has not survived. Ma ny modern scholars also believe that Hypatia may have edited the surviving text of Ptolemy's Almagest\, based on the title of her father Theon's com mentary on Book III of the Almagest.\n\n360 – 415\; died at about 55.\nA live at the same time as Augustine of Hippo\, Alaric I\, Ausonius\, Jerome \, and John Chrysostom.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia SUMMARY:Hypatia · 360–415 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-vespasian-q1419 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00091115 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00790603 DESCRIPTION:Vespasian was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The last emperor to reign in the Year of the Four Emperors\, he founded the Flavian dynasty\, which ruled the empire for 27 years. His fiscal reforms and consolidation of the empire brought political stability and an extensive building progra m.\n\nNovember 15\, 9 – June 2\, 79\; died at 69.\nAlive at the same tim e as Jesus Christ\, Plutarch\, Pliny the Elder\, Paul the Apostle\, and Se neca.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasian SUMMARY:Vespasian · 9–79 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-william-the-conqueror-q37594 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10281114 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10870916 DESCRIPTION:William the Conqueror\, sometimes called William the Bastard\, was the first Norman king of England\, reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo\, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. By 1060 \, following a long struggle\, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066\, following the death of Edward the Confessor\, William invaded England\, le ading a Franco-Norman army to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harol d Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings. He suppressed subsequent English re volts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his lif e was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his con tinental lands\, and by difficulties with his eldest son\, Robert Curthose .\n\nNovember 14\, 1028 – September 15\, 1087\; died at 58.\nAlive at th e same time as Omar Khayyám\, Anselm of Canterbury\, Solomon ibn Gabirol\ , Judah Halevi\, and Ibn al-Haytham.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will iam_the_Conqueror SUMMARY:William the Conqueror · 1028–1087 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-hadrian-q1427 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00760122 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01380710 DESCRIPTION:Hadrian was Roman emperor from 117 to 138. His form of address as Roman emperor was Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus. Hadrian was born in Italica\, in the present-day Andalusian province of Seville i n southern Spain\, an Italic settlement in Hispania Baetica\; his gens Ael ia came from the town of Hadria in central Italy. He was a member of the N erva–Antonine dynasty.\n\nJanuary 22\, 76 – July 9\, 138\; died at 62. \nAlive at the same time as Plutarch\, Ptolemy\, John the Apostle\, Apulei us\, and Marcus Aurelius.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian SUMMARY:Hadrian · 76–138 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-gregory-i-q42827 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05400101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06040316 DESCRIPTION:Pope Gregory I\, commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great\, wa s the 64th Bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 until his death on 12 March 604.\n\n540 – March 15\, 604\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same tim e as Umar ibn Al-Khattāb\, Aryabhata\, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite\, Muhammad\, and Abu Bakr.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I SUMMARY:Gregory I · 540–604 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-richard-i-of-england-q42305 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11570915 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11990414 DESCRIPTION:Richard I\, known as Richard the Lionheart or Richard Cœur de Lion because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior\, wa s King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy\, Aquitaine\, and Gascony\; Lord of Cyprus\; Count of Poitier s\, Anjou\, Maine\, and Nantes\; and was overlord of Brittany at various t imes during the same period. He was the third of five sons of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and was therefore not expected to become king\, but his two elder brothers predeceased their father.\n\nSeptember 1 5\, 1157 – April 13\, 1199\; died at 41.\nAlive at the same time as Fran cis of Assisi\, Averroes\, Zhu Xi\, Fibonacci\, and Genghis Khan.\n\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_England SUMMARY:Richard I of England · 1157–1199 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-parmenides-q125551 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05140101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04680101 DESCRIPTION:Parmenides of Elea was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from El ea in Magna Graecia.\n\n515 BC – 470 BC\; died at about 44.\nAlive at th e same time as The Buddha\, Sophocles\, Sun Tzu\, Confucius\, and Pythagor as.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmenides SUMMARY:Parmenides · 515–470 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-anaximander-q42458 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06190101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05350101 DESCRIPTION:Anaximander was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in M iletus\, a city of Ionia. He belonged to the Milesian school and learned t he teachings of his master Thales. He succeeded Thales and became the seco nd master of that school\, where he counted Anaximenes and\, arguably\, Py thagoras amongst his pupils.\n\n620 BC – c. 540 BC\; died at about 78.\n Alive at the same time as The Buddha\, Cyrus the Great\, Sappho\, Confuciu s\, and Pythagoras.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaximander SUMMARY:Anaximander · 620–c. 540 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-darius-i-q44387 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05490101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04840101 DESCRIPTION:Darius I\, commonly known as Darius the Great\, was the third K ing of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire\, reigning from 522 BCE until his de ath in 486 BCE. He ruled the empire at its territorial peak\, when it incl uded much of West Asia\, parts of the Balkans and the Caucasus\, most of t he Black Sea's coastal regions\, Central Asia\, the Indus Valley in the fa r east\, and portions of North Africa and Northeast Africa including Egypt (Mudrâya)\, eastern Libya\, and coastal Sudan.\n\n550 BC – 486 BC\; di ed at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Confucius\, The Buddha\, Sophoc les\, Pythagoras\, and Sun Tzu.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_th e_Great SUMMARY:Darius I · 550–486 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-demosthenes-q117253 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03830101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03211008 DESCRIPTION:Demosthenes was a Greek statesman and orator in ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric b y studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20\, in which he successfully argued that he should gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time\, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speechwriter (logogra pher) and a lawyer\, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.\n\n3 84 BC – October 7\, 322 BC\; died at about 62.\nAlive at the same time a s Aristotle\, Hippocrates\, Chanakya\, Apelles\, and Plato.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes SUMMARY:Demosthenes · 384–322 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-eratosthenes-q43182 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02750101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01920101 DESCRIPTION:Eratosthenes of Cyrene was an Ancient Greek polymath: a philoso pher\, scholar\, mathematician\, geographer\, poet\, astronomer\, and musi c theorist. Eratosthenes eventually became the chief librarian at the Libr ary of Alexandria. His work was the precursor to the modern discipline of geography\, and he introduced some of its terminology\, coining the terms geography and geographer.\n\n276 BC – 194 BC\; died at about 81.\nAlive at the same time as Qin Shi Huang\, Plautus\, Zeno of Citium\, Archimedes\ , and Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes SUMMARY:Eratosthenes · 276–194 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-kublai-khan-q7523 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12150930 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12950101 DESCRIPTION:Kublai Khan\, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shiz u of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan\, was the founder and first empe ror of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China. He proclaimed the dynastic na me "Great Yuan" in 1271\, and ruled Yuan China until his death in 1294.\n\ nSeptember 30\, 1215 – 1294\; died at about 78.\nAlive at the same time as Dante Alighieri\, Marco Polo\, Thomas Aquinas\, Francis of Assisi\, and Fibonacci.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kublai_Khan SUMMARY:Kublai Khan · 1215–1294 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-moshe-ben-maimon-q127398 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11350406 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12041221 DESCRIPTION:Moses Ben Maimon\, commonly known as Maimonides and also referr ed to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam\, was a Sephardic Jewish rabbi who is w idely acknowledged as one of the most prolific and influential Torah schol ars of the Middle Ages.\n\nApril 6\, 1135 – December 20\, 1204\; died at 69.\nAlive at the same time as Genghis Khan\, Francis of Assisi\, Averroe s\, Fibonacci\, and Saladin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maimonides SUMMARY:Moshe ben Maimon · 1135–1204 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-clement-q42887 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01000102 DESCRIPTION:Clement of Rome\, also known as Pope Clement I\, was the Bishop of Rome in the late first century. He is considered to be the first of th e Apostolic Fathers of the Church.\n\nc. 100 – 99\; died at about -1.\n\ nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_of_Rome SUMMARY:Clement · c. 100–99 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-srinivasa-ramanujan-q83163 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18871222 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19200427 DESCRIPTION:Srinivasa Ramanujan Iyengar was an Indian mathematician who wor ked during the early 20th century. He made substantial contributions to ma thematical analysis\, number theory\, infinite series\, and continued frac tions\, including solutions to mathematical problems then considered unsol vable.\n\nDecember 22\, 1887 – April 26\, 1920\; died at 32.\nAlive at t he same time as Adolf Hitler\, Leo Tolstoy\, Pablo Picasso\, Friedrich Nie tzsche\, and Albert Einstein.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_R amanujan SUMMARY:Srinivasa Ramanujan · 1887–1920 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-uthman-ibn-affan-q37731 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05740101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06560618 DESCRIPTION:Uthman ibn Affan was the third and longest-reigned Rashidun cal iph\, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. He was also a second cousin\, son-in-law\, and senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhamma d\, and played a major role in early Islamic history. He is most famously known for the compilation and distribution of the standardized version of the Quran during his reign\, known as the Uthmanic codex. This standardiza tion established a uniform written text of the Quran\, and the Uthmanic co dex forms the basis of the Quran used by Muslims today.\n\n574 – June 17 \, 656\; died at about 82.\nAlive at the same time as Muhammad\, Brahmagup ta\, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite\, Umar ibn Al-Khattāb\, and Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthman SUMMARY:Uthman ibn Affan · 574–656 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-jerome-q44248 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03450101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04200101 DESCRIPTION:Jerome of Stridon\, also known as Hieronymus\, was an early Chr istian priest\, confessor\, theologian\, translator\, and historian\; he i s commonly known as Saint Jerome.\n\n345 – 419\; died at about 73.\nAliv e at the same time as Hypatia\, Julian\, Ausonius\, Augustine of Hippo\, a nd John Chrysostom.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome SUMMARY:Jerome · 345–419 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-plautus-q47160 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02490101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01820101 DESCRIPTION:Titus Maccius Plautus was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin p eriod. His comedies are the earliest Latin literary works to have survived in their entirety. He wrote Palliata comoedia\, the genre devised by Livi us Andronicus\, the innovator of Latin literature. The word Plautine refer s to both Plautus's own works and works similar to or influenced by his.\n He influenced some of the greatest figures in literature\, including Shake speare and Molière.\n\n250 BC – 184 BC\; died at about 66.\nAlive at th e same time as Archimedes\, Qin Shi Huang\, Xunzi\, Ashoka\, and Hannibal. \n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plautus SUMMARY:Plautus · 250–184 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-cato-the-elder-q180081 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02340101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01450101 DESCRIPTION: Marcus Porcius Cato\, also known as Cato the Censor\, the Elde r and the Wise\, was a Roman soldier\, senator\, and historian known for h is conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He was the first to write history in Latin with his Origines\, a now fragmentary work on the histor y of Rome. His work De agri cultura\, a treatise on agriculture\, rituals\ , and recipes\, is the oldest extant prose written in the Latin language. Cato's epithet "Elder" distinguishes him from his great-grandson Cato the Younger.\n\n235 BC – 147 BC\; died at about 88.\nAlive at the same time as Archimedes\, Plautus\, Qin Shi Huang\, Hannibal\, and Eratosthenes.\n\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cato_the_Elder SUMMARY:Cato the Elder · 235–147 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-menander-q118992 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03410101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02890101 DESCRIPTION:Menander was a Greek playwright and the best-known representati ve of Athenian New Comedy. He wrote 108 comedies and took the prize at the Lenaia festival eight times. His record at the City Dionysia is unknown.\ n\n342 BC – 291 BC\; died at about 51.\nAlive at the same time as Aristo tle\, Alexander the Great\, Euclid\, Apelles\, and Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Menander SUMMARY:Menander · 342–291 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ibn-al-haytham-q11104 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09650101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10420101 DESCRIPTION:Ibn al-Haytham\, Latinized as Alhazen\, was a mathematician\, a stronomer\, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from Iraq. Referred to as "the father of modern optics"\, he made significant contributions to t he principles of optics and visual perception in particular. His most infl uential work is titled Kitāb al-Manāẓir\, written during 1011–1021\, which survived in a Latin edition. The works of Alhazen were frequently c ited during the Scientific Revolution by Galileo Galilei\, René Descartes \, Johannes Kepler\, and Christiaan Huygens.\n\n965 – 1041\; died at abo ut 76.\nAlive at the same time as Murasaki Shikibu\, William the Conqueror \, Leif Erikson\, Sylvester II\, and Avicenna.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham SUMMARY:Ibn al-Haytham · 965–1041 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-john-chrysostom-q43706 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03490101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04080101 DESCRIPTION:John Chrysostom was a Church Father who served as Archbishop of Constantinople. He is known for his preaching and public speaking\, parti cularly on the poor\, his Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom\, and hi s ascetic sensibilities.\n\n349 – 407\; died at about 57.\nAlive at the same time as Hypatia\, Julian\, Ausonius\, Augustine of Hippo\, and Jerome .\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chrysostom SUMMARY:John Chrysostom · 349–407 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-jan-hus-q43977 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13720709 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14150716 DESCRIPTION:Jan Hus\, sometimes anglicized as John Goose or John Huss\, and referred to in historical texts as Iohannes Hus or Johannes Huss\, was a Czech Christian theologian and philosopher who became a Church reformer an d the inspiration of Hussitism\, a key predecessor to Protestantism\, and a seminal figure in the Bohemian Reformation. Hus is considered to be the first Church reformer\, even though some designate the theorist John Wycli ffe. His teachings had a strong influence\, most immediately in the approv al of a reformed Bohemian religious denomination and\, over a century late r\, on Martin Luther.\n\nJuly 9\, 1372 – July 15\, 1415\; died at 43.\nA live at the same time as Johannes Gutenberg\, Geoffrey Chaucer\, Zheng He\ , Jan van Eyck\, and Bayezid I.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Hus SUMMARY:Jan Hus · 1372–1415 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-peter-abelard-q4295 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10790101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11430101 DESCRIPTION:Peter Abelard was a French philosopher\, logician\, theologian\ , composer\, and poet\, regarded as one of the most brilliant and controve rsial theologians of his time. Born at Pallet\, near Nantes\, he became a popular lecturer in Paris\, but his academic career was cut short after hi s love affair with his student and eventual wife\, Héloïse d'Argenteuil. Their relationship and philosophical exchange later became the aspect of his life for which he is best known in history and popular culture.\n\n107 9 – 1142\; died at about 63.\nAlive at the same time as Omar Khayyám\, Averroes\, Frederick Barbarossa\, Anselm of Canterbury\, and Zhu Xi.\n\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Abelard SUMMARY:Peter Abelard · 1079–1142 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-leif-erikson-q42838 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09720101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10210101 DESCRIPTION:Leif Erikson\, also known as Leif the Lucky\, was a Norse explo rer who is thought to have been the first European to set foot on continen tal America\, approximately half a millennium before Christopher Columbus. According to the sagas of Icelanders\, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland\, which is usually interpreted as being coastal North America. There is ongoing speculation that the settlement made by Leif and his crew corresponds to the remains of a Norse settlement found in Newfoundland\, Canada\, called L'Anse aux Meadows\, which was occupied approximately 1\,0 00 years ago.\n\n972 – 1020\; died at about 48.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Murasaki Shikibu\, Sylvester II\, Vladimir the Great\, and F erdowsi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leif_Erikson SUMMARY:Leif Erikson · 972–1020 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-titus-q1421 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00391228 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00810912 DESCRIPTION:Titus Flavius Vespasianus was Roman emperor from AD 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty\, Titus succeeded his father\, Vespasian\, upon his death\, becoming the first Roman emperor to succeed his biologica l father.\n\nDecember 28\, 39 – September 11\, 81\; died at 41.\nAlive a t the same time as Paul the Apostle\, Plutarch\, Pliny the Elder\, Seneca\ , and Nero.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus SUMMARY:Titus · 39–81 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ramesses-ii-q1523 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-13020101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-12110101 DESCRIPTION:Ramesses II\, commonly known as Ramesses the Great\, was the th ird pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Ramesses II is often rega rded as the greatest\, most celebrated\, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom\, which itself was the most powerful period of ancient Egypt. He is also widely considered one of ancient Egypt's most successful warrio r pharaohs\, conducting no fewer than 15 military campaigns\, all resultin g in victories\, excluding the Battle of Kadesh\, which is generally consi dered a stalemate. His 66-year rule was also the longest recorded reign of any pharaoh\, possibly alongside Pepi II\, who lived 1\,000 years earlier and is said to have reigned for over 90 years.\n\n1303 BC – 1213 BC\; d ied at about 89.\nAlive at the same time as Seti I\, Ramesses I\, Nefertar i\, Merneptah\, and Horemheb.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_II SUMMARY:Ramesses II · 1303–1213 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-plotinus-q134189 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02050101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02710101 DESCRIPTION:Plotinus was an ancient Greek philosopher\, born and raised in Roman Egypt. He is widely regarded by modern scholars as the founder of Ne oplatonism.\n\n205 – 270\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Tertullian\, Caracalla\, Diophantus of Alexandria\, Cyprian\, and Nagarjun a.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plotinus SUMMARY:Plotinus · 205–270 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-pindar-q134929 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05210101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04500101 DESCRIPTION:Pindar was an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes. Of the cano nical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece\, his work is the best preserved. Quintilian wrote\, "Of the nine lyric poets\, Pindar is by far the greate st\, in virtue of his inspired magnificence\, the beauty of his thoughts a nd figures\, the rich exuberance of his language and matter\, and his roll ing flood of eloquence\, characteristics which\, as Horace rightly held\, make him inimitable." His poems can also\, however\, seem difficult and ev en peculiar. The Athenian comic playwright Eupolis once remarked that they "are already reduced to silence by the disinclination of the multitude fo r elegant learning".\n\n522 BC – c. 500 BC\; died at about 20.\nAlive at the same time as Confucius\, The Buddha\, Sun Tzu\, Socrates\, and Sophoc les.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar SUMMARY:Pindar · 522–c. 500 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-john-the-apostle-q44015 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00110101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01000101 DESCRIPTION:John the Apostle\, also known as Saint John the Beloved and\, i n Eastern Orthodox Christianity\, Saint John the Theologian\, was one of t he Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Generally list ed as the youngest apostle\, he was the son of Zebedee and Salome. His bro ther James was another of the Twelve Apostles. The Church Fathers identify him as John the Evangelist\, John of Patmos\, John the Elder\, and the Be loved Disciple\, and claim that he outlived the remaining apostles and was the only one to die of natural causes\, although modern scholars are divi ded on the veracity of these claims.\n\n11 – 99\; died at about 88.\nAli ve at the same time as Plutarch\, Ptolemy\, Nero\, Pliny the Elder\, and J esus Christ.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Apostle SUMMARY:John the Apostle · 11–99 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-alfred-the-great-q83476 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08490101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09000101 DESCRIPTION:Alfred the Great was King of the West Saxons from 871 to 886\, and King of the Anglo-Saxons from 886 until his death in 899. He was the y oungest son of King Æthelwulf and Æthelwulf's first wife Osburh\, who bo th died when Alfred was young. Three of Alfred's brothers\, Æthelbald\, Æthelberht and Æthelred\, reigned in turn before him. Under Alfred's rul e\, considerable administrative and military reforms were introduced\, pro mpting lasting change in England.\n\n849 – 899\; died at about 49.\nAliv e at the same time as Farabi\, Abu Bakr al-Razi\, Rudaki\, Al-Kindi\, and Charles the Bald.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great SUMMARY:Alfred the Great · 849–899 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-apuleius-q170512 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01250101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01710101 DESCRIPTION:Apuleius\, also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis\, was a Numi dian Latin-language prose writer\, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician. He was born in the Roman province of Numidia\, in the Berber city of Madau ros\, modern-day M'Daourouch\, Algeria. He studied Platonism in Athens\, t ravelled to Italy\, Asia Minor\, and Egypt\, and was an initiate in severa l cults or mysteries. The most famous incident in his life was when he was accused of using magic to gain the attentions of a wealthy widow. He decl aimed his own defense before the proconsul and a court of magistrates conv ened in Sabratha\, near Oea. This speech\, which Apuleius subsequently pub lished\, is known as the Apologia.\n\n125 – 170\; died at about 44.\nAli ve at the same time as Marcus Aurelius\, Ptolemy\, Nagarjuna\, Tertullian\ , and Hadrian.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuleius SUMMARY:Apuleius · 125–170 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-frederick-barbarossa-q79789 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11221201 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11900625 DESCRIPTION:Frederick Barbarossa\, also known as Frederick I\, was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death in 1190. He was elected King of G ermany in Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. He was crowned King of Italy on 24 April 1155 in Pavia and emperor by Pop e Adrian IV on 18 June 1155 in Rome. Two years later\, the term sacrum (" holy") first appeared in a document in connection with his empire. He was later formally crowned King of Burgundy\, at Arles on 30 June 1178. His ni ckname of Barbarossa "was first used by the Florentines only in 1298 to di fferentiate the emperor from his grandson\, Frederick II ... and was never employed in medieval Germany". In German\, he was known as Kaiser Rotbart \, which in English means "Emperor Redbeard". The prevalence of the Italia n nickname\, even in later German usage\, reflects the centrality of the I talian campaigns under his reign\, and "remains to this day one of the [mo st] powerful historical monikers."\n\n1122 – June 24\, 1190\; died at ab out 67.\nAlive at the same time as Averroes\, Zhu Xi\, Fibonacci\, Bernard of Clairvaux\, and Genghis Khan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederi ck_Barbarossa SUMMARY:Frederick Barbarossa · 1122–1190 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-aryabhata-q11359 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04760101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05510101 DESCRIPTION:Aryabhata or Aryabhata I was the first of the major mathematici an-astronomers and early physicist from the classical age of Indian mathem atics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya and the Arya-siddhanta.\n\n476 – 550\; died at about 74.\nAlive at the same time as Justinian I\, Gregory I\, Boethius\, Benedict of Nursia\, and Clovis I .\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata SUMMARY:Aryabhata · 476–550 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-pliny-the-younger-q168707 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00610101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01140101 DESCRIPTION:Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus\, better known in English as P liny the Younger\, was a lawyer\, author\, and magistrate of Ancient Rome. Pliny's uncle\, Pliny the Elder\, helped raise and educate him.\n\n61 – 113\; died at about 52.\nAlive at the same time as Plutarch\, Ptolemy\, T rajan\, John the Apostle\, and Pliny the Elder.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.or g/wiki/Pliny_the_Younger SUMMARY:Pliny the Younger · 61–113 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-juvenal-q193800 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00550101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01410101 DESCRIPTION:Decimus Junius Juvenalis\, known in English as Juvenal\, was a Roman poet. He is the author of the Satires\, a collection of satirical po ems. The details of Juvenal's life are unclear\, but references in his wor ks to people from the late first and early second centuries suggest that h e began writing no earlier than that time. One recent scholar argues that his first book was published in 100 or 101. A reference to a political fig ure dates his fifth and final surviving book to sometime after 127.\n\n55 – 140\; died at about 84.\nAlive at the same time as Paul the Apostle\, Marcus Aurelius\, Plutarch\, Ptolemy\, and Seneca.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Juvenal SUMMARY:Juvenal · 55–140 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-tertullian-q174929 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02210101 DESCRIPTION:Tertullian was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa. He was the first Christian author to prod uce an extensive corpus of Latin Christian literature and was an early Chr istian apologist and a polemicist against what he viewed as heresy\, inclu ding Gnosticism.\n\n150 – 220\; died at about 69.\nAlive at the same tim e as Marcus Aurelius\, Ptolemy\, Nagarjuna\, Apuleius\, and Plotinus.\n\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian SUMMARY:Tertullian · 150–220 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-elijah-q133507 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-09030101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-08480101 DESCRIPTION:Elijah was a prophet and miracle worker who lived in the northe rn kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab\, according to the Book s of Kings in the Hebrew Bible.\n\n904 BC – 850 BC\; died at about 53.\n Alive at the same time as Asa and Jehoshaphat.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elijah SUMMARY:Elijah · 904–850 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-terence-q172048 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01840101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01570101 DESCRIPTION:Publius Terentius Afer\, better known in English as Terence\, w as a playwright during the Roman Republic. He was the author of six comedi es based on Greek originals by Menander or Apollodorus of Carystus. All si x of Terence's plays survive complete and were originally produced between 166 and 160 BC.\n\n185 BC – 159 BC\; died at about 26.\nAlive at the sa me time as Cato the Elder\, Hipparchus\, Apollonius of Perga\, Ennius\, an d Scipio Aemilianus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence SUMMARY:Terence · 185–159 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-adi-shankara-q180967 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07880101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08210101 DESCRIPTION:Adi Shankara\, also called Adi Shankaracharya\, was an Indian V edic scholar-monk\, philosopher\, and teacher (acharya) of Advaita Vedanta . He wrote influential commentaries on the Brahma sutras and other texts\, and in recent times is often revered as the most important Indian philoso pher. Reliable information on Shankara's actual life is scant\, and the hi storical influence of his works on Hindu intellectual thought has been que stioned. The historical Shankara was probably relatively unknown and Vaish nava-oriented and his true impact lies in the popular perception of him as a heroic religious leader who re-established traditional Hinduism.\n\n788 – 820\; died at about 32.\nAlive at the same time as Charlemagne\, Mu ḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\, Abu Nuwas\, Al-Shafi'i\, and Jabir ibn Ha yyan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Shankara SUMMARY:Ādi Shankara · 788–820 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-jabir-ibn-hayyan-q167852 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07210101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08160101 DESCRIPTION:Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān\, died c. 806−816\, is the p urported author of a large number of works in Arabic\, often called the Ja birian corpus. The c. 215 treatises that survive today mainly deal with alchemy and chemistry\, magic\, and Shi'ite religious philosophy. However\ , the original scope of the corpus was vast\, covering a wide range of top ics ranging from cosmology\, astronomy and astrology\, over medicine\, pha rmacology\, zoology and botany\, to metaphysics\, logic\, and grammar.\n\n 721 – 815\; died at about 93.\nAlive at the same time as Charlemagne\, M uḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\, Ādi Shankara\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, and Li Bai.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan SUMMARY:Jabir ibn Hayyan · 721–815 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-harun-al-rashid-q131002 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07660223 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08090329 DESCRIPTION:Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad ar-Rashīd\, or simply Hār ūn ibn al-Mahdī\, famously known as The Hārūn al-Rashīd\, was the fif th of the Abbasid caliphs\, reigning from September 786 until his death in March 809. His reign is traditionally regarded to be the beginning of the Islamic Golden Age. His epithet al-Rashid translates to "the Just"\, "the Upright"\, or "the Rightly-Guided".\n\nFebruary 23\, 766 – March 28\, 8 09\; died at 43.\nAlive at the same time as Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwariz mi\, Abu Nuwas\, Ādi Shankara\, Al-Shafi'i\, and Charlemagne.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid SUMMARY:Harun al-Rashid · 766–809 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ambrose-q43689 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03390101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03970406 DESCRIPTION:Ambrose of Milan\, canonized as Saint Ambrose\, was a Roman the ologian\, statesman\, preacher\, and Bishop of Milan from 374 until his de ath. Trained in rhetoric and law\, he served as Roman civil governor of Ae milia-Liguria at Milan before being unexpectedly chosen as bishop by popul ar acclamation in 374. His preaching\, ecclesiastical activity\, and writi ngs made him one of the most influential Christian figures of the 4th cent ury.\n\n339 – April 5\, 397\; died at about 58.\nAlive at the same time as Hypatia\, Julian\, Ausonius\, Pappus of Alexandria\, and Augustine of H ippo.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose SUMMARY:Ambrose · 339–397 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-william-of-ockham-q43936 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12850101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13490418 DESCRIPTION:William of Ockham or Occam was an English Franciscan friar\, sc holastic philosopher and theologian. He is considered to be one of the maj or figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellec tual and political controversies of the 14th century. The nominalists of t he fifteenth century regarded him as one of the founders of their movement . He is widely known for Occam's razor\, the methodological principle that bears his name. He produced significant works on logic\, physics and theo logy. Ockham is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration c orresponding to the commonly ascribed date of his death on 10 April.\n\n12 85 – April 17\, 1349\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Dant e Alighieri\, Marco Polo\, Giotto\, Edward I of England\, and Ibn Taymiyya h.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Ockham SUMMARY:William of Ockham · 1285–1349 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-farabi-q160460 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08720114 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09520101 DESCRIPTION:Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi\, known in the Latin West as Alphar abius\, was an early Islamic philosopher and music theorist. He has been d esignated as "Father of Islamic Neoplatonism"\, and the "Founder of Islami c Political Philosophy".\n\nJanuary 14\, 872 – 951\; died at about 78.\n Alive at the same time as Ferdowsi\, Alfred the Great\, Abu Bakr al-Razi\, Sylvester II\, and Æthelstan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Farabi SUMMARY:Farabi · 872–951 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-giotto-q7814 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12660101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13370117 DESCRIPTION:Giotto di Bondone\, known mononymously as Giotto\, was an Itali an painter and architect from Florence during the Late Middle Ages. He wor ked during the Gothic and Proto-Renaissance period. Giotto's contemporary\ , the banker and chronicler Giovanni Villani\, wrote that Giotto was "the most sovereign master of painting in his time\, who drew all his figures a nd their postures according to nature" and of his publicly recognized "tal ent and excellence". Giorgio Vasari described Giotto as making a decisive break from the prevalent Byzantine style and as initiating "the great art of painting as we know it today\, introducing the technique of drawing acc urately from life\, which had been neglected for more than two hundred yea rs".\n\n1266 – January 16\, 1337\; died at about 71.\nAlive at the same time as Dante Alighieri\, Marco Polo\, Kublai Khan\, William of Ockham\, a nd Roger Bacon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giotto SUMMARY:Giotto · 1266–1337 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-francois-villon-q849 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14310101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14650101 DESCRIPTION:François Villon is the best known French poet of the Late Midd le Ages. He was involved in criminal behavior and had multiple encounters with law enforcement authorities. Villon wrote about some of these experie nces in his poems.\n\n1431 – 1464\; died at about 32.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Christopher Columbus\, Mehmed II\, Pius II\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Villon SUMMARY:François Villon · 1431–1464 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-maryam-mirzakhani-q1771279 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19770503 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20170715 DESCRIPTION:Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. Her research focused on hyperbolic geometry\, dynamical systems\, complex analysis\, and topology. In 2014\, she was awarded the Fields Medal for her work in "the dynamics and geometr y of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces"\, becoming the first woman and the first Iranian citizen to win the prize. Along with the Fields Meda l\, her work earned numerous honors\, including the Blumenthal Award\, the Satter Prize\, and the Clay Research Award.\n\nMay 3\, 1977 – July 14\, 2017\; died at 40.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Salvador Dal í\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstrong\, and Gabriel García Márquez.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam_Mirzakhani SUMMARY:Maryam Mirzakhani · 1977–2017 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-hatshepsut-q129234 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-15060101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-14570104 DESCRIPTION:Hatshepsut was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of E gypt\, ruling first as regent\, then as queen regnant from c. 1479 BC u ntil c. 1458 BC and the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose II. She wa s Egypt's second confirmed woman who ruled in her own right\, the first be ing Sobekneferu/Neferusobek in the Twelfth Dynasty.\n\n1507 BC – January 3\, 1458 BC\; died at about 49.\nAlive at the same time as Thutmose III a nd Thutmose II.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatshepsut SUMMARY:Hatshepsut · 1507–1458 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-abu-bakr-al-razi-q169234 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08540101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09260101 DESCRIPTION:Abū Bakr al-Rāzī\, also known as Rhazes\, was a Persian Musl im physician\, philosopher\, alchemist\, and pre-eminent medical writer of the Islamic Golden Age\, widely regarded as one of the most important fig ures in the history of medicine. In addition to medicine and philosophy\, he wrote on logic\, astronomy\, and grammar.\n\n854 – 925\; died at abou t 71.\nAlive at the same time as Alfred the Great\, Farabi\, Rudaki\, Al-K indi\, and Charles the Bald.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al- Razi SUMMARY:Abu Bakr al-Razi · 854–925 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-nebuchadnezzar-ii-q12591 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06410101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05590101 DESCRIPTION:Nebuchadnezzar II\, more correctly spelled Nebuchadrezzar II\, meaning "Nabu\, watch over my heir"\, was the second king of the Neo-Babyl onian Empire\, ruling from the death of his father Nabopolassar in 605 BC to his own death in 562 BC. Often titled Nebuchadnezzar the Great\, he is regarded as the empire's greatest king\, famous for his military campaigns in the Levant and their role in Jewish history\, and for his construction projects in his capital of Babylon. Ruling for 43 years\, Nebuchadnezzar was the longest-reigning king of the Neo-Babylonian dynasty. By the time o f his death\, he was among the most powerful rulers in the world.\n\n642 B C – 561 BC\; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same time as Pythagoras\, S appho\, Zoroaster\, Thales\, and Cyrus the Great.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II SUMMARY:Nebuchadnezzar II · 642–561 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-shota-rustaveli-q132984 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11720101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12170101 DESCRIPTION:Shota Rustaveli\, known mononymously as Rustaveli\, was a medie val Georgian poet. He is considered to be the pre-eminent poet of the Geor gian Golden Age and one of the greatest contributors to Georgian literatur e. Rustaveli was the author of The Knight in the Panther's Skin\, a Georgi an national epic poem.\n\n1172 – 1216\; died at about 44.\nAlive at the same time as Genghis Khan\, Francis of Assisi\, Zhu Xi\, Fibonacci\, and S aladin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shota_Rustaveli SUMMARY:Shota Rustaveli · 1172–1216 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-edward-vi-of-england-q83229 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15371012 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15530717 DESCRIPTION:Edward VI was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. The only surviving son of Henry VIII by his third wife\, Jane Seymou r\, Edward was the first English monarch to be raised as a Protestant. Dur ing his reign\, the realm was governed by a regency council because Edward never reached maturity. The council was first led by his uncle Edward Sey mour\, Duke of Somerset (1547–1549)\, and then by John Dudley\, Duke of Northumberland (1550–1553).\n\nOctober 12\, 1537 – July 16\, 1553\; di ed at 15.\nAlive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Jacques Cartier\, Mich el de Montaigne\, John Calvin\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.\n\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VI SUMMARY:Edward VI of England · 1537–1553 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-albertus-magnus-q60059 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11930101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12801123 DESCRIPTION:Albertus Magnus\, also known as Saint Albert the Great\, Albert of Swabia\, Albert von Bollstadt\, or Albert of Cologne\, was a German Do minican friar\, philosopher\, scientist\, and bishop. He is considered one of the greatest medieval philosophers and thinkers.\n\n1193 – November 22\, 1280\; died at about 87.\nAlive at the same time as Dante Alighieri\, Marco Polo\, Genghis Khan\, Thomas Aquinas\, and Fibonacci.\n\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus SUMMARY:Albertus Magnus · 1193–1280 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-roger-bacon-q171677 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12140101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12950101 DESCRIPTION:Roger Bacon\, also known by the scholastic accolade Doctor Mira bilis\, was a medieval English polymath\, philosopher\, scientist\, theolo gian and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empiricism. Intertwining his Catholic faith with scientifi c thinking\, Roger Bacon is considered one of the greatest polymaths of th e medieval period.\n\n1214 – 1294\; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same time as Dante Alighieri\, Marco Polo\, Genghis Khan\, Francis of Assisi\, and Fibonacci.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bacon SUMMARY:Roger Bacon · 1214–1294 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-louis-ix-of-france-q346 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12140502 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12700902 DESCRIPTION:Louis IX\, also known as Saint Louis\, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270. He is widely recognized as the most distingu ished of the Direct Capetians\, is the sole king of France to be canonised as a saint of the Catholic Church\, and is also the direct ancestor of al l subsequent French kings. Following the death of his father\, Louis VIII\ , he was crowned in Reims at the age of 12. His mother\, Blanche of Castil e\, effectively ruled the kingdom as regent until he came of age\, and con tinued to serve as his trusted adviser until her death.\n\nMay 2\, 1214 – September 1\, 1270\; died at 56.\nAlive at the same time as Marco Polo \, Thomas Aquinas\, Rumi\, Francis of Assisi\, and Fibonacci.\n\nhttps://e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France SUMMARY:Louis IX of France · 1214–1270 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-julian-q33941 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03311118 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03630628 DESCRIPTION:Julian was Caesar of Western Rome from 355 to 360 and Roman emp eror from 361 to 363\, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Gree k. His rejection of Christianity\, public conversion to paganism\, and pro motion of Neoplatonic Hellenism caused him to be remembered as Julian the Apostate in the Christian tradition.\n\nNovember 18\, 331 – June 27\, 36 3\; died at 31.\nAlive at the same time as Jerome\, Ausonius\, Sextus Empi ricus\, Pappus of Alexandria\, and John Chrysostom.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Julian_(emperor) SUMMARY:Julian · 331–363 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-xerxes-i-q129165 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05180101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04640901 DESCRIPTION:Xerxes I was a Persian ruler who reigned as the fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire\, reigning from 486 BC until his assassina tion in 465 BC. He was the son of Darius the Great and Atossa.\n\n519 BC – 465 BC\; died at about 54.\nAlive at the same time as Confucius\, The Buddha\, Sophocles\, Pythagoras\, and Sun Tzu.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xerxes_I SUMMARY:Xerxes I · 519–465 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-septimius-severus-q1442 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01460101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02120101 DESCRIPTION:Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna\, Libya\, in the Roman province of Africa. He is of Lybico-Punic and Roman-Italian origin. As a young man\, he advanced thr ough the customary succession of offices during the reigns of Marcus Aurel ius and Commodus. Severus was the final contender to seize power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors .\n\n146 – 211\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Ptolemy\, Nagarjuna\, Apuleius\, Tertullian\, and Marcus Aurelius.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Septimius_Severus SUMMARY:Septimius Severus · 146–211 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-mahavira-q9422 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05980101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05250101 DESCRIPTION:Mahavira\, also known by his birth name Vardhamana\, was an Ind ian religious reformer and spiritual leader\, considered by Jains to be th e 24th and final Tirthankara in the current time cycle of Jain cosmology. He is believed by historians to have lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE\, reviving and reforming an earlier Jain or proto-Jain community which had likely been led by Pārśvanātha\, whom Jains consider to be Mahavira's p redecessor. Although the dates of Mahavira's life are uncertain and histor ically reliable information is scarce\, and traditional accounts vary by s ectarian traditions\, the historicity of Mahavira is well-established and not in dispute among scholars.\n\n599 BC – 527 BC\; died at about 72.\nA live at the same time as Confucius\, Sun Tzu\, Sappho\, The Buddha\, and P ythagoras.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahavira SUMMARY:Mahavira · 599–527 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-frederick-ii-holy-roman-emperor-q130221 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11950102 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12501228 DESCRIPTION:Frederick II was King of Sicily from 1198\, King of Germany fro m 1212\, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220\, and King of Jeru salem from 1225 to 1228. He was the son of Emperor Henry VI\, of the Hohen staufen dynasty\, and Queen Constance I of Sicily\, of the Hauteville dyna sty.\n\nJanuary 2\, 1195 – December 27\, 1250\; died at 55.\nAlive at th e same time as Thomas Aquinas\, Rumi\, Francis of Assisi\, Fibonacci\, and Genghis Khan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II\,_Holy_Roman_ Emperor SUMMARY:Frederick II\, Holy Roman Emperor · 1195–1250 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-philip-ii-of-macedon-q130650 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03820101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03350901 DESCRIPTION:Philip II of Macedon was the king (basileus) of Macedon from 35 9 BC until his death in 336 BC. \nThe rise of Macedon\, from a kingdom ini tially at the periphery of classical Greek affairs\, to a power that came to dominate Ancient Greece in the span of less than 25 years\, was largely thanks to the character and policies of Philip. He was the father of Alex ander the Great and a member of the ruling Argead dynasty that founded the kingdom of the Macedonians.\n\n383 BC – 336 BC\; died at about 47.\nAli ve at the same time as Aristotle\, Hippocrates\, Chanakya\, Apelles\, and Plato.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon SUMMARY:Philip II of Macedon · 383–336 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-boethius-q102851 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04800101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05250101 DESCRIPTION:Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius\, commonly known simply as B oethius\, was a Roman senator\, consul\, magister officiorum\, polymath\, historian\, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages. He was a central fig ure in the translation of the Greek classics into Latin\, a precursor to t he Scholastic movement\, and\, along with Cassiodorus\, one of the two lea ding Christian scholars of the 6th century. The local cult of Boethius in the Diocese of Pavia was sanctioned by the Sacred Congregation of Rites in 1883\, confirming the diocese's custom of honoring him on 23 October.\n\n 480 – c. 520\; died at about 40.\nAlive at the same time as Justinian I\ , Aryabhata\, Brendan the Navigator\, Benedict of Nursia\, and Clovis I.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boethius SUMMARY:Boethius · 480–c. 520 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-pieter-brueghel-the-elder-q43270 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15250101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15690920 DESCRIPTION:Pieter Bruegel the Elder was among the most significant artists of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting\, a painter and printmaker\, kn own for his landscapes and peasant scenes \; he was a pioneer in presentin g both types of subject as large paintings. In the 20th and 21st centuries \, Bruegel works including Landscape with the Fall of Icarus and The Hunte rs in the Snow (1565) have inspired artists in both the literary arts and in cinema.\n\n1525 – September 19\, 1569\; died at about 44.\nAlive at t he same time as Martin Luther\, Miguel de Cervantes\, Nicolaus Copernicus\ , Elizabeth I of England\, and Jacques Cartier.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.or g/wiki/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder SUMMARY:Pieter Brueghel the Elder · 1525–1569 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-anselm-of-canterbury-q43939 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10330101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11090429 DESCRIPTION:Anselm of Canterbury\, also known as Anselm of Aosta after his birthplace and Anselm of Bec after his monastery\, was a Benedictine abbot \, philosopher and theologian who served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109.\n\n1033 – April 28\, 1109\; died at about 76.\nAlive at th e same time as Omar Khayyám\, William the Conqueror\, Peter Abelard\, Sol omon ibn Gabirol\, and Bernard of Clairvaux.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/Anselm_of_Canterbury SUMMARY:Anselm of Canterbury · 1033–1109 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-benedict-of-nursia-q44265 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04800304 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05470326 DESCRIPTION:Benedict of Nursia\, often known as Saint Benedict\, was an Ita lian monk and the founder of the Order of Saint Benedict. He is famed in t he Catholic Church\, the Eastern Orthodox Church\, the Lutheran Churches\, the Anglican Communion\, and Old Catholic Churches. In 1964\, Pope Paul V I declared Benedict a patron saint of Europe.\n\nMarch 4\, 480 – March 2 5\, 547\; died at 67.\nAlive at the same time as Aryabhata\, Boethius\, Br endan the Navigator\, Justinian I\, and Clovis I.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia SUMMARY:Benedict of Nursia · 480–547 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-nizami-ganjavi-q234908 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11410101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12030101 DESCRIPTION:Nizami Ganjavi\, Nizami Ganje'i\, Nizami\, or Nezāmi\, whose f ormal name was Jamal ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī\ , was a 12th-century poet. Nizami is considered the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature\, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. His heritage is widely appreciated in Afghanistan\, Republic of Azerbaijan\, Iran\, the Kurdistan region and Tajikistan.\n\n11 41 – 1202\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Genghis Khan\, Francis of Assisi\, Zhu Xi\, Fibonacci\, and Saladin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Nizami_Ganjavi SUMMARY:Nizami Ganjavi · 1141–1202 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-bernard-of-clairvaux-q188411 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10900101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11540101 DESCRIPTION:Bernard of Clairvaux\, O.Cist.\, venerated as Saint Bernard\, w as an abbot\, mystic\, co-founder of the Knights Templar\, and a major lea der in the reform of the Benedictines through the nascent Cistercian Order .\n\n1090 – 1153\; died at about 63.\nAlive at the same time as Omar Kha yyám\, Saladin\, Averroes\, Zhu Xi\, and Moshe ben Maimon.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux SUMMARY:Bernard of Clairvaux · 1090–1153 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-abu-anifa-q190896 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:06990905 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07680101 DESCRIPTION:Abu Hanifa was a Muslim scholar\, jurist\, theologian\, and asc etic\, and the founder and eponym of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprude nce. The Hanafi school remains the most widely practised of the Sunni scho ols and is extensively followed and applied throughout the Muslim world\, predominating in Central and South Asia\, Turkey\, Africa\, the Balkans\, Russia\, and parts of the Arab world.\n\nSeptember 5\, 699 – 767\; died at about 67.\nAlive at the same time as Li Bai\, Charlemagne\, Abu Nuwas\, Du Fu\, and Jabir ibn Hayyan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hanifa SUMMARY:Abū Ḥanīfa · 699–767 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-clovis-i-q82339 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04660101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05111130 DESCRIPTION:Clovis I was the first Frankish king to unite the Franks\, chan ging the form of leadership from a group of petty kings to rule by a singl e king\, and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs. He i s considered the founder of the Merovingian dynasty\, which ruled the Fran kish kingdom for the next two centuries. Clovis is an important figure in the history of France. According to Charles de Gaulle\, he was "the first king of what would become France."\n\n466 – November 29\, 511\; died at about 45.\nAlive at the same time as Aryabhata\, Boethius\, Brendan the Na vigator\, Justinian I\, and Benedict of Nursia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.or g/wiki/Clovis_I SUMMARY:Clovis I · 466–511 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-zeno-of-citium-q171303 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03330101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02610101 DESCRIPTION:Zeno of Citium was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium\, Cypr us. \nHe was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy\, which he taug ht in Athens from about 300 BC.\n\n334 BC – 263 BC\; died at about 71.\n Alive at the same time as Alexander the Great\, Archimedes\, Chanakya\, Ap elles\, and Aristotle.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium SUMMARY:Zeno of Citium · 334–263 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-william-iii-of-england-q129987 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16501114 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17020320 DESCRIPTION:William III and II\, also known as William of Orange\, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth\, Stadtholder of Holland\, Zeeland\, Utrecht\, Guelders\, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1672\, and King of England\, Scotland\, and Ireland from 1689 until his death in 170 2. He ruled England\, Scotland\, and Ireland with his wife\, Queen Mary II \, until her death in 1694\; their joint reign is known as that of William and Mary.\n\nNovember 14\, 1650 – March 19\, 1702\; died at 51.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, Johann Sebastian Bach\, Molière\, John Locke\, and Rembrandt.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_En gland SUMMARY:William III of England · 1650–1702 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-pius-ii-q101437 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14051027 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14640824 DESCRIPTION:Pope Pius II\, born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini\, was he ad of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August 145 8 to his death in 1464.\n\nOctober 27\, 1405 – August 23\, 1464\; died a t 58.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Christopher Columbus\ , Joan of Arc\, François Villon\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikiped ia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_II SUMMARY:Pius II · 1405–1464 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-leon-battista-alberti-q182046 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14040223 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14720404 DESCRIPTION:Leon Battista Alberti was an Italian Renaissance humanist autho r\, artist\, architect\, poet\, priest\, linguist\, philosopher\, and cryp tographer\; he epitomised the nature of those identified now as polymaths. He is considered the founder of European cryptography\, a claim he shares with Johannes Trithemius.\n\nFebruary 23\, 1404 – April 3\, 1472\; died at 68.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Christopher Columbu s\, Joan of Arc\, Jan Hus\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti SUMMARY:Leon Battista Alberti · 1404–1472 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-sylvester-i-q47149 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03360102 DESCRIPTION:Pope Sylvester I was the bishop of Rome from 31 January 314 unt il his death on 31 December 335. He filled the See of Rome at an important era in the history of the Western Church\, though very little is known of his life.\n\nc. 300 – January 1\, 336\; died at about 36.\nAlive at the same time as Constantine the Great\, Ausonius\, Sextus Empiricus\, Pappus of Alexandria\, and Mark.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sylvester _I SUMMARY:Sylvester I · c. 300–336 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ibn-arabi-q46420 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11650804 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12401124 DESCRIPTION:Ibn al-ʿArabī was a Muslim Arab scholar\, mystic\, poet\, and philosopher from al-Andalus\, who exercised notable influence within Sufi metaphysics and Islamic thought in general. There are 850 works attribute d to Ibn al-ʿArabī\, though only 700 of these are considered authentic\, and only 400 are extant. His cosmological teachings became a dominant int ellectual framework in many regions of the Muslim world.\n\nAugust 4\, 116 5 – November 23\, 1240\; died at 75.\nAlive at the same time as Genghis Khan\, Rumi\, Francis of Assisi\, Fibonacci\, and Thomas Aquinas.\n\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Arabi SUMMARY:Ibn Arabi · 1165–1240 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-caracalla-q1446 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01880403 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02170409 DESCRIPTION:Marcus Aurelius Antoninus\, better known by his nickname Caraca lla\, was Roman emperor from 198 to 217 AD\, first serving as nominal co-e mperor under his father and then ruling alone after 211 AD. He was a membe r of the Severan dynasty\, the elder son of Emperor Septimius Severus and Empress Julia Domna. Severus proclaimed Caracalla co-ruler in 198\, doing the same with his other son Geta in 209. The two brothers briefly shared p ower after their father's death in 211\, but Caracalla soon had Geta murde red by the Praetorian Guard and became sole ruler of the Roman Empire. Jul ia Domna had a significant share in governance\, since Caracalla found adm inistration to be mundane. His reign featured domestic instability and ext ernal invasions by the Germanic peoples.\n\nApril 3\, 188 – April 8\, 21 7\; died at 29.\nAlive at the same time as Nagarjuna\, Tertullian\, Diopha ntus of Alexandria\, Cyprian\, and Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/Caracalla SUMMARY:Caracalla · 188–217 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-edward-i-of-england-q57798 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12390624 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13070716 DESCRIPTION:Edward I\, also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of th e Scots\, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently\, he was Lor d of Ireland\, and from 1254 to 1306 ruled Gascony as Duke of Aquitaine in his capacity as a vassal of the French king. Before his accession to the throne\, he was commonly referred to as the Lord Edward.\n\nJune 24\, 1239 – July 15\, 1307\; died at 68.\nAlive at the same time as Dante Alighie ri\, Marco Polo\, Thomas Aquinas\, Fibonacci\, and William of Ockham.\n\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I SUMMARY:Edward I of England · 1239–1307 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-richard-iii-of-england-q133028 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14521011 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14850901 DESCRIPTION:Richard III was King of England from 26 June 1483 until his dea th in 1485. He was the last king of the Plantagenet dynasty and its cadet branch\, the House of York\; the former had ruled England since 1154. His defeat and death at the Battle of Bosworth Field marked the end of the Mid dle Ages in England.\n\nOctober 11\, 1452 – August 31\, 1485\; died at 3 2.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Michelangelo\, Christoph er Columbus\, Erasmus\, and François Villon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Richard_III_of_England SUMMARY:Richard III of England · 1452–1485 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-bede-q154938 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:06720101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07360101 DESCRIPTION:Bede\, OSB\, also known as the Venerable Bede or Bede the Vener able\, was an English Benedictine monk\, author and scholar. He was one of the best known writers during the Early Middle Ages\, and his most famous work\, Ecclesiastical History of the English People\, gained him the titl e "The Father of English History". He served at the monastery of St Peter and its companion monastery of St Paul in the Kingdom of Northumbria of th e Angles.\n\n672 – 735\; died at about 63.\nAlive at the same time as Li Bai\, Charles Martel\, Du Fu\, Jabir ibn Hayyan\, and Abū Ḥanīfa.\n\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede SUMMARY:Bede · 672–735 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-jan-van-eyck-q102272 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13900101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14410719 DESCRIPTION:Jan van Eyck was an early Netherlandish painter active in Bruge s who was one of the early innovators of what became known as early Nether landish painting\, and one of the supreme figures of the Early Northern Re naissance. Such was his legacy\, that he has been called "the inventor of oil-painting" by Vasari\, Ernst Gombrich\, and others\, although this clai m is now considered an oversimplification.\n\n1390 – July 18\, 1441\; di ed at about 51.\nAlive at the same time as Joan of Arc\, Johannes Gutenber g\, Geoffrey Chaucer\, Zheng He\, and Jan Hus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jan_van_Eyck SUMMARY:Jan van Eyck · 1390–1441 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-theodoric-the-great-q105105 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04540512 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05270101 DESCRIPTION:Theodoric the Great\, also called the Amal\, was king of the Os trogoths (471–526)\, and ruler of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy betwe en 493 and 526\, regent of the Visigoths (511–526)\, and a patrician of the Eastern Roman Empire. As ruler of the combined Gothic realms\, Theodor ic controlled an empire stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Adriatic Sea. Though Theodoric himself only used the title 'king' (rex)\, some sch olars characterize him as a Western Roman emperor in all but name\, since he ruled a large part of the former Western Roman Empire. He also received and used the former Western imperial regalia from Constantinople in 497\, and exercised imperial powers recognized in the East\, such as naming con suls. The Italian aristocracy referred to him using the imperial title pri nceps.\n\nMay 12\, 454 – 526\; died at about 71.\nAlive at the same time as Aryabhata\, Boethius\, Brendan the Navigator\, Justinian I\, and Bened ict of Nursia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great SUMMARY:Theodoric the Great · 454–526 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-louis-the-pious-q43974 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07780420 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08400625 DESCRIPTION:Louis the Pious\, also called the Fair and the Debonaire\, was King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father\, Charlemagne\, from 813 . He was also King of Aquitaine from 781. As the only surviving son of Cha rlemagne and Hildegard\, he became the sole ruler of the Franks after his father's death in 814. He held this position until his death in 840\, save for November 833 to March 834 when Louis was deposed.\n\nApril 20\, 778 – June 24\, 840\; died at 62.\nAlive at the same time as Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\, Abu Nuwas\, Ādi Shankara\, Al-Shafi'i\, and Charlemag ne.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_the_Pious SUMMARY:Louis the Pious · 778–840 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-charles-martel-q3301 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:06880826 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07411027 DESCRIPTION:Charles Martel\, Martel being an Old French sobriquet meaning " The Hammer"\, was a Frankish political and military leader who\, as Duke a nd Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace\, was the de facto ruler o f the Franks from 718 until his death. He was a son of the Frankish states man Pepin of Herstal and a noblewoman named Alpaida. Charles successfully asserted his claims to power as successor to his father as the power behin d the throne in Frankish politics. Continuing and building on his father's work\, he restored centralized government in Francia and began a series o f military campaigns that re-established the Franks as the undisputed mast ers of all Gaul. According to the contemporary Liber Historiae Francorum\, Charles was "a warrior who was uncommonly ... effective in battle".\n\nAu gust 26\, 688 – October 26\, 741\; died at 53.\nAlive at the same time a s Li Bai\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, Du Fu\, Jabir ibn Hayyan\, and Bede.\n\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Martel SUMMARY:Charles Martel · 688–741 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-al-kindi-q179759 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07960101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08710101 DESCRIPTION:Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī was a Mesopotamian Arab polymath who was active as a philosopher\, mathema tician\, physician\, and music theorist. Al-Kindi was the first of the Isl amic peripatetic philosophers\, and is hailed as the "father of Arab philo sophy".\n\n796 – 870\; died at about 74.\nAlive at the same time as Char lemagne\, Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\, Abu Nuwas\, Al-Shafi'i\, and Alfred the Great.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi SUMMARY:Al-Kindi · 796–870 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-eugene-iv-q167561 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13830101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14470305 DESCRIPTION:Pope Eugene IV was head of the Catholic Church and leader of th e Papal States from 11 March 1431 to his death in February 1447. Condulmer was a Venetian and a nephew of Pope Gregory XII. In 1431\, he was elected pope. He is the most recent pope to take the pontifical name "Eugene".\n\ n1383 – March 4\, 1447\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Jo an of Arc\, Johannes Gutenberg\, Geoffrey Chaucer\, Zheng He\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Eugene_IV SUMMARY:Eugene IV · 1383–1447 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-bayezid-i-q128358 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13540308 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14030318 DESCRIPTION:Bayezid I\, also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt\, was the sul tan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of Sulta n-i Rûm\, Rûm being the Arabic name for the Eastern Roman Empire. In 139 4\, Bayezid unsuccessfully besieged Constantinople. Two years later\, he d efeated the crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis in what is now Bulgaria i n 1396. Bayezid vanquished all the Anatolian beyliks and proceeded to conq uer and vassalize the entirety of Anatolia. In 1402\, he once more besiege d Constantinople\, appearing to find success\, but he ultimately withdrew due to the invasion of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur. Bayezid was defea ted and captured by Timur at the Battle of Ankara in 1402 and died in capt ivity in March 1403\, which triggered the Ottoman Interregnum between his sons.\n\nMarch 8\, 1354 – March 17\, 1403\; died at 49.\nAlive at the sa me time as Geoffrey Chaucer\, Ibn Battuta\, Jan Hus\, Jan van Eyck\, and H afez.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayezid_I SUMMARY:Bayezid I · 1354–1403 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-peter-iii-of-russia-q151789 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17280221 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17620718 DESCRIPTION:Peter III Fyodorovich was Emperor of Russia from 5 January 1762 until 9 July of the same year\, when his wife\, Catherine II\, overthrew him in a palace coup d'état. He implemented many notable reforms during h is reign\, though he is criticised for undoing Russian gains in the Seven Years' War by forming an alliance with Prussia.\n\nFebruary 21\, 1728 – July 17\, 1762\; died at 34.\nAlive at the same time as Johann Wolfgang vo n Goethe\, Johann Sebastian Bach\, Immanuel Kant\, Carl Linnaeus\, and Geo rge Washington.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia SUMMARY:Peter III of Russia · 1728–1762 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-chandragupta-maurya-q188541 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03390101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02950101 DESCRIPTION:Chandragupta Maurya was the founder and the first emperor of th e Maurya Empire\, based in Magadha in the Indian subcontinent.\n\n340 BC – 297 BC\; died at about 42.\nAlive at the same time as Aristotle\, Eucl id\, Chanakya\, Apelles\, and Alexander the Great.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya SUMMARY:Chandragupta Maurya · 340–297 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-charles-the-bald-q71231 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08230617 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08771011 DESCRIPTION:Charles the Bald was king of West Francia (843–77)\, king of Italy (875–77) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–77). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father\, Louis the Pious\, C harles succeeded\, by the Treaty of Verdun (843)\, in acquiring the wester n third of the empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest s on of Louis the Pious by his second wife\, Judith.\n\nJune 17\, 823 – Oc tober 10\, 877\; died at 54.\nAlive at the same time as Muḥammad ibn Mus a al-Khwarizmi\, Al-Kindi\, Ahmad ibn Hanbal\, Rudaki\, and Alfred the Gre at.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Bald SUMMARY:Charles the Bald · 823–877 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-john-wycliffe-q173893 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13300101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13850109 DESCRIPTION:John Wycliffe was an English scholastic philosopher\, Christian reformer\, Catholic priest\, and a theology professor at the University o f Oxford. Wycliffe is traditionally believed to have advocated for or made a vernacular translation of the Vulgate Bible into Middle English\, thoug h more recent scholarship has minimised the extent of his advocacy or invo lvement for lack of direct contemporary evidence.\n\n1330 – January 8\, 1385\; died at about 55.\nAlive at the same time as Geoffrey Chaucer\, Ibn Battuta\, Bayezid I\, Hafez\, and Petrarch.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/John_Wycliffe SUMMARY:John Wycliffe · 1330–1385 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-hipparchus-q159905 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01890101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01180101 DESCRIPTION:Hipparchus was a Greek astronomer\, geographer\, and mathematic ian. He is considered the founder of trigonometry\, but is most famous for his incidental discovery of the precession of the equinoxes. Hipparchus w as born in Nicaea\, Bithynia\, and probably died on the island of Rhodes\, Greece. He is known to have been a working astronomer between 162 and 127  BC.\n\n190 BC – 120 BC\; died at about 70.\nAlive at the same time as Cato the Elder\, Terence\, Posidonius\, Apollonius of Perga\, and Sulla.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparchus SUMMARY:Hipparchus · 190–120 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-edward-iii-of-england-q129247 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13121121 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13770630 DESCRIPTION:Edward III\, also known as Edward of Windsor before accession\, was King of England from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is note d for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the dis astrous and unorthodox reign of his father\, Edward II. Edward III transfo rmed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military power s in Europe. His fifty-year reign is one of the longest in English history and saw vital developments in legislation and government\, in particular the evolution of the English Parliament\, as well as the ravages of the Bl ack Death. He outlived his eldest son\, Edward the Black Prince\, and was succeeded by his grandson\, Richard II.\n\nNovember 21\, 1312 – June 29\ , 1377\; died at 64.\nAlive at the same time as Marco Polo\, Geoffrey Chau cer\, William of Ockham\, Giotto\, and Ibn Taymiyyah.\n\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Edward_III SUMMARY:Edward III of England · 1312–1377 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-isidore-of-seville-q166876 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05600101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06370101 DESCRIPTION:Isidore of Seville was a Hispano-Roman scholar\, theologian and archbishop of Seville. He is widely regarded\, in the words of the 19th-c entury historian Charles Forbes René de Montalembert\, as "the last schol ar of the ancient world".\n\n560 – 636\; died at about 76.\nAlive at the same time as Umar ibn Al-Khattāb\, Brahmagupta\, Pseudo-Dionysius the Ar eopagite\, Muhammad\, and Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville SUMMARY:Isidore of Seville · 560–636 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-nicholas-of-cusa-q154751 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14010101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14640822 DESCRIPTION:Nicholas of Cusa\, also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nic olaus Cusanus\, was a German Catholic bishop and polymath active as a phil osopher\, theologian\, jurist\, mathematician\, and astronomer. One of the first German proponents of Renaissance humanism\, he made spiritual and p olitical contributions to European culture. A notable example of this is h is mystical or spiritual writings on "learned ignorance"\, as well as his participation in power struggles between Rome and the German states of the Holy Roman Empire.\n\n1401 – August 21\, 1464\; died at about 63.\nAliv e at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Christopher Columbus\, Joan of A rc\, Jan Hus\, and François Villon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nich olas_of_Cusa SUMMARY:Nicholas of Cusa · 1401–1464 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-pepin-the-short-q81212 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07140101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07690101 DESCRIPTION:Pepin the Short was King of the Franks from 751 until his death in 768. He was the first Carolingian to become king.\n\n714 – 768\; die d at about 53.\nAlive at the same time as Li Bai\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, Charle magne\, Abu Nuwas\, and Du Fu.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_ Short SUMMARY:Pepin the Short · 714–768 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-pyrrhus-q172353 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03170101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02700101 DESCRIPTION:Pyrrhus was a Greek king and statesman of the Hellenistic perio d. He was king of the Molossians\, of the royal Aeacid house\, and later h e became king of Epirus. He was one of the strongest opponents of early Ro me\, and had been regarded as one of the greatest generals of antiquity. S everal of his victorious battles caused him unacceptably heavy losses\, fr om which the phrase "Pyrrhic victory" was coined.\n\n318 BC – 272 BC\; d ied at about 46.\nAlive at the same time as Archimedes\, Epicurus\, Chanak ya\, Apelles\, and Euclid.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Epi rus SUMMARY:Pyrrhus · 318–272 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-origen-q170472 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01840101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02550101 DESCRIPTION:Origen of Alexandria\, also known as Origen Adamantius\, was an early Christian theologian and ascetic. He was a prolific writer who wrot e roughly 2\,000 treatises in multiple branches of theology\, including te xtual criticism\, biblical exegesis and hermeneutics\, homiletics\, and sp irituality. He was one of the most influential and controversial figures i n early Christian theology\, apologetics\, and asceticism. He has been des cribed by John Anthony McGuckin as "the greatest genius the early church e ver produced".\n\n184 – 254\; died at about 70.\nAlive at the same time as Nagarjuna\, Septimius Severus\, Diophantus of Alexandria\, Cyprian\, an d Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origen SUMMARY:Origen · 184–254 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-catherine-of-siena-q229190 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13470402 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13810101 DESCRIPTION:Caterina di Jacopo di Benincasa\, TOSD\, known as Catherine of Siena\, was an Italian Catholic mystic and diplomat who engaged in papal a nd Italian politics through extensive letter-writing and advocacy. Canonis ed in 1461\, she is revered as a saint and as a Doctor of the Church due t o her extensive theological authorship. She is also considered to have inf luenced Italian literature.\n\nApril 2\, 1347 – 1380\; died at about 32. \nAlive at the same time as Geoffrey Chaucer\, Ibn Battuta\, Bayezid I\, H afez\, and Petrarch.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena SUMMARY:Catherine of Siena · 1347–1380 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-khufu-q161904 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-26511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-25640101 DESCRIPTION:Khufu\, or Cheops\, was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynast y of Egypt\, reigning during the 26th century BC in the early Old Kingdom period. Khufu succeeded his father\, Sneferu\, as king. He is generally ac cepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza\, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World\, but many other aspects of his reign are po orly documented. Khufu is also the main character noted in the Westcar Pap yrus from the 13th dynasty.\n\nc. 2700 BC – 2566 BC\; died at about 135. \nAlive at the same time as Khafra and Sneferu.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.or g/wiki/Khufu SUMMARY:Khufu · c. 2700–2566 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-anacreon-q213484 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05690101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04830101 DESCRIPTION:Anacreon was an Ancient Greek lyric poet\, notable for his drin king songs and erotic poems. Later Greeks included him in the canonical li st of Nine Lyric Poets. Anacreon wrote all of his poetry in the ancient Io nic dialect. Like all early lyric poetry\, it was composed to be sung or r ecited to the accompaniment of music\, usually the lyre. Anacreon's poetry touched on universal themes of love\, infatuation\, disappointment\, reve lry\, parties\, festivals\, and the observations of everyday people and li fe.\n\n570 BC – 485 BC\; died at about 84.\nAlive at the same time as Co nfucius\, The Buddha\, Sun Tzu\, Sophocles\, and Pythagoras.\n\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacreon SUMMARY:Anacreon · 570–485 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-charles-iv-q155669 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13160514 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13781130 DESCRIPTION:Charles IV was Holy Roman Emperor from 1355 until his death in 1378. He was elected King of Germany in 1346 and became King of Bohemia th at same year. He was a member of the House of Luxembourg from his father's side and the Bohemian House of Přemysl from his mother's side\; he empha sized the latter due to his lifelong affinity for the Bohemian side of his inheritance\, and also because his direct ancestors in the Přemyslid lin e included two saints.\n\nMay 14\, 1316 – November 29\, 1378\; died at 6 2.\nAlive at the same time as Geoffrey Chaucer\, Ibn Battuta\, William of Ockham\, Giotto\, and Ibn Taymiyyah.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Char les_IV\,_Holy_Roman_Emperor SUMMARY:Charles IV · 1316–1378 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-sylvester-ii-q172383 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09380101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10030519 DESCRIPTION:Pope Sylvester II\, originally known as Gerbert of Aurillac\, w as a scholar and teacher who served as the bishop of Rome and led the Papa l States from 999 until his death in 1003. He endorsed and promoted study of Moorish and Greco-Roman arithmetic\, mathematics and astronomy\, reintr oducing to Western Christendom the abacus\, armillary sphere\, and water o rgan\, which had been lost to Latin Europe since the fall of the Western R oman Empire. He is said to be the first in Christian Europe to introduce t he decimal numeral system using the Hindu–Arabic numeral system.\n\n938 – May 18\, 1003\; died at about 65.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\ , Murasaki Shikibu\, Leif Erikson\, Farabi\, and Vladimir the Great.\n\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_II SUMMARY:Sylvester II · 938–1003 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-vladimir-the-great-q14974 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09560101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10150722 DESCRIPTION:Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych\, given t he epithet "the Great"\, was Prince of Novgorod from 970 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 978 until his death in 1015. The Catholic Church and the East ern Orthodox Church both canonised him as Saint Vladimir.\n\n956 – July 21\, 1015\; died at about 59.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Murasa ki Shikibu\, Leif Erikson\, Sylvester II\, and Ferdowsi.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_the_Great SUMMARY:Vladimir the Great · 956–1015 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-alaric-i-q102371 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03741231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04110101 DESCRIPTION:Alaric I was the first king of the Visigoths\, from 395 to 410. He rose to leadership of the Goths who came to occupy Moesia—territory acquired a couple of decades earlier by a combined force of Goths and Alan s after the Battle of Adrianople.\n\nc. 370 – 410\; died at about 40.\nA live at the same time as Augustine of Hippo\, Hypatia\, Ausonius\, Jerome\ , and John Chrysostom.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaric_I SUMMARY:Alaric I · c. 370–410 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-rodrigo-diaz-de-vivar-q43958 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10430101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10990711 DESCRIPTION:Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar was a Castilian knight and ruler in medi eval Spain. Fighting with both Christian and Muslim armies during his life time\, he earned the Arabic honorific as-Sayyid\, which would evolve into El Çid\, and the Spanish honorific El Campeador. He was born in Vivar\, a village near the city of Burgos.\n\n1043 – July 10\, 1099\; died at abo ut 56.\nAlive at the same time as Omar Khayyám\, Peter Abelard\, Anselm o f Canterbury\, Solomon ibn Gabirol\, and William the Conqueror.\n\nhttps:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Cid SUMMARY:Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar · 1043–1099 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-diophantus-of-alexandria-q178217 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02850101 DESCRIPTION:Diophantus of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician who was the author of the Arithmetica in thirteen books\, ten of which are still extan t\, made up of arithmetical problems that are solved through algebraic equ ations.\n\n200 – 284\; died at about 84.\nAlive at the same time as Cons tantine the Great\, Nagarjuna\, Tertullian\, Cyprian\, and Plotinus.\n\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantus SUMMARY:Diophantus of Alexandria · 200–284 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-murad-ii-q131394 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14040601 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14510213 DESCRIPTION:Murad II was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire\, from 1421 to 1444 and from 1446 to 1451.\n\n1404 – February 12\, 1451\; died at a bout 46.\nAlive at the same time as Johannes Gutenberg\, Zheng He\, Jan Hu s\, François Villon\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Murad_II SUMMARY:Murad II · 1404–1451 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-masaccio-q5811 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14011230 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14290101 DESCRIPTION:Masaccio\, born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone\, was a Flore ntine artist who is regarded as the first great Italian painter of the Qua ttrocento period of the Italian Renaissance. According to Vasari\, Masacci o was the best painter of his generation because of his skill at imitating nature\, recreating lifelike figures and movements as well as a convincin g sense of three-dimensionality. He employed nudes and foreshortenings in his figures. This had seldom been done before him.\n\nDecember 30\, 1401 – 1428\; died at about 26.\nAlive at the same time as Joan of Arc\, Joha nnes Gutenberg\, Zheng He\, Jan Hus\, and Leon Battista Alberti.\n\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaccio SUMMARY:Masaccio · 1401–1428 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-leucippus-q165589 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04500101 DESCRIPTION:Leucippus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. He is tradition ally credited as the founder of atomism\, which he developed with his stud ent Democritus. Leucippus divided the world into two entities: atoms\, ind ivisible particles that make up all things\, and the void\, the nothingnes s that exists between the atoms. He developed his philosophy as a response to the Eleatics\, who believed that all things are one and the void does not exist. Leucippus's ideas were influential in ancient and Renaissance p hilosophy. Leucippus was the first Western philosopher to develop the conc ept of atoms\, but his ideas only bear a superficial resemblance to modern atomic theory.\n\nc. 500 BC – c. 500 BC\; died at about 0.\n\nhttps://e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucippus SUMMARY:Leucippus · c. 500–c. 500 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-john-of-damascus-q51884 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:06750101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07491209 DESCRIPTION:John of Damascus or John Damascene\, born Yūḥana ibn Manṣ ūr ibn Sarjūn\, was a Christian monk\, priest\, hymnographer\, and apolo gist. He was born and raised in Damascus c. AD 675 or AD 676\; the prec ise date and place of his death is not known\, though tradition places it at his monastery\, Mar Saba\, near Jerusalem\, on 4 December AD 749. A po lymath whose fields of interest and contribution included law\, theology\, philosophy\, and music\, he was given the by-name of Chrysorroas. He wrot e works expounding the Christian faith\, and composed hymns which are stil l used both liturgically in Eastern Christian practice throughout the worl d as well as in western Lutheranism at Easter.\n\n675 – December 8\, 749 \; died at about 74.\nAlive at the same time as Li Bai\, Charles Martel\, Du Fu\, Jabir ibn Hayyan\, and Abū Ḥanīfa.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_of_Damascus SUMMARY:John of Damascus · 675–749 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-al-shafi-i-q294281 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07670901 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08200121 DESCRIPTION:Al-Shafi'i was a Muslim scholar\, jurist\, muhaddith\, traditio nist\, theologian\, and ascetic\, and the founder and eponym of the Shāfi ʿī school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He played a formative role in the systematization of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence and is rega rded as its founder. His al-Risāla was among the earliest works devoted t o the subject and gave Islamic legal theory a systematic form\, thereby "f undamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his di rect and obvious impact\," and "beginning a new phase of the development o f legal theory."\n\nSeptember 1\, 767 – January 20\, 820\; died at 52.\n Alive at the same time as Charlemagne\, Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\, Abu Nuwas\, Ādi Shankara\, and Jabir ibn Hayyan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i SUMMARY:Al-Shafi'i · 767–820 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ahmad-ibn-hanbal-q194442 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07801127 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08550807 DESCRIPTION:Ahmad ibn Hanbal was an Arab jurist and founder of the Hanbali school who is widely recognized as the scholar who memorized the most Hadi ths in Islamic history. One of the most venerated Islamic intellectual fig ures\, Ibn Hanbal is notable for his unmatched memorization of over one mi llion prophetic narrations\, an unprecedented number that has never been c laimed by any other muhaddith. Ibn Hanbal also compiled the largest hadith collection\, al-Musnad\, which has continued to exercise considerable inf luence on the field of hadith studies up to the present time\, \nshaping t he methodological framework later employed in both Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Imam al-Dhahabi described him as “the true Imam\, the proof of the religion\, the master of hadith\, and the leader of the Sunnah”. Ima m Ali ibn al-Madini said: “Truly\, Allah supported this religion through two men\, to whom there is no third: Abu Bakr during the Ridda Wars\, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal during the Mihna”.\n\nNovember 27\, 780 – August 6\, 855\; died at 74.\nAlive at the same time as Charlemagne\, Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\, Abu Nuwas\, Ādi Shankara\, and Jabir ibn Hayyan.\n\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal SUMMARY:Ahmad ibn Hanbal · 780–855 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-sargon-of-akkad-q199461 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-23511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-22500101 DESCRIPTION:Sargon of Akkad\, also known as Sargon the Great\, was the firs t ruler of the Akkadian Empire\, known for his conquests of the Sumerian c ity-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC. He is sometimes identified as the first person in recorded history to rule over an empire.\n\nc. 2400 B C – c. 2300 BC\; died at about 100.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sar gon_of_Akkad SUMMARY:Sargon of Akkad · c. 2400–c. 2300 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ibn-taymiyyah-q491558 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12630129 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13281005 DESCRIPTION:Ibn Taymiyya was a Sunni Muslim scholar\, jurist\, Mujtahid\, t raditionist\, Qadiri Sufi\, proto-Salafist theologian and iconoclast. Born in Harran in 1263 CE and fleeing from the Mongol invasion\, he was taught by his grandfather and father in the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence at Damascus. Ibn Taymiyya proved to be a controversial figure among both h is contemporaries and in later centuries. \nSyrian Salafi theologian Muham mad Rashid Rida\, one of the major modern proponents of Ibn Taymiyya's wor ks\, designated him as the Mujaddid of the 7th Islamic century.\n\nJanuary 29\, 1263 – October 4\, 1328\; died at 65.\nAlive at the same time as D ante Alighieri\, Marco Polo\, Kublai Khan\, William of Ockham\, and Giotto .\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya SUMMARY:Ibn Taymiyyah · 1263–1328 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-amir-khusrau-q207817 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12530101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13251006 DESCRIPTION:Abu'l Hasan Yamīn ud-Dīn Khusrau\, better known as Amīr Khus rau\, sometimes spelled as Amir Khusrow or Amir Khusro\, was an Indo-Persi an Sufi singer\, musician\, court poet and scholar\, who lived during the period of the Delhi Sultanate.\n\n1253 – October 5\, 1325\; died at abou t 72.\nAlive at the same time as Marco Polo\, Thomas Aquinas\, Kublai Khan \, William of Ockham\, and Giotto.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_K husrau SUMMARY:Amir Khusrau · 1253–1325 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-mark-q132797 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03361010 DESCRIPTION:Pope Mark was the bishop of Rome from 18 January to his death o n 7 October 336.\n\nc. 300 – October 9\, 336\; died at about 36.\nAlive at the same time as Constantine the Great\, Ausonius\, Sextus Empiricus\, Pappus of Alexandria\, and Sylvester I.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P ope_Mark SUMMARY:Mark · c. 300–336 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ulugh-beg-q486088 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13940330 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14491106 DESCRIPTION:Mīrzā Muhammad Tarāghāy bin Shāhrukh\, better known as Ulu gh Beg\, was a Timurid sultan\, as well as an astronomer and mathematician .\n\nMarch 30\, 1394 – November 5\, 1449\; died at 55.\nAlive at the sam e time as Johannes Gutenberg\, Zheng He\, Jan Hus\, François Villon\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulugh_Beg SUMMARY:Ulugh Beg · 1394–1449 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-cnut-the-great-q134128 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09940101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10351113 DESCRIPTION:Cnut\, also known as Canute and with the epithet the Great\, wa s King of England from 1016\, King of Denmark from 1018\, and King of Norw ay from 1028 until his death in 1035. The three kingdoms united under Cnut 's rule are referred to together as the North Sea Empire by historians.\n\ n994 – November 12\, 1035\; died at about 41.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Murasaki Shikibu\, Leif Erikson\, Michael Psellos\, and Ferdow si.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnut SUMMARY:Cnut the Great · 994–1035 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-apollonius-of-perga-q180109 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02610101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01680101 DESCRIPTION:Apollonius of Perga was an ancient Greek geometer and astronome r known for his work on conic sections. Beginning from the earlier contrib utions of Euclid and Archimedes on the topic\, he brought them to the stat e prior to the invention of analytic geometry. His definitions of the term s ellipse\, parabola\, and hyperbola are the ones in use today. With his p redecessors Euclid and Archimedes\, Apollonius is generally considered amo ng the greatest mathematicians of antiquity.\n\n262 BC – 170 BC\; died a t about 92.\nAlive at the same time as Qin Shi Huang\, Plautus\, Xunzi\, A rchimedes\, and Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollonius_of_Per ga SUMMARY:Apollonius of Perga · 262–170 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-theocritus-q219484 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02580101 DESCRIPTION:Theocritus was a Greek poet from Sicily\, Magna Graecia\, and t he creator of Ancient Greek pastoral poetry.\n\nc. 400 BC – 260 BC\; die d at about 141.\nAlive at the same time as Aristotle\, Alexander the Great \, Archimedes\, Apelles\, and Euclid.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The ocritus SUMMARY:Theocritus · c. 400–260 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-edward-iv-of-england-q160341 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14420507 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14830419 DESCRIPTION:Edward IV was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 14 70\, then again from 11 April 1471 until he died in 1483. A member of the House of York\, he was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses\, a serie s of civil wars in England fought between the Yorkist and Lancastrian fact ions between 1455 and 1487.\n\nMay 7\, 1442 – April 18\, 1483\; died at 40.\nAlive at the same time as Leonardo da Vinci\, Christopher Columbus\, Albrecht Dürer\, Erasmus\, and François Villon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Edward_IV SUMMARY:Edward IV of England · 1442–1483 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-edward-ii-of-england-q5236 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12840502 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13270930 DESCRIPTION:Edward II\, also known as Edward of Caernarfon or Caernarvon\, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fo urth son of Edward I\, Edward became the heir to the throne following the death of his older brother Alphonso. Beginning in 1300\, Edward accompani ed his father on campaigns in Scotland\, and in 1306 he was knighted in a grand ceremony at Westminster Abbey. Edward succeeded to the throne the ne xt year\, following his father's death. In 1308\, he married Isabella\, da ughter of the powerful King Philip IV of France\, as part of a long-runnin g effort to resolve the tensions between the English and French crowns.\n\ nMay 2\, 1284 – September 29\, 1327\; died at 43.\nAlive at the same tim e as Dante Alighieri\, Marco Polo\, William of Ockham\, Giotto\, and Roger Bacon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II SUMMARY:Edward II of England · 1284–1327 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-thutmose-iii-q157899 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-14800101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-14230101 DESCRIPTION:Thutmose III\, sometimes called Thutmose the Great\, was a phar aoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. He is regarded as one of the greatest wa rriors\, military commanders\, and military strategists of his time\; as E gypt's preeminent warrior pharaoh and conqueror\; and as a dominant figure in the New Kingdom period.\n\n1481 BC – 1425 BC\; died at about 56.\nAl ive at the same time as Hatshepsut.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutm ose_III SUMMARY:Thutmose III · 1481–1425 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-xuanzang-q42063 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:06020406 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06640308 DESCRIPTION:Xuanzang\, born Chen Hui or Chen Yi\, also known by his Sanskri t Dharma name Mokṣadeva\, was a 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk\, scho lar\, traveller\, and translator. He is known for the epoch-making contrib utions to Chinese Buddhism\, the travelogue of his journey to the Indian s ubcontinent in 629–645\, his efforts to bring at least 657 Indian texts to China\, and his translations of some of these texts. He was only able t o translate 75 distinct sections of a total of 1\,335 chapters\, but his t ranslations included some of the most important Mahayana scriptures.\n\nAp ril 6\, 602 – March 7\, 664\; died at 61.\nAlive at the same time as Uma r ibn Al-Khattāb\, Brahmagupta\, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite\, Muhamm ad\, and Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanzang SUMMARY:Xuanzang · 602–664 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-djoser-q174367 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-27511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-26500101 DESCRIPTION:Djoser was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 3rd Dynasty durin g the Old Kingdom\, and was the founder of that epoch. He is also known by his Hellenized names Tosorthros and Sesorthos. He was the son of King Kha sekhemwy and Queen Nimaathap\, but whether he was also the direct successo r to their throne is unclear. Most Ramesside king lists identify a king na med Nebka as preceding him\, but there are difficulties in connecting that name with contemporary Horus names\, so some Egyptologists question the r eceived throne sequence. Djoser is known for his step pyramid\, which is t he earliest colossal stone building in ancient Egypt.\n\nc. 2800 BC – c. 2700 BC\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Imhotep and Khase khemwy.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoser SUMMARY:Djoser · c. 2800–c. 2700 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-harold-godwinson-q159597 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10220101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10661021 DESCRIPTION:Harold Godwinson\, also called Harold II\, was the last crowned Anglo-Saxon king of England. Harold reigned from 6 January 1066 until his death at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066\, the decisive battle of the Norman Conquest. He was succeeded by William the Conqueror\, the vi ctor at Hastings.\n\n1022 – October 20\, 1066\; died at about 44.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Anselm of Canterbury\, Solomon ibn Gabirol \, Omar Khayyám\, and William the Conqueror.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Harold_Godwinson SUMMARY:Harold Godwinson · 1022–1066 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-honorius-q159798 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03840910 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04230817 DESCRIPTION:Honorius was Roman emperor from 393 to 423. He was the younger son of emperor Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla. After the death of Theodosius in 395\, Honorius\, under the regency of Stilicho\, ru led the western half of the empire while his brother Arcadius ruled the ea stern half. His reign over the Western Roman Empire was precarious and cha otic. In 410\, Rome was sacked for the first time since the Battle of the Allia almost 800 years prior.\n\nSeptember 10\, 384 – August 16\, 423\; died at 38.\nAlive at the same time as Augustine of Hippo\, Hypatia\, Jero me\, John Chrysostom\, and Ambrose.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor ius SUMMARY:Honorius · 384–423 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-sulla-q483783 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01370101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00760101 DESCRIPTION:Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix\, commonly known as Sulla\, was a Roman general and statesman of the late Roman Republic. He came to promine nce for his military exploits and was the first general during the late re public to march on Rome and win a civil war. After purging his opponents\, he assumed the dictatorship\, sought to strengthen the republican system through constitutional reforms\, and resigned his plenary powers after the ir enactment.\n\n138 BC – 78 BC\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same t ime as Lucretius\, Hipparchus\, Posidonius\, Julius Caesar\, and Cicero.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulla SUMMARY:Sulla · 138–78 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-saul-q28730 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-10790101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-10080101 DESCRIPTION:Saul was a monarch of ancient Israel and Judah and the first ki ng of the United Monarchy according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. His reign\, traditionally placed in the late eleventh century BC\, marked the transition of the Israelites from a scattered tribal society ruled by various judges to organized statehood.\n\n1080 BC – 1010 BC\; died at a bout 69.\nAlive at the same time as David.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Saul SUMMARY:Saul · 1080–1010 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-aristarchus-of-samos-q140188 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03090101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02280101 DESCRIPTION:Aristarchus of Samos was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathem atician who presented the first known heliocentric model that placed the S un at the center of the universe\, with the Earth revolving around the Sun once a year and rotating about its axis once a day. He also supported the theory of Anaxagoras that the Sun was just another star.\n\n310 BC – 23 0 BC\; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same time as Qin Shi Huang\, Epicur us\, Chanakya\, Archimedes\, and Euclid.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Aristarchus_of_Samos SUMMARY:Aristarchus of Samos · 310–230 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-clement-of-alexandria-q188883 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02160101 DESCRIPTION:Titus Flavius Clemens\, also known as Clement of Alexandria\, w as a Christian theologian and philosopher who taught at the Catechetical S chool of Alexandria. Among his pupils were Origen and Alexander of Jerusal em. A convert to Christianity\, he was an educated man who was familiar wi th classical Greek philosophy and literature. As his three major works dem onstrate\, Clement was influenced by Hellenistic philosophy to a greater e xtent than any other Christian thinker of his time\, and in particular\, b y Plato and the Stoics. His secret works\, which exist only in fragments\, suggest that he was familiar with pre-Christian Jewish esotericism and Gn osticism as well. In one of his works he argued that Greek philosophy had its origin among non-Greeks\, claiming that both Plato and Pythagoras were taught by Egyptian scholars.\n\n150 – 215\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Marcus Aurelius\, Ptolemy\, Nagarjuna\, Apuleius\, and P lotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria SUMMARY:Clement of Alexandria · 150–215 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-imhotep-q131171 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-27511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-26500101 DESCRIPTION:Imhotep was an Egyptian chancellor to the King Djoser\, possibl e architect of Djoser's step pyramid\, and high priest of the sun god Ra a t Heliopolis. Very little is known of Imhotep as a historical figure\, but in the 3\,000 years following his death\, he was gradually glorified and deified.\n\nc. 2800 BC – c. 2700 BC\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Djoser and Khasekhemwy.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imho tep SUMMARY:Imhotep · c. 2800–c. 2700 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-osman-ii-q172056 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16041103 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16220521 DESCRIPTION:Osman II\, also known as Osman the Young\, was the sultan of th e Ottoman Empire from 26 February 1618 until his regicide on 20 May 1622.\ n\nNovember 3\, 1604 – May 20\, 1622\; died at 17.\nAlive at the same ti me as William Shakespeare\, René Descartes\, Rembrandt\, Johannes Kepler\ , and Miguel de Cervantes.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_II SUMMARY:Osman II · 1604–1622 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ashurbanipal-q171191 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06840101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-06290101 DESCRIPTION:Ashurbanipal was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 669 B C to his death in 631. He is generally remembered as the last great king o f Assyria. Ashurbanipal inherited the throne as his father Esarhaddon‘s favored heir\; his 38-year reign was among the longest of any Assyrian kin g. Though sometimes regarded as the apogee of ancient Assyria\, his reign also marked the last time Assyrian armies waged war throughout the ancient Near East and the beginning of the end of Assyrian dominion over the regi on.\n\n685 BC – 631 BC\; died at about 54.\nAlive at the same time as He siod\, Pittacus of Mytilene\, Micah\, Nebuchadnezzar II\, and Archilochus of Paros.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurbanipal SUMMARY:Ashurbanipal · 685–631 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-aethelstan-q170017 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08950101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09391101 DESCRIPTION:Æthelstan or Athelstan was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 924 t o 927 and King of the English from 927 to his death in 939. He was the son of King Edward the Elder and his first wife\, Ecgwynn. Modern historians regard him as the first King of England and one of the "greatest Anglo-Sax on kings". He never married and had no children\; he was succeeded by his half-brother\, Edmund I.\n\n895 – October 31\, 939\; died at about 44.\n Alive at the same time as Farabi\, Abu Bakr al-Razi\, Rudaki\, Henry I the Fowler\, and Charles the Simple.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86t helstan SUMMARY:Æthelstan · 895–939 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-philo-of-alexandria-q189597 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00140101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00510101 DESCRIPTION:Philo of Alexandria\, also called Philō Judæus\, was a Hellen istic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria\, in the Roman province o f Egypt.\n\n15 BC – 50\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Je sus Christ\, Augustus\, Ovid\, Paul the Apostle\, and Seneca.\n\nhttps://e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo SUMMARY:Philo of Alexandria · 15 BC–50 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-murad-iv-q174762 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16120727 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16400219 DESCRIPTION:Murad IV was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 164 0\, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutal ity of his methods. Murad IV was born in Constantinople\, the son of Sult an Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan. He was brought to power by a palace conspir acy when he was just 11 years old\, and he succeeded his uncle\, Mustafa  I. Until he assumed absolute power on 18 May 1632\, the empire was ruled by his mother\, Kösem Sultan\, as nāʾib-i salṭanat (regent). His reig n is most notable for the Ottoman–Safavid War\, of which the outcome wou ld partition the Caucasus between the two Imperial powers for around two c enturies\, while it roughly laid the foundation for the current Turkey–I ran–Iraq borders.\n\nJuly 27\, 1612 – February 18\, 1640\; died at 27. \nAlive at the same time as René Descartes\, Molière\, Rembrandt\, Blais e Pascal\, and Francis Bacon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_IV SUMMARY:Murad IV · 1612–1640 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-alcibiades-q187982 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04020101 DESCRIPTION:Alcibiades was an Athenian statesman and general. The last of t he Alcmaeonidae\, he played a major role in the second half of the Pelopon nesian War as a strategic advisor\, military commander\, and politician\, but subsequently fell from prominence.\n\n451 BC – 404 BC\; died at abou t 47.\nAlive at the same time as Plato\, Sophocles\, Hippocrates\, Socrate s\, and Euripides.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcibiades SUMMARY:Alcibiades · 451–404 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-mani-q203922 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02160414 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02770227 DESCRIPTION:Mani was an Iranian prophet and the founder of Manichaeism\, a religion most prevalent in late antiquity.\n\nApril 14\, 216 – February 26\, 277\; died at 60.\nAlive at the same time as Nagarjuna\, Diophantus o f Alexandria\, Gallienus\, Cyprian\, and Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Mani_(prophet) SUMMARY:Mani · 216–277 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-propertius-q8827 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00460101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00140101 DESCRIPTION:Sextus Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet of the Augustan age. He was born around 50–45 BC in Assisium and died shortly after 15 BC.\n \n47 BC – 16 BC\; died at about 31.\nAlive at the same time as Augustus\ , Strabo\, Virgil\, Ovid\, and Cleopatra.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Propertius SUMMARY:Propertius · 47–16 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-stephen-i-of-hungary-q177903 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09690101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10390101 DESCRIPTION:Stephen I\, also known as King Saint Stephen\, was the last gra nd prince of the Hungarians between 997 and 1000 or 1001\, and the first k ing of Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until his death in 1038. The year of his birth is uncertain\, but many details of his life suggest that he was born in\, or after\, 975\, in Esztergom. He was given the pagan name Vajk at b irth\, but the date of his baptism is unknown. He was the only son of Gran d Prince Géza and his wife\, Sarolt\, who was descended from a prominent family of gyulas. Although both of his parents were baptized\, Stephen was the first member of his family to become a devout Christian. He married G isela of Bavaria\, a scion of the imperial Ottonian dynasty.\n\n969 – 10 38\; died at about 68.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Murasaki Shik ibu\, Leif Erikson\, Sylvester II\, and Ferdowsi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary SUMMARY:Stephen I of Hungary · 969–1038 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-charles-the-fat-q150712 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08320101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08880114 DESCRIPTION:Charles the Fat was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 881 to 887. A member of the Carolingian dynasty\, Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma\, and a great-grandson of Charlemagne. He was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to ru le a united kingdom of the Franks.\n\n832 – January 13\, 888\; died at a bout 56.\nAlive at the same time as Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\, Far abi\, Ahmad ibn Hanbal\, Rudaki\, and Alfred the Great.\n\nhttps://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Fat SUMMARY:Charles the Fat · 832–888 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-malik-ibn-anas-q312299 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07090101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07960101 DESCRIPTION:Malik ibn Anas was a Muslim scholar\, jurist\, muhaddith and tr aditionalist who is the eponym of the Maliki school\, one of the four scho ols of Islamic jurisprudence in Sunni Islam.\n\n709 – 795\; died at abou t 85.\nAlive at the same time as Li Bai\, Charlemagne\, Muḥammad ibn Mus a al-Khwarizmi\, Abu Nuwas\, and Du Fu.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M alik_ibn_Anas SUMMARY:Malik ibn Anas · 709–795 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-gaius-marius-q177975 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01570101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00840101 DESCRIPTION:Gaius Marius was a Roman general and statesman. Marius held the office of consul seven times\, more than any other Roman in the Republica n period. Rising from a family of smallholders in a village called Ceraeta e in the district of Arpinum\, Marius acquired his initial military experi ence serving under Scipio Aemilianus at the Siege of Numantia in 134 BC. He won election as tribune of the plebs in 119 BC and passed a law limitin g aristocratic interference in elections. Barely elected praetor in 115 B C\, he next became the governor of Further Spain where he campaigned again st bandits.\n\n158 BC – 86 BC\; died at about 72.\nAlive at the same tim e as Hipparchus\, Posidonius\, Lucius Accius\, Julius Caesar\, and Cicero. \n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Marius SUMMARY:Gaius Marius · 158–86 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-ennius-q47130 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02380712 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01681006 DESCRIPTION:Quintus Ennius was a writer and poet who lived during the Roman Republic. He is often considered the father of Roman poetry. He was born in the small town of Rudiae\, located near modern Lecce\, a town founded b y the Messapians\, and could speak Greek as well as Latin and Oscan. Altho ugh only fragments of his works survive\, his influence in Latin literatur e was significant\, particularly in his use of Greek literary models.\n\nJ uly 12\, 239 BC – October 5\, 169 BC\; died at 70.\nAlive at the same ti me as Archimedes\, Qin Shi Huang\, Xunzi\, Hannibal\, and Eratosthenes.\n\ nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennius SUMMARY:Ennius · 239–169 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-sei-shonagon-q231603 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09660101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10260101 DESCRIPTION:Sei Shōnagon \, or Seijo \, was a Japanese author\, poet\, and court lady who served the Empress Teishi (Sadako) around the year 1000\, during the middle Heian period. She is the author of The Pillow Book .\n\n 966 – 1025\; died at about 59.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Lei f Erikson\, Sylvester II\, Vladimir the Great\, and Murasaki Shikibu.\n\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sei_Sh%C5%8Dnagon SUMMARY:Sei Shōnagon · 966–1025 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-artaxerxes-i-q189689 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04220101 DESCRIPTION:Artaxerxes I was the fifth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Emp ire of Persia\, from August 465 to December 424 BC. He was the third son of Xerxes I. In Greek sources he is also surnamed "Long-handed"\, allegedl y because his right hand was longer than his left. Josephus and several an cient traditions identify him as King Ahasuerus\, from the Book of Esther. \n\nc. 500 BC – 424 BC\; died at about 77.\nAlive at the same time as So crates\, Sophocles\, Hippocrates\, Euripides\, and Democritus.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_I SUMMARY:Artaxerxes I · c. 500–424 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-rudaki-q312954 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08590101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09420101 DESCRIPTION:Rudaki was a poet\, singer\, and musician who is regarded as th e first major poet to write in New Persian. A court poet under the Samanid s\, he reportedly composed more than 180\,000 verses\, yet only a small po rtion of his work has survived\, most notably parts of his versification o f the Kalīla wa-Dimna\, an Arabic translation of Panchatantra.\n\n859 – 941\; died at about 82.\nAlive at the same time as Alfred the Great\, Far abi\, Abu Bakr al-Razi\, Al-Kindi\, and Charles the Bald.\n\nhttps://en.wi kipedia.org/wiki/Rudaki SUMMARY:Rudaki · 859–941 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-henry-iv-q60094 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10501117 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11060815 DESCRIPTION:Henry IV was Holy Roman Emperor (1084–1105)\, King of Germany (1054–1105)\, and King of Italy and Burgundy (1056–1105). A Salian ru ler\, he was the son of Henry III and Agnes of Poitou. After his father's death in 1056\, his mother acted as regent\, granting lands to secure aris tocratic support. Unable to control papal elections\, she witnessed the gr owing assertion of the "liberty of the Church"\, a principle central to th e emerging Gregorian Reform. In 1062\, Archbishop Anno II of Cologne kidna pped Henry and governed until he came of age in 1065.\n\nNovember 17\, 105 0 – August 14\, 1106\; died at 55.\nAlive at the same time as Omar Khayy ám\, Peter Abelard\, Anselm of Canterbury\, Su Shi\, and William the Conq ueror.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV\,_Holy_Roman_Emperor SUMMARY:Henry IV · 1050–1106 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-enheduanna-q232505 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-22511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-22500101 DESCRIPTION:Enheduanna was the entu (high) priestess of the moon god Nanna (Sīn) in the Sumerian city-state of Ur in the reign of her father\, Sargo n of Akkad. She was likely appointed by her father as the leader of the re ligious group at Ur to cement ties between the Akkadian religion of her fa ther and the native Sumerian religion. Enheduanna has been celebrated as t he earliest known named author in world history.\n\nc. 2300 BC – c. 2300 BC\; died at about 0.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enheduanna SUMMARY:Enheduanna · c. 2300–c. 2300 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-xunzi-q216072 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03120101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02250101 DESCRIPTION:Xunzi\, born Xun Kuang\, was a late Warring States period Confu cian Chinese philosopher\, often ranked as the third great Confucian philo sopher of antiquity after his predecessors Confucius and Mencius. By his t ime\, Confucianism had suffered considerable criticism from Taoist and Moh ist thinkers\, and Xunzi is traditionally regarded as a synthesizer of the se traditions with earlier Confucian thought. The result was a thorough an d cohesive revision of Confucianism\, which was crucial to the philosophy' s ability to flourish in the Han dynasty and throughout the later history of East Asia. His works were compiled in the eponymous Xunzi\, and survive in excellent condition. Unlike other ancient compilations\, his authorshi p of these texts is generally secure\, though it is likely that Western Ha n dynasty historian Liu Xiang organized them into their present form centu ries after Xunzi's death.\n\n313 BC – c. 230 BC\; died at about 82.\nAli ve at the same time as Archimedes\, Qin Shi Huang\, Chanakya\, Euclid\, an d Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher) SUMMARY:Xunzi · 313–c. 230 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-eudoxus-of-cnidus-q185150 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04070101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03530101 DESCRIPTION:Eudoxus of Cnidus was an ancient Greek astronomer\, mathematici an\, doctor\, and lawmaker. He was a student of Archytas and Plato. All of his original works are lost\, though some fragments are preserved in Hipp archus's Commentaries on the Phenomena of Aratus and Eudoxus. Spherics by Theodosius of Bithynia may be based on a work by Eudoxus.\n\n408 BC – 35 5 BC\; died at about 52.\nAlive at the same time as Aristotle\, Aristophan es\, Thucydides\, Apelles\, and Plato.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eu doxus_of_Cnidus SUMMARY:Eudoxus of Cnidus · 408–355 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-basil-ii-q41833 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09570101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10251222 DESCRIPTION:Basil II Porphyrogenitus\, given the epithet the Bulgar Slayer\ , was the senior Byzantine emperor from 976 to 1025. He and his brother Co nstantine VIII were crowned before their father Romanos II died in 963\, b ut they were too young to rule. The throne thus went to two generals\, Nik ephoros Phokas and John Tzimiskes before Basil became senior emperor\, tho ugh his influential great-uncle Basil Lekapenos remained as the de facto r uler until 985. His reign of 49 years and 11 months was the longest of any Roman emperor.\n\n957 – December 21\, 1025\; died at about 68.\nAlive a t the same time as Avicenna\, Murasaki Shikibu\, Leif Erikson\, Sylvester II\, and Ferdowsi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_II SUMMARY:Basil II · 957–1025 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003152Z UID:famous-lives-cao-cao-q204077 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01550317 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02210101 DESCRIPTION:Cao Cao\, courtesy name Mengde\, was a Chinese statesman\, warl ord\, and poet who rose to power during the end of the Han dynasty\, ultim ately taking effective control of the Han central government. He laid the foundation for the state of Cao Wei\, established by his son and successor Cao Pi\, who ended the Eastern Han dynasty and inaugurated the Three King doms period. Beginning in his own lifetime\, a corpus of legends developed around Cao Cao which built upon his talent\, his cruelty\, and his percei ved eccentricities.\n\nMarch 17\, 155 – 220\; died at about 64.\nAlive a t the same time as Ptolemy\, Nagarjuna\, Apuleius\, Tertullian\, and Marcu s Aurelius.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Cao SUMMARY:Cao Cao · 155–220 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-ptolemy-ii-philadelphus-q39576 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03070101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02450125 DESCRIPTION:Ptolemy II Philadelphus was the pharaoh and basileus of the Pto lemaic Kingdom from 284 to 246 BC. He was the son of Ptolemy I\, the Maced onian general of Alexander the Great who founded the Ptolemaic Kingdom aft er the death of Alexander\, and Queen Berenice I\, originally from Macedon .\n\n308 BC – January 24\, 246 BC\; died at about 62.\nAlive at the same time as Archimedes\, Epicurus\, Chanakya\, Euclid\, and Qin Shi Huang.\n\ nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus SUMMARY:Ptolemy II Philadelphus · 308–246 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-cambyses-ii-q182483 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05580101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05200101 DESCRIPTION:Cambyses II was the second King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empi re\, reigning from 530 to 522 BCE. He was the son of and successor to Cyru s the Great \; his mother was Cassandane. His relatively brief reign was m arked by his conquests in North Africa\, notably Egypt\, which he took by defeating pharaoh Psamtik III at the Battle of Pelusium in 525 BC. After h is victory in Egypt\, he expanded the empire's holdings in Africa by takin g Cyrenaica\, the coastal region of eastern Libya. In the spring of 522 BC \, Cambyses had to leave Egypt hastily to put down a revolt in Persia.\n\n 559 BC – 522 BC\; died at about 36.\nAlive at the same time as Confucius \, The Buddha\, Anacreon\, Pythagoras\, and Sun Tzu.\n\nhttps://en.wikiped ia.org/wiki/Cambyses_II SUMMARY:Cambyses II · 559–522 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-narmer-q189582 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-31511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-30480101 DESCRIPTION:Narmer was an ancient Egyptian king of the Early Dynastic Perio d\, whose reign began at the end of the 4th millennium BC. He is believed to have been the successor to the Protodynastic king Ka. Many scholars con sider him the unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty\, and in t urn the first king of a unified Egypt. He also had a prominently noticeabl e presence in Canaan\, compared to his predecessors and successors. Neithh otep is thought to be his queen consort or his daughter.\n\nc. 3200 BC – 3050 BC\; died at about 151.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmer SUMMARY:Narmer · c. 3200–3050 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-diogenes-laertius-q59138 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01841231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02450101 DESCRIPTION:Diogenes Laërtius was a biographer of the Greek philosophers. Little is definitively known about his life\, but his surviving work\, Liv es and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers\, remains a primary source for the history of ancient Greek philosophy. His reputation is controversial amon g scholars because he often repeats information from his sources without c ritically evaluating it. In many cases\, he focuses on insignificant detai ls of his subjects' lives while ignoring important details of their philos ophical teachings and he sometimes fails to distinguish between earlier an d later teachings of specific philosophical schools. However\, unlike many other ancient secondary sources\, Diogenes Laërtius tends to report phil osophical teachings without trying to reinterpret or expand on them\, and so his accounts are often closer to the primary sources. Due to the loss o f so many of the primary sources on which Diogenes relied\, his work has b ecome the foremost surviving source on the history of Greek philosophy.\n\ nc. 180 – c. 240\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Tertulli an\, Septimius Severus\, Diophantus of Alexandria\, Cyprian\, and Nagarjun a.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogenes_Laertius SUMMARY:Diogenes Laërtius · c. 180–c. 240 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-porphyry-q203445 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02330101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03020101 DESCRIPTION:Porphyry was a Phoenician Neoplatonic philosopher born in Tyre\ , Roman Phoenicia during Roman rule. He edited and published the Enneads\, the only collection of the work of Plotinus\, his teacher.\n\n233 – 301 \; died at about 68.\nAlive at the same time as Constantine the Great\, Or igen\, Diophantus of Alexandria\, Cyprian\, and Nagarjuna.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyry_of_Tyre SUMMARY:Porphyry · 233–301 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-henry-i-the-fowler-q150620 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08760101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09360708 DESCRIPTION:Henry the Fowler was the duke of Saxony from 912 and the king o f East Francia from 919 until his death in 936. As the first non-Frankish king of East Francia\, he established the Ottonian dynasty of kings and em perors\, and he is generally considered to be the founder of the medieval German state\, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter\, he obtai ned the epithet "the Fowler" because he was allegedly fixing his birding n ets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.\n\n876 – July 7\, 936\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Farabi\, A bu Bakr al-Razi\, Rudaki\, Alfred the Great\, and Æthelstan.\n\nhttps://e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler SUMMARY:Henry I the Fowler · 876–936 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-gallienus-q104475 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02180101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02690101 DESCRIPTION:Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus was Roman emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and alone from 260 to 268. He ruled during the Crisis of the Third Century that nearly caused the collapse of the em pire. He won numerous military victories against usurpers and Germanic tri bes\, but was unable to prevent the secession of important provinces. His 15-year reign was the longest in half a century.\n\n218 – 268\; died at about 49.\nAlive at the same time as Nagarjuna\, Origen\, Diophantus of Al exandria\, Cyprian\, and Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallie nus SUMMARY:Gallienus · 218–268 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-stephen-king-of-england-q60849 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10950101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11541102 DESCRIPTION:Stephen\, often referred to as Stephen of Blois\, was King of E ngland from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He was Count of Boulogn e jure uxoris from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 11 44. His reign was marked by the Anarchy\, a civil war with his cousin and rival\, the Empress Matilda\, whose son\, Henry II\, succeeded Stephen as the first of the Angevin kings of England.\n\n1095 – November 1\, 1154\; died at about 59.\nAlive at the same time as Omar Khayyám\, Averroes\, Z hu Xi\, Anselm of Canterbury\, and Saladin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/Stephen\,_King_of_England SUMMARY:Stephen\, King of England · 1095–1154 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-publilius-syrus-q363375 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00500101 DESCRIPTION:Publilius Syrus was a Latin writer\, best known for his sentent iae. He was a Roman Syrian from Antioch who was brought as a slave to Roma n Italy. Syrus was brought to Rome on the same ship that brought a certain Manilius Antiochus\, astronomer\, and Staberius Eros the grammarian. By h is wit and talent\, Syrus won the favour of his master\, who granted him m anumission and educated him. He became a member of the Publilia gens. Publ ilius' name\, due to the palatalization of 'l' between two 'i's in the Ear ly Middle Ages\, is often presented by manuscripts in corrupt form as 'Pub lius'\, Publius being a very common Roman praenomen.\n\nc. 100 BC – c. 1 00 BC\; died at about 0.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publilius_Syrus SUMMARY:Publilius Syrus · c. 100–c. 100 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-erik-the-red-q172345 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10040101 DESCRIPTION:Erik Thorvaldsson\, known as Erik the Red\, was a Norse explore r\, described in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded the first European settlement in Greenland. He most likely earned the epithet "the Red" due to the color of his hair and beard.\n\n950 – 1003\; died at about 52.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Murasaki Shikibu\, Sylv ester II\, Vladimir the Great\, and Ferdowsi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Erik_the_Red SUMMARY:Erik the Red · 950–1003 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-archilochus-of-paros-q201323 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06870101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-06430101 DESCRIPTION:Archilochus was an iambic poet of the Archaic period from the i sland of Paros. He is celebrated for his versatile and innovative use of p oetic meters\, and is the earliest known Greek author to compose almost en tirely on the theme of his own emotions and experiences.\n\n688 BC – 645 BC\; died at about 42.\nAlive at the same time as Ashurbanipal\, Micah\, Hesiod\, and Esarhaddon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archilochus SUMMARY:Archilochus of Paros · 688–645 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-lothair-i-q150735 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07950101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08551004 DESCRIPTION:Lothair I was a 9th-century Emperor of the Carolingian Empire a nd King of Italy (818–855) and Middle Francia (843–855).\n\n795 – Oc tober 3\, 855\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Muḥammad ib n Musa al-Khwarizmi\, Abu Nuwas\, Ādi Shankara\, Al-Shafi'i\, and Charlem agne.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothair_I SUMMARY:Lothair I · 795–855 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-valentinian-iii-q170026 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04190703 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04550318 DESCRIPTION:Valentinian III was Roman emperor in the West from 425 to 455. Starting in childhood\, his reign over the Roman Empire was one of the lon gest\, but was dominated by civil wars among powerful generals and the bar barian invasions. He was the youngest sole emperor in the Western Roman Em pire.\n\nJuly 3\, 419 – March 17\, 455\; died at 35.\nAlive at the same time as Augustine of Hippo\, Bodhidharma\, Zu Chongzhi\, Geiseric\, and Pr oclus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinian_III SUMMARY:Valentinian III · 419–455 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-cyprian-q190240 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02590101 DESCRIPTION:Cyprian was a bishop of Carthage and an early Christian writer of Berber descent\, many of whose Latin works are extant. He is recognized as a saint in the Western and Eastern churches.\n\n200 – 258\; died at about 58.\nAlive at the same time as Nagarjuna\, Tertullian\, Septimius Se verus\, Diophantus of Alexandria\, and Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.o rg/wiki/Cyprian SUMMARY:Cyprian · 200–258 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-khafra-q199861 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-26110101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-25280101 DESCRIPTION:Khafre or Chephren was an ancient Egyptian monarch who was the fourth king of the Fourth Dynasty\, during the earlier half of the Old Kin gdom period. He was son of the king Khufu\, and succeeded his brother Djed efre to the throne.\n\n2612 BC – 2530 BC\; died at about 81.\nAlive at t he same time as Khufu.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khafre SUMMARY:Khafra · 2612–2530 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-waleed-al-husseini-q5376037 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19890625 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Waleed Al-Husseini or Walid Husayin is a Palestinian atheist\, secularist essayist\, writer\, blogger\, ex-Muslim and founder of the Coun cil of Ex-Muslims of France. Born and raised in Qalqilya in the West Bank\ , he has been living in France since 2012.\n\nBorn June 25\, 1989\; 37 tod ay.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstron g\, Stephen Hawking\, and Donald Trump.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W aleed_Al-Husseini SUMMARY:Waleed Al-Husseini · born 1989 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-zhang-heng-q197206 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00780101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01400101 DESCRIPTION:Zhang Heng\, courtesy name Pingzi\, formerly romanized Chang He ng\, was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. Educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang' an\, he achieved success as an astronomer\, mathematician\, seismologist\, hydraulic engineer\, inventor\, geographer\, cartographer\, ethnographer\ , artist\, poet\, philosopher\, politician\, and literary scholar.\n\n78 – 139\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Marcus Aurelius\, P lutarch\, John the Apostle\, Apuleius\, and Ptolemy.\n\nhttps://en.wikiped ia.org/wiki/Zhang_Heng SUMMARY:Zhang Heng · 78–139 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-charles-the-simple-q187519 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08790921 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09291013 DESCRIPTION:Charles III\, called the Simple or the Straightforward\, was th e king of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the king of Lotharingia from 911 until 919–923. He was a member of the Carolingian dynasty.\n\nSepte mber 21\, 879 – October 12\, 929\; died at 50.\nAlive at the same time a s Farabi\, Abu Bakr al-Razi\, Rudaki\, Alfred the Great\, and Æthelstan.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Simple SUMMARY:Charles the Simple · 879–929 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-seti-i-q157918 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-13220101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-12770101 DESCRIPTION:Menmaatre Seti I was the second pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynas ty of Egypt during the New Kingdom period\, ruling 1290 BC to 1279 BC. He was the son of Ramesses I and Sitre\, and the father of Ramesses II .\nThe name Seti means 'of Set'\, which indicates that he was consecrated to the god Set. As a result\, other Egyptian transliterations of Seti's name can include Sethi or Sutekhi. As with most pharaohs\, Seti had several names. Upon his ascension\, he took the prenomen mn-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ vocalised in E gyptian as Menmaatre 'Established is the Justice of Re'. His better known nomen\, or birth name\, is transliterated as sty mry-n-ptḥ or Sety Meren ptah\, meaning 'Man of Set\, beloved of Ptah'.\n\n1323 BC – 1279 BC\; di ed at about 44.\nAlive at the same time as Ramesses II\, Ramesses I\, Nefe rtari\, and Horemheb.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seti_I SUMMARY:Seti I · 1323–1279 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-bodhidharma-q187172 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04400101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05410101 DESCRIPTION:Bodhidharma was a semi-legendary Buddhist monk who lived during the 5th or 6th century CE. He is traditionally credited as the transmitte r of Chan Buddhism to China\, and is regarded as its first Chinese patriar ch. He is also popularly regarded as the founder of Shaolin kung fu\, an i dea popularized in the 20th century\, but based on the 17th-century Yijin Jing and the Daoist association of daoyin gymnastics with Bodhidharma.\n\n 440 – 540\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Justinian I\, Aryabhata\, Brendan the Navigator\, Boethius\, and Benedict of Nursia.\n\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhidharma SUMMARY:Bodhidharma · 440–540 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-otto-ii-q150512 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09550101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09831208 DESCRIPTION:Otto II\, called the Red\, was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 unti l his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty\, he was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy.\n\n955 – December 7\, 983\; died at about 28.\nAlive at the same time as Murasa ki Shikibu\, Ibn al-Haytham\, Leif Erikson\, Sylvester II\, and Ferdowsi.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_II\,_Holy_Roman_Emperor SUMMARY:Otto II · 955–983 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-yazid-i-q217442 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:06460101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06831115 DESCRIPTION:Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan\, commonly known as Yazid I\, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate\, ruling from April 680 un til his death in November 683. His appointment by his father Mu'awiya I wa s the first hereditary succession to the caliphate in Islamic history. His caliphate was marked by the death of Muhammad's grandson Husayn ibn Ali a nd the start of the crisis known as the Second Fitna.\n\n646 – November 14\, 683\; died at about 37.\nAlive at the same time as Brahmagupta\, Bede \, Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib\, Uthman ibn Affan\, and Xuanzang.\n\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazid_I SUMMARY:Yazid I · 646–683 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-sennacherib-q207140 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-07440101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-06801014 DESCRIPTION:Sennacherib was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 705 B C until his assassination in 681 BC. The second king of the Sargonid dyna sty\, Sennacherib is one of the most famous Assyrian kings for the role he plays in the Hebrew Bible\, which describes his campaign in the Levant. O ther events of his reign include his destruction of the city of Babylon in 689 BC and his renovation and expansion of the last great Assyrian capit al\, Nineveh.\n\n745 BC – October 13\, 681 BC\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Hesiod\, Micah\, Hezekiah\, Sargon II\, and Esarhaddo n.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sennacherib SUMMARY:Sennacherib · 745–681 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-amenhotep-iii-q42606 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-13990101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-13490101 DESCRIPTION:Amenhotep III\, also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amen hotep the Great and Hellenized as Amenophis III\, was the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. According to different authors following the "Low Chronology"\, he ruled Ancient Egypt from June 1386 to 1349 BC\, or from June 1388 BC to December 1351 BC/1350 BC\, after his father Thutmose IV di ed. Amenhotep was Thutmose's son by a minor wife\, Mutemwiya.\n\n1400 BC – 1351 BC\; died at about 48.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep _III SUMMARY:Amenhotep III · 1400–1351 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-louis-vi-of-france-q165883 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10811207 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11370809 DESCRIPTION:Louis VI\, called the Fat or the Fighter\, reigned as King of t he Franks from 1108 to 1137. Like his father Philip I\, Louis made a lasti ng contribution to centralizing the institutions of royal power. He spent much of his twenty-nine-year reign fighting – either against the "robber barons" who plagued the Île-de-France\, or against Henry I of England fo r the English continental possessions in Normandy. Nonetheless\, Louis VI managed to reinforce his influence considerably\, often resorting to force to bring lawless knights to justice\, and was the first member of the Hou se of Capet to issue ordonnances applying to the whole of the kingdom of F rance.\n\nDecember 7\, 1081 – August 8\, 1137\; died at 55.\nAlive at th e same time as Omar Khayyám\, Averroes\, Peter Abelard\, Anselm of Canter bury\, and Frederick Barbarossa.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VI _of_France SUMMARY:Louis VI of France · 1081–1137 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-arrian-q31845 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00890101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01810101 DESCRIPTION:Arrian\, also known as Arrian of Nicomedia\, was a Greek histor ian\, public servant\, military commander\, and philosopher of the Roman p eriod.\n\n89 – 180\; died at about 90.\nAlive at the same time as Marcus Aurelius\, Ptolemy\, John the Apostle\, Apuleius\, and Plutarch.\n\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrian SUMMARY:Arrian · 89–180 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-shapur-i-q191455 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03000102 DESCRIPTION:Shapur I also known as Shapur I the Great was the second Sasani an King of Kings of Iran. The precise dating of his reign is disputed\, bu t it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270\, with his father A rdashir I as co-regent until the death of the latter in 242. Shapur also c onsolidated and expanded the empire of Ardashir I\, waged war against the Roman Empire\, and seized its cities of Nisibis and Carrhae while he was a dvancing as far as Roman Syria. Although he was defeated at the Battle of Resaena in 243 by Roman emperor Gordian III\, the following year he was ab le to win the Battle of Misiche and force the new Roman emperor Philip the Arab to sign a favorable peace treaty that was regarded by the Romans as "a most shameful treaty".\n\nc. 300 – 270\; died at about -30.\n\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_I SUMMARY:Shapur I · c. 300–270 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-mansur-al-hallaj-q172862 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08580101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09220327 DESCRIPTION:Mansour al-Hallaj\, also known as Mansour Hallaj\, was a Muslim mystic\, poet\, preacher\, and teacher of Sufism\, and one of the most co ntroversial figures in Islamic history. During his lifetime he attracted a large popular following and was acclaimed as a saint by many ordinary bel ievers\, while Muslim jurists condemned him as a heretic. Most of his cont emporary Sufis likewise disapproved of his actions\, although he later bec ame a major figure in the Sufi tradition.\n\n858 – March 26\, 922\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Alfred the Great\, Farabi\, Abu B akr al-Razi\, Al-Kindi\, and Charles the Bald.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Al-Hallaj SUMMARY:Mansur Al-Hallaj · 858–922 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-apollonius-of-rhodes-q192638 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02940101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02130101 DESCRIPTION:Apollonius of Rhodes was an ancient Greek author\, best known f or the Argonautica\, an epic poem about Jason and the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece. The poem is one of the few extant examples of the epic genre and it was both innovative and influential\, providing Pto lemaic Egypt with a "cultural mnemonic" or national "archive of images"\, and offering the Latin poets Virgil and Gaius Valerius Flaccus a model for their own epics. His other poems\, which survive only in small fragments\ , concerned the beginnings or foundations of cities\, such as Alexandria a nd Cnidus\, which were places of interest to the Ptolemies\, whom he serve d as a scholar and librarian at the Library of Alexandria. A literary disp ute with Callimachus\, another Alexandrian librarian/poet\, is a topic muc h discussed by modern scholars since it is thought to give some insight in to their poetry\, although there is very little evidence that there ever w as such a dispute between the two men. In fact\, almost nothing at all is known about Apollonius and even his connection with Rhodes is a matter for speculation. Once considered a mere imitator of Homer\, and therefore a f ailure as a poet\, his reputation has been enhanced by recent studies\, wi th an emphasis on the special characteristics of Hellenistic poets as scho larly heirs of a long literary tradition writing at a unique time in histo ry.\n\n295 BC – 215 BC\; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same time as Ar chimedes\, Qin Shi Huang\, Epicurus\, Euclid\, and Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes SUMMARY:Apollonius of Rhodes · 295–215 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-shri-ramanujacharya-q1741798 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10491231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11500101 DESCRIPTION:Ramanuja\, also known as Rāmānujācārya\, was an Indian Hind u philosopher\, guru and social reformer. He is one of the most important exponents of the Sri Vaishnavism tradition in Hinduism. His philosophical foundations for devotional practice were influential in the Bhakti movemen t.\n\nc. 1000 – c. 1100\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Omar Khayyám\, Saladin\, Averroes\, Zhu Xi\, and William the Conqueror.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanuja SUMMARY:Shri Ramanujacharya · c. 1000–c. 1100 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-alcaeus-of-mytilene-q212872 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05990101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05580101 DESCRIPTION:Alcaeus of Mytilene was a lyric poet from the Greek island of L esbos who is credited with inventing the Alcaic stanza. He was included in the canonical list of nine lyric poets by the scholars of Hellenistic Ale xandria. He was a contemporary of Sappho\, with whom he may have exchanged poems. He was born into the aristocratic governing class of Mytilene\, th e main city of Lesbos\, where he was involved in political disputes and fe uds.\n\n600 BC – 560 BC\; died at about 40.\nAlive at the same time as P ythagoras\, Cyrus the Great\, Zoroaster\, Thales\, and Sappho.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaeus SUMMARY:Alcaeus of Mytilene · 600–560 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-geiseric-q152127 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03890101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04780101 DESCRIPTION:Gaiseric\, also known as Geiseric or Genseric was king of the V andals and Alans from 428 to 477 AD. He ruled over the Vandal kingdom and migrated the kingdom to North Africa\, playing a key role in the decline o f the Western Roman Empire during the 5th century.\n\n389 – 477\; died a t about 88.\nAlive at the same time as Augustine of Hippo\, Hypatia\, Zu C hongzhi\, Jerome\, and John Chrysostom.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G aiseric SUMMARY:Geiseric · 389–477 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-tariq-ibn-ziyad-q230497 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:06700101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07210101 DESCRIPTION:Tariq ibn Ziyad\, also known simply as Tarik in English\, was a n Umayyad commander who initiated the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Penin sula against the Visigothic Kingdom in 711–718 AD. He led an army and cr ossed the Strait of Gibraltar from the North African coast\, consolidating his troops at what is today known as the Rock of Gibraltar.\n\n670 – 72 0\; died at about 49.\nAlive at the same time as Li Bai\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, Bede\, Charles Martel\, and John of Damascus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tariq_ibn_Ziyad SUMMARY:Tariq ibn Ziyad · 670–720 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-shen-kuo-q270085 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10310101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10960101 DESCRIPTION:Shen Kuo or Shen Gua\, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseu donym Mengqi Weng (夢溪翁)\, was a Chinese polymath\, scientist\, and s tatesman of the Northern Song dynasty. Shen was a master in many fields of study including mathematics\, optics\, and horology. In his career as a c ivil servant\, he became a finance minister\, governmental state inspector \, head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court\, Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality\, and also served as an academic chancel lor. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group\, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (1021–1085). \n\n1031 – 1095\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as William t he Conqueror\, Peter Abelard\, Anselm of Canterbury\, Solomon ibn Gabirol\ , and Omar Khayyám.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo SUMMARY:Shen Kuo · 1031–1095 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-tomyris-q464777 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05500101 DESCRIPTION:Tomyris also called Thomyris\, Tomris\, or Tomiride\, was a 6th -century BC queen of the Massagetae\, a nomadic people who inhabited the E urasian steppe. Tomyris is known only from the writings of the Greek histo rian Herodotus\, according to whom she led her armies to defend against an attack by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire\, and defeated and kil led him in 530 BC. She is not mentioned in the few other early sources cov ering the period\, especially Ctesias.\n\nc. 600 BC – c. 600 BC\; died a t about 0.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomyris SUMMARY:Tomyris · c. 600–c. 600 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-johannes-scotus-eriugena-q184500 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08041231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08780101 DESCRIPTION:John Scotus Eriugena\, also known as Johannes Scotus Erigena\, John the Scot or John the Irish-born\, was an Irish Neoplatonist philosoph er\, theologian and poet of the Early Middle Ages. Bertrand Russell dubbed him "the most astonishing person of the ninth century". The Stanford Ency clopedia of Philosophy states that he "is the most significant Irish intel lectual of the early monastic period. He is generally recognized to be bot h the outstanding philosopher of the Carolingian era and of the whole peri od of Latin philosophy stretching from Boethius to Anselm".\n\nc. 800 – 877\; died at about 77.\nAlive at the same time as Muḥammad ibn Musa al- Khwarizmi\, Alfred the Great\, Jabir ibn Hayyan\, Al-Shafi'i\, and Ādi Sh ankara.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena SUMMARY:Johannes Scotus Eriugena · c. 800–877 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-shapur-ii-q234860 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03100301 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03800101 DESCRIPTION:Shapur II\, also known as Shapur the Great\, was the tenth King of Kings (Shahanshah) of the Sasanian Empire. He took the title at birth and held it until his death at age 70\, making him the longest-reigning mo narch in Sasanian history. He was the son of Hormizd II.\n\n310 – 379\; died at about 68.\nAlive at the same time as Augustine of Hippo\, Hypatia\ , Ausonius\, Pappus of Alexandria\, and Constantine the Great.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_II SUMMARY:Shapur II · 310–379 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-hippolytus-q207113 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01700101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02360901 DESCRIPTION:Hippolytus of Rome was one of the most important Christian thin kers of the second and third centuries\, though his provenance\, identity\ , and corpus remain elusive to scholars and historians. Suggested communit ies include Rome\, Palestine\, Egypt\, Anatolia\, and other regions of the Middle East. The best historians of literature in the ancient church\, in cluding Eusebius and Jerome\, openly admit they cannot name where Hippolyt us the biblical commentator and theologian served in leadership. They had read his works but did not possess evidence of his community. Photios I of Constantinople describes him in his Bibliotheca as a disciple of Irenaeus \, who was said to be a disciple of Polycarp\; from the context\, it seems Photios was suggesting Hippolytus publicly identified himself in this way . But this assertion is doubtful. One older theory claims he came into con flict with the popes of his time and seems to have headed a schismatic gro up as a rival to the bishop of Rome\, thus becoming an antipope. In this v iew\, he opposed the Roman popes because they softened the penitential sys tem to accommodate the large number of new pagan converts. However\, he wa s reconciled to the Church before he died as a martyr.\n\n170 – 236\; di ed at about 66.\nAlive at the same time as Marcus Aurelius\, Nagarjuna\, D iophantus of Alexandria\, Cyprian\, and Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome SUMMARY:Hippolytus · 170–236 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-feodor-iii-of-russia-q184868 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16610609 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16820508 DESCRIPTION:Feodor III or Fyodor III Alekseyevich was Tsar of all Russia fr om 1676 until his death in 1682. Despite poor health from childhood\, he m anaged to pass reforms on improving meritocracy within the civil and milit ary state administration as well as founding the Slavic Greek Latin Academ y.\n\nJune 9\, 1661 – May 7\, 1682\; died at 20.\nAlive at the same time as Isaac Newton\, Molière\, John Locke\, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz\, and Matsuo Bashō.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feodor_III_of_Russia SUMMARY:Feodor III of Russia · 1661–1682 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-edmund-i-q190166 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09200101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09460527 DESCRIPTION:Edmund I or Eadmund I was King of the English from 27 October 9 39 until his death in 946. He was the elder son of King Edward the Elder a nd his third wife\, Queen Eadgifu\, and a grandson of King Alfred the Grea t. Edmund was crowned king after his eldest half-brother\, King Æthelstan \, died childless in 939. He had two sons\, Eadwig and Edgar\, who were yo ung children when he was killed in a brawl with an outlaw at Pucklechurch in Gloucestershire. Edmund was succeeded by his younger brother Eadred\, w ho died in 955 and was followed by Edmund's sons in succession.\n\n920 – May 26\, 946\; died at about 26.\nAlive at the same time as Farabi\, Ruda ki\, Al-Battani\, Æthelstan\, and Henry I the Fowler.\n\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/Edmund_I SUMMARY:Edmund I · 920–946 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-ausonius-q234593 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03090101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03930101 DESCRIPTION:Decimus Magnus Ausonius was a Roman poet and teacher of rhetori c from Burdigala\, Aquitaine. For a time\, he was tutor to the future Empe ror Gratian\, who afterwards bestowed the consulship on him. His best-know n poems are Mosella\, a description of the River Moselle\, and Ephemeris\, an account of a typical day in his life. His many other verses show his c oncern for his family\, friends\, teachers and circle of well-to-do acquai ntances and his delight in the technical handling of meter.\n\n309 – 392 \; died at about 82.\nAlive at the same time as Augustine of Hippo\, Const antine the Great\, Hypatia\, Pappus of Alexandria\, and Jerome.\n\nhttps:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausonius SUMMARY:Ausonius · 309–392 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-rehoboam-q211663 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-09710101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-09120101 DESCRIPTION:Rehoboam was\, according to the Hebrew Bible\, the last monarch of the United Kingdom of Israel\, though his reign over the unified state was brief\; after the Northern and Southern kingdoms were divided\, he be came the first king of the Kingdom of Judah. He was a son of and the succe ssor to Solomon and a grandson of David.\n\n972 BC – 914 BC\; died at ab out 57.\nAlive at the same time as Solomon and Asa.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Rehoboam SUMMARY:Rehoboam · 972–914 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-sextus-empiricus-q236594 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02491231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03500101 DESCRIPTION:Sextus Empiricus was a Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher and Empiric school physician with Roman citizenship. His philosophical works are the most complete surviving account of ancient Greek and Roman Pyrrhonism\, an d because of the arguments they contain against the other Hellenistic phil osophies\, they are also a major source of information about those philoso phies.\n\nc. 200 – c. 300\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time a s Constantine the Great\, Ambrose\, Diophantus of Alexandria\, Ausonius\, and Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextus_Empiricus SUMMARY:Sextus Empiricus · c. 200–c. 300 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-ahmose-i-q7222 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-15590101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-15230101 DESCRIPTION:Ahmose I was a pharaoh and founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt in the New Kingdom of Egypt\, the era in which ancient Egypt achiev ed the peak of its power. His reign is usually dated to the mid-16th centu ry BC at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age.\n\n1560 BC – 1525 BC\; di ed at about 34.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmose_I SUMMARY:Ahmose I · 1560–1525 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-proclus-q271809 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04120209 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04850419 DESCRIPTION:Proclus Lycius\, called Proclus the Successor\, was a Greek Neo platonic philosopher\, one of the last major classical philosophers of lat e antiquity. He set forth one of the most elaborate and fully developed sy stems of Neoplatonism and\, through later interpreters and translators\, e xerted an influence on Byzantine philosophy\, early Islamic philosophy\, s cholastic philosophy\, and German idealism\, especially G. W. F. Hegel\, w ho called Proclus's Platonic Theology "the true turning point or transitio n from ancient to modern times\, from ancient philosophy to Christianity." \n\nFebruary 9\, 412 – April 18\, 485\; died at 73.\nAlive at the same t ime as Augustine of Hippo\, Clovis I\, Anthemius of Tralles\, Theodoric th e Great\, and Honorius.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclus SUMMARY:Proclus · 412–485 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-sneferu-q189371 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-26511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-26070101 DESCRIPTION:Sneferu or Soris was an ancient Egyptian monarch and the first pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt\, during the earlier half of the Ol d Kingdom period. He introduced major innovations in the design and constr uction of pyramids\, and at least three of his pyramids survive to this da y.\n\nc. 2700 BC – 2609 BC\; died at about 92.\nAlive at the same time a s Khufu.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneferu SUMMARY:Sneferu · c. 2700–2609 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-hezekiah-q244912 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-07400101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-06840101 DESCRIPTION:Hezekiah\, also known as Ezekias\, was the son of Ahaz and the thirteenth king of Judah. He is described as "the best-attested figure in biblical history\," due to the extensive documentation of his reign in bib lical texts and external sources. His reign was marked by his significant religious reforms and his revolt against the Assyrian Empire. He witnessed the destruction of the northern Kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians under Sargon II in c. 722 BCE and later faced the Assyrian siege of Jerusalem by King Sennacherib in 701 BCE.\n\n741 BC – 686 BC\; died at about 55.\ nAlive at the same time as Hesiod\, Micah\, Sennacherib\, Sargon II\, and Esarhaddon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezekiah SUMMARY:Hezekiah · 741–686 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-posidonius-q185770 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01340101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00490101 DESCRIPTION:Posidonius was a Greek politician\, astronomer\, astrologer\, g eographer\, historian\, mathematician\, and teacher native to Apamea\, Syr ia. He was considered the most learned man of his time and\, possibly\, of the entire Stoic school.\n\n135 BC – 51 BC\; died at about 84.\nAlive a t the same time as Julius Caesar\, Virgil\, Hipparchus\, Augustus\, and Ci cero.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posidonius SUMMARY:Posidonius · 135–51 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-david-ii-of-scotland-q239486 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13240305 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13710223 DESCRIPTION:David II was King of Scotland from 1329 until his death in 1371 . Upon the death of his father\, Robert the Bruce\, David succeeded to the throne at the age of five and was crowned at Scone in November 1331\, bec oming the first Scottish monarch to be anointed at his coronation. During his childhood\, David was governed by a series of guardians\, and Edward I II of England sought to take advantage of David's minority by supporting a n invasion of Scotland by Edward Balliol\, beginning the Second War of Sco ttish Independence. Following the English victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333\, King David\, Queen Joan and the rump of his government wer e evacuated to France\, where he remained in exile until it was safe for h im to return to Scotland in 1341.\n\nMarch 5\, 1324 – February 22\, 1371 \; died at 46.\nAlive at the same time as Geoffrey Chaucer\, Ibn Battuta\, William of Ockham\, Giotto\, and Hafez.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ David_II_of_Scotland SUMMARY:David II of Scotland · 1324–1371 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-amos-q213850 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-08130101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-07380101 DESCRIPTION:Amos was one of the Twelve Minor Prophets of the Hebrew Bible a nd Christian Old Testament. According to the Bible\, Amos was the older co ntemporary of Hosea and Isaiah and was active c. 760–755 BC during the r ule of kings Jeroboam II of Israel and Uzziah of the Kingdom of Judah and is portrayed as being from the southern Kingdom of Judah yet preaching in the northern Kingdom of Israel (Samaria). The prophet is characterized as speaking against an increased disparity between the wealthy and the poor w ith themes of justice\, God's omnipotence\, and divine judgment. The Book of Amos is attributed to him. In recent years\, scholars have grown more s keptical of the Book of Amos's presentation of Amos's biography and backgr ound.\n\n814 BC – 740 BC\; died at about 74.\nAlive at the same time as Homer\, Sargon II\, Hesiod\, and Esarhaddon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/Amos_(prophet) SUMMARY:Amos · 814–740 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-konstantinos-v-q41635 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07180101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07750919 DESCRIPTION:Constantine V was Byzantine emperor from 741 to 775. His reign saw a consolidation of Byzantine security from external threats. As an abl e military leader\, Constantine took advantage of civil war in the Muslim world to make limited offensives on the Arab frontier. With this eastern f rontier secure\, he undertook repeated campaigns against the Bulgars in th e Balkans. His military activity\, and policy of settling Christian popula tions from the Arab frontier in Thrace\, made Byzantium's hold on its Balk an territories more secure. He was also responsible for important military and administrative innovations and reforms.\n\n718 – September 18\, 775 \; died at about 57.\nAlive at the same time as Li Bai\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, Charlemagne\, Abu Nuwas\, and Du Fu.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cons tantine_V SUMMARY:Konstantinos V · 718–775 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-antonello-da-messina-q5594 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14300101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14800101 DESCRIPTION:Antonello da Messina\, properly Antonello di Giovanni di Antoni o\, but also called Antonello degli Antoni and Anglicized as Anthony of Me ssina\, was an Italian painter from Messina\, active during the Italian Ea rly Renaissance.\n\n1430 – 1479\; died at about 48.\nAlive at the same t ime as Leonardo da Vinci\, Christopher Columbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, E rasmus\, and François Villon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonello_ da_Messina SUMMARY:Antonello da Messina · 1430–1479 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-ramesses-iii-q1528 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-12160101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-11530101 DESCRIPTION:Usermaatre Meryamun Ramesses III was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty in ancient Egypt. Some scholars date his reign from 26 M arch 1185 to 15 April 1154 BC\, and he is considered to be the last pharao h of the New Kingdom to have wielded substantial power.\n\n1217 BC – 115 5 BC\; died at about 62.\nAlive at the same time as Merneptah.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_III SUMMARY:Ramesses III · 1217–1155 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-eadwig-q191203 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09400101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09591002 DESCRIPTION:Eadwig was King of England from 23 November 955 until his death in 959. He was the elder son of Edmund I and his first wife Ælfgifu\, w ho died in 944. Eadwig and his brother Edgar were young children when thei r father was killed trying to rescue his seneschal from attack by an outla wed thief on 26 May 946. As Edmund's sons were too young to rule he was su cceeded by his brother Eadred\, who suffered from ill health and died unma rried in his early 30s.\n\n940 – October 1\, 959\; died at about 19.\nAl ive at the same time as Ferdowsi\, Farabi\, Sylvester II\, and Hrotsvitha. \n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadwig SUMMARY:Eadwig · 940–959 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-josiah-q313228 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06470101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-06070101 DESCRIPTION:Josiah or Yoshiyahu was the 16th king of Judah. Josiah’s reig n is difficult to reconstruct\, but the evidence suggests Judah remained l argely under foreign suzerainty\, with limited territorial expansion\; the accuracy of the depictions of his religious reform descriptions is widely debated among scholars.\n\n648 BC – 609 BC\; died at about 38.\nAlive a t the same time as Thales\, Sappho\, Zoroaster\, Anaximander\, and Nebucha dnezzar II.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah SUMMARY:Josiah · 648–609 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-al-battani-q11079 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09310101 DESCRIPTION:Al-Battani\, archaically Latinized as Albategnius\, was an Arab Muslim astronomer\, astrologer\, geographer and mathematician\, who lived and worked for most of his life at Raqqa\, now in Syria. He is considered to be one of the greatest and most famous of the astronomers of the medie val Islamic world.\n\n850 – 930\; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same t ime as Alfred the Great\, Farabi\, Rudaki\, Abu Bakr al-Razi\, and Al-Kind i.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Battani SUMMARY:Al-Battani · 850–930 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-pittacus-of-mytilene-q311835 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06461231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05650101 DESCRIPTION:Pittacus of Mytilene was a military general and one of the Seve n Sages of Greece.\n\nc. 650 BC – c. 570 BC\; died at about 80.\nAlive a t the same time as Cyrus the Great\, Sappho\, Zoroaster\, Pythagoras\, and Thales.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittacus_of_Mytilene SUMMARY:Pittacus of Mytilene · c. 650–c. 570 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-solomon-ibn-gabirol-q239355 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10200101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10590101 DESCRIPTION:Solomon ibn Gabirol or Solomon ben Judah was an 11th-century Je wish poet and philosopher in the neoplatonic tradition in Al-Andalus. He p ublished over a hundred poems\, as well as works of Hebrew Biblical exeges is\, philosophy\, ethics\, and satire. One source credits ibn Gabirol with creating a golem\, possibly female\, for household chores.\n\n1020 – 10 58\; died at about 38.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, William the C onqueror\, Anselm of Canterbury\, Omar Khayyám\, and Murasaki Shikibu.\n\ nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_ibn_Gabirol SUMMARY:Solomon ibn Gabirol · 1020–1058 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-menkaure-q200986 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-25310101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-25010101 DESCRIPTION:Menkaure or Menkaura was a king of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt during the Old Kingdom. He is well known under his Hellenized names Mykeri nos\, in turn Latinized as Mycerinus\, and Menkheres. According to Manetho \, he was the throne successor of king Bikheris\, but according to archaeo logical evidence\, he was almost certainly the successor of Khafre. Africa nus reports as rulers of the fourth dynasty Sôris\, Suphis I\, Suphis II\ , Mencherês (=Menkaure)\, Ratoisês\, Bicheris\, Sebercherês\, and Thamp hthis in this order. Menkaure became famous for his tomb\, the Pyramid of Menkaure\, at Giza and his statue triads\, which showed him alongside the goddess Hathor and various regional deities.\n\n2532 BC – 2503 BC\; died at about 28.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menkaure SUMMARY:Menkaure · 2532–2503 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-epaminondas-q190436 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04170101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03600101 DESCRIPTION:Epaminondas was a Greek general and statesman of the 4th centur y BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes\, leading it o ut of Spartan subjugation into a pre-eminent position in Greek politics ca lled the Theban Hegemony. In the process\, he broke Spartan military power with his victory at Leuctra and liberated the Messenian helots\, a group of Peloponnesian Greeks who had been enslaved under Spartan rule for some 230 years following their defeat in the Second Messenian War ending in 600 BC. Epaminondas reshaped the political map of Greece\, fragmented old all iances\, created new ones\, and supervised the construction of entire citi es. He was also militarily influential and invented and implemented severa l important battlefield tactics\, such as the oblique order.\n\n418 BC – 362 BC\; died at about 56.\nAlive at the same time as Aristotle\, Sophocl es\, Hippocrates\, Plato\, and Socrates.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Epaminondas SUMMARY:Epaminondas · 418–362 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-tiberius-ii-constantine-q31491 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05200101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05820817 DESCRIPTION:Tiberius II Constantine was Byzantine emperor from 578 to 582. Tiberius rose to power in 574 when Justin II\, during an abatement in a pe riod of severe mental illness\, proclaimed him caesar and adopted him as h is own son. In 578\, the dying Justin II gave him the title of augustus\, thus making Tiberius co-emperor alongside him. Tiberius became sole ruler less than two weeks later\, assuming the regnal name of Constantine under which he reigned until his death. Tiberius' reign was marked by warfare wi th the Persians\, as well as Avar incursions into the empire.\n\n520 – A ugust 16\, 582\; died at about 62.\nAlive at the same time as Muhammad\, A ryabhata\, Bodhidharma\, Justinian I\, and Gregory I.\n\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Tiberius_II_Constantine SUMMARY:Tiberius II Constantine · 520–582 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-abbas-ibn-firnas-q305975 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08100101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08880101 DESCRIPTION:Abū al-Qāsim ʿAbbās ibn Firnās ibn Wardās al-Tākurunnī\ , known as ʿAbbās ibn Firnās was an Andalusi polymath: an inventor\, as tronomer\, physician\, chemist\, engineer\, musician\, and poet. He was re ported to have experimented with unpowered flight.\n\n810 – 887\; died a t about 76.\nAlive at the same time as Alfred the Great\, Ādi Shankara\, Al-Shafi'i\, Rudaki\, and Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Firnas SUMMARY:Abbas Ibn Firnas · 810–887 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-ptolemy-v-epiphanes-q39957 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02091005 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01780101 DESCRIPTION:Ptolemy V Epiphanes Eucharistus was the King of Ptolemaic Egypt from July or August 204 BC until his death in 180 BC.\n\nOctober 5\, 210 BC – 180 BC\; died at about 29.\nAlive at the same time as Eratosthenes\ , Plautus\, Hannibal\, Cato the Elder\, and Hipparchus.\n\nhttps://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes SUMMARY:Ptolemy V Epiphanes · 210–180 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-melchizedek-q219395 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-17511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-16500101 DESCRIPTION:In the Hebrew Bible\, Melchizedek was the king of Salem and pri est of El Elyon. He is mentioned in Genesis 14:18–20\, where he brings o ut bread and wine and blesses Abram (Abraham)\, following the Battle of th e Vale of Siddim and Abram's subsequent rescue of the captives and plunder taken in the battle\, and in Psalm 110:4.\n\nc. 1800 BC – c. 1700 BC\; died at about 100.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek SUMMARY:Melchizedek · c. 1800–c. 1700 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-theodoric-i-q110892 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:03930101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04510622 DESCRIPTION:Theodoric I was the king of the Visigoths from 418 to 451. Theo doric is famous for his part in stopping Attila the Hun at the Battle of t he Catalaunian Plains in 451\, despite having been killed during the engag ement.\n\n393 – June 21\, 451\; died at about 58.\nAlive at the same tim e as Augustine of Hippo\, Hypatia\, Zu Chongzhi\, Jerome\, and John Chryso stom.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodoric_I SUMMARY:Theodoric I · 393–451 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-apelles-q216822 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03690101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03040101 DESCRIPTION:Apelles of Kos was a renowned painter of ancient Greece. Pliny the Elder\, to whom much of modern scholars' knowledge of this artist is o wed\, rated him superior to preceding and subsequent artists. He dated Ape lles to the 112th Olympiad\, possibly because he had produced a portrait o f Alexander the Great.\n\n370 BC – 306 BC\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Aristotle\, Alexander the Great\, Euclid\, Chanakya\, and Plato.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apelles SUMMARY:Apelles · 370–306 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-cyaxares-q297855 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05820101 DESCRIPTION:Cyaxares was the third king of the Medes. He ascended to the th rone in 625 BC\, after his father Phraortes lost his life in a battle agai nst the Assyrians\, probably Ashurbanipal. Assyrian allies\, the Scythians then ruled Media for 28 years before Cyaxeres overthrew Scythian dominati on and became king.\n\nc. 700 BC – 584 BC\; died at about 117.\nAlive at the same time as Thales\, Sappho\, Zoroaster\, Cyrus the Great\, and Anax imander.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyaxares SUMMARY:Cyaxares · c. 700–584 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-sargon-ii-q208336 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-07640101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-07030101 DESCRIPTION:Sargon II was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 722 BC t o his death in battle in 705. Most likely the son of Tiglath-Pileser III\, Sargon is generally believed to have become king after overthrowing Shalm aneser V\, most likely his brother. He is typically considered the founder of a new dynastic line\, the Sargonid dynasty.\n\n765 BC – 705 BC\; die d at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Homer\, Amos\, Hesiod\, Sennache rib\, and Hezekiah.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_II SUMMARY:Sargon II · 765–705 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-childeric-i-q193869 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04360101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:04820101 DESCRIPTION:Childeric I was a 5th-century Frankish ruler in what is now nor thern France\, during the period when this part of Roman Gaul became perma nently disconnected from the central Roman government in 461\, and the las t emperor based in Italy was dethroned in 476. He is the ancestor of the e arly medieval Merovingian dynasty\, and father of Clovis I\, who would go on to acquire effective control over all or most of the small Frankish kin gdoms of the time\, and unite a significant part of formerly Roman Gaul un der Frankish rule.\n\n436 – 481\; died at about 45.\nAlive at the same t ime as Bodhidharma\, Zu Chongzhi\, Clovis I\, Theodoric the Great\, and Va lentinian III.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childeric_I SUMMARY:Childeric I · 436–481 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-ramesses-i-q1526 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-13000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-12880101 DESCRIPTION:Menpehtyre Ramesses I was the founding pharaoh of ancient Egypt 's 19th Dynasty. The dates for his short reign are not completely known bu t the timeline of late 1292–1290 BC is frequently cited as well as 1295 –1294 BC. While Ramesses I was the founder of the 19th Dynasty\, his br ief reign mainly serves to mark the transition between the reign of Horemh eb\, who had stabilized Egypt in the late 18th Dynasty\, and the rule of t he powerful pharaohs of his own dynasty\, in particular his son Seti I and grandson Ramesses II.\n\nc. 1300 BC – 1290 BC\; died at about 11.\nAliv e at the same time as Ramesses II and Seti I.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Ramesses_I SUMMARY:Ramesses I · c. 1300–1290 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-pappus-of-alexandria-q211783 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02900101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03510101 DESCRIPTION:Pappus of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician of late antiquit y known for his Synagoge (Συναγωγή) or Collection\, and for Pappus 's hexagon theorem in projective geometry. Almost nothing is known about h is life except for what can be found in his own writings\, many of which a re lost. Pappus apparently lived in Alexandria\, where he worked as a math ematics teacher to higher level students\, one of whom was named Hermodoru s.\n\n290 – 350\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Constanti ne the Great\, Ambrose\, Porphyry\, Ausonius\, and Julian.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Pappus_of_Alexandria SUMMARY:Pappus of Alexandria · 290–350 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-asparuh-of-bulgaria-q189450 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:06400101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07020101 DESCRIPTION:Asparuh was a Bulgar khan in the second half of the 7th century and is credited with the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 6 81.\n\n640 – 701\; died at about 61.\nAlive at the same time as Brahmagu pta\, Bede\, Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib\, Uthman ibn Affan\, and Charles Marte l.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparuh_of_Bulgaria SUMMARY:Asparuh of Bulgaria · 640–701 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-den-q151822 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-29511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-29180101 DESCRIPTION:Den\, also known as Hor-Den\, Dewen\, and Udimu\, was the Horus name of a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period who ruled during the First Dynasty of Egypt. He is the best archaeologically-attested ruler of this period\, credited with bringing prosperity to his realm.\n\nc. 3000 BC – 2920 BC\; died at about 81.\nAlive at the same time as Qa'a.\n\nhttps://e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_(pharaoh) SUMMARY:Den · c. 3000–2920 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-alexandros-iv-of-macedon-q207847 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03220801 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03070101 DESCRIPTION:Alexander IV\, sometimes called Aegus\, was the younger son of Alexander the Great by his wife Roxana of Bactria\, born after his father' s death. As his father's only surviving legitimate child\, Alexander IV in herited the throne of the Macedonian Empire after him\; however\, he was m urdered in his early teens\, never wielding actual power.\n\n323 BC – 30 9 BC\; died at about 13.\nAlive at the same time as Euclid\, Epicurus\, Ch anakya\, Apelles\, and Menander.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexande r_IV_of_Macedon SUMMARY:Alexandros IV of Macedon · 323–309 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-su-shi-q36020 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10370114 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11010901 DESCRIPTION:Su Shi\, courtesy name Zizhan (子瞻)\, art name Householder D ongpo (東坡居士)\, was a Chinese literatus\, scholar-official\, poet\, writer\, calligrapher\, painter and gastronomist of the Song dynasty. Bor n into a prominent literary family in Meizhou\, he was the son of Su Xun a nd brother of Su Zhe. Despite ambitions for high office\, he became a repe ated target in factional struggles between reformers and conservatives at the court\, and he spent much of his career in exile\, periods during whic h his literary output flourished.\n\nJanuary 14\, 1037 – August 31\, 110 1\; died at 64.\nAlive at the same time as Omar Khayyám\, William the Con queror\, Peter Abelard\, Anselm of Canterbury\, and Bernard of Clairvaux.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Shi SUMMARY:Su Shi · 1037–1101 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-asa-q313415 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-09310101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-08680101 DESCRIPTION:Asa was\, according to the Hebrew Bible\, the third king of the Kingdom of Judah and the fifth king of the House of David. Based on the B iblical chronology\, Biblical scholars suggest that he reigned from the la te 10th to early 9th century BCE. He was succeeded by Jehoshaphat\, his so n. According to Edwin R. Thiele's chronology\, when Asa became very ill\, he made Jehoshaphat coregent. Asa died two years into the coregency.\n\n93 2 BC – 870 BC\; died at about 61.\nAlive at the same time as Elijah\, Re hoboam\, and Jehoshaphat.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asa_of_Judah SUMMARY:Asa · 932–870 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-djer-q152375 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-30511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-29780101 DESCRIPTION:Djer is considered the third pharaoh of the First Dynasty of an cient Egypt in current Egyptology. He lived around the mid 31st century BC and reigned for about 40 years. A mummified forearm of Djer or his wife w as discovered by Egyptologist Flinders Petrie\, but was discarded by Émil e Brugsch.\n\nc. 3100 BC – 2980 BC\; died at about 121.\nAlive at the sa me time as Djet.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djer SUMMARY:Djer · c. 3100–2980 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-nefertari-q210535 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-12890101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-12530101 DESCRIPTION:Nefertari was an Egyptian queen and the first of the Great Roya l Wives of Ramesses the Great. She is one of the best known Egyptian queen s\, among such women as Cleopatra\, Nefertiti\, and Hatshepsut\, and one o f the most prominent Egyptian royal consorts. She was highly educated and able to both read and write hieroglyphs\, a very rare skill at the time. S he used these skills in her diplomatic work\, corresponding with other pro minent royals of the time. Her lavishly decorated tomb\, QV66\, is one of the largest and most spectacular in the Valley of the Queens. Ramesses als o constructed a temple for her at Abu Simbel next to his colossal monument there.\n\n1290 BC – 1255 BC\; died at about 35.\nAlive at the same time as Ramesses II and Seti I.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertari SUMMARY:Nefertari · 1290–1255 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-aulus-gellius-q294800 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01230101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01660101 DESCRIPTION:Aulus Gellius was a Roman author and grammarian\, who was proba bly born and certainly brought up in Rome. He was educated in Athens\, aft er which he returned to Rome. He is famous for his Attic Nights\, a common place book\, or compilation of notes on grammar\, philosophy\, history\, a ntiquarianism\, and other subjects\, preserving fragments of the works of many authors who might otherwise be unknown today.\n\n123 – 165\; died a t about 42.\nAlive at the same time as Marcus Aurelius\, Ptolemy\, Nagarju na\, Tertullian\, and Hadrian.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulus_Gell ius SUMMARY:Aulus Gellius · 123–165 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-tatian-q272087 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01200101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01740101 DESCRIPTION:Tatian of Adiabene\, or Tatian the Syrian or Tatian the Assyria n\, was an Assyrian Christian writer and theologian of the 2nd century.\n\ n120 – 173\; died at about 53.\nAlive at the same time as Marcus Aureliu s\, Ptolemy\, Nagarjuna\, Tertullian\, and Hadrian.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Tatian SUMMARY:Tatian · 120–173 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-esarhaddon-q193912 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-07511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-06681020 DESCRIPTION:Esarhaddon\, also spelled Essarhaddon\, Assarhaddon and Ashurha ddon was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 681 to 669 BC. The third king of the Sargonid dynasty\, Esarhaddon is most famous for his conquest of Egypt in 671 BC\, which made his empire the largest the world had ever seen\, and for his reconstruction of Babylon\, which had been destroyed b y his father.\n\nc. 800 BC – October 19\, 669 BC\; died at about 132.\nA live at the same time as Hesiod\, Amos\, Ashurbanipal\, Archilochus of Par os\, and Sennacherib.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esarhaddon SUMMARY:Esarhaddon · c. 800–669 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-pepi-ii-q6198 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-22511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-21750101 DESCRIPTION:Pepi II Neferkare was a king of the Sixth Dynasty in Egypt's Ol d Kingdom. His second name\, Neferkare (Nefer-ka-Re)\, means "Beautiful is the Ka of Re". He succeeded to the throne at age six\, after the death of Nemtyemsaf I.\n\nc. 2300 BC – c. 2180 BC\; died at about 120.\n\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare SUMMARY:Pepi II · c. 2300–c. 2180 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-qa-a-q151819 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-29490101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-28880101 DESCRIPTION:Qa'a was the last king of the First Dynasty of Egypt. He reigne d for about 33 years at the end of the 30th century BC.\n\n2950 BC – 289 0 BC\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Den.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Qa%27a SUMMARY:Qa'a · 2950–2890 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-merneptah-q158043 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-12511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-12020422 DESCRIPTION:Merneptah or Merenptah was the fourth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. According to contemporary historical records\, he ruled Egypt for almost ten years\, from 13 August 1213 until his death on 2 May 1203. He was the first royal-born pharaoh since Tutankhamun of th e Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.\n\nc. 1300 BC – April 21\, 1203 BC\; died at about 98.\nAlive at the same time as Ramesses II and Ramesses III.\n\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah SUMMARY:Merneptah · c. 1300–1203 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-thutmose-ii-q158025 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-15090101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-14770101 DESCRIPTION:Thutmose II was the fourth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt\, and his reign is thought to have lasted for 14 years\, from 1493 to 1479 BC\, or just 3 years\, from around 1482 to 1479 BC. Little is kn own about him\, and he is overshadowed by his father Thutmose I\, half-sis ter and wife Hatshepsut\, and son Thutmose III. There are relatively few m onuments that refer to Thutmose II.\n\n1510 BC – 1479 BC\; died at about 31.\nAlive at the same time as Hatshepsut.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/Thutmose_II SUMMARY:Thutmose II · 1510–1479 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-marcion-of-sinope-q201346 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00850101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01610101 DESCRIPTION:Marcion of Sinope was a theologian in early Christianity. Marci on preached that God had sent Jesus Christ\, who was distinct from the "ve ngeful" God (Demiurge) who had created the world. He considered himself a follower of Paul the Apostle\, whom he believed to have been the only true apostle of Jesus Christ\; his doctrine is called Marcionism. Marcion publ ished the earliest record of a canon of New Testament books.\n\n85 – 160 \; died at about 74.\nAlive at the same time as Marcus Aurelius\, Plutarch \, Ptolemy\, Apuleius\, and Nagarjuna.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma rcion_of_Sinope SUMMARY:Marcion of Sinope · 85–160 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-ay-q146029 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-13511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-13500101 DESCRIPTION:Ay was the penultimate pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 18th Dynasty. He reigned for about four years in the late 14th century BC. Before becom ing king\, he was a prominent official and close advisor during the late 1 8th Dynasty. Following Tutankhamun's death\, Ay succeeded him as pharaoh. His prenomen Kheperkheperure means "Everlasting are the Manifestations of Ra"\, while his nomen Ay it-netjer reads as "Ay\, Father of the God". His successor\, Horemheb\, later erased and usurped monuments associated with Ay\, part of a campaign of damnatio memoriae against him and the other pha raohs associated with the Amarna Period.\n\nc. 1400 BC – c. 1400 BC\; di ed at about 0.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh) SUMMARY:Ay · c. 1400–c. 1400 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-philippikos-bardanes-q44560 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07140125 DESCRIPTION:Philippicus\, born Bardanes was Byzantine emperor from 711 to 7 13. He took power in a coup against the unpopular emperor Justinian II\, w hose second regnal period (705-711) was a rule of terror. Philippicus reig n was short-lived and his two policies implemented upon accession to the t hrone did not win him popular vote. His deposition was the result of a plo t that was conceived by the count of the Opsician army\, George Buraphus w ho sent a band of soldiers to abduct and blind the emperor. During his bri ef reign\, Philippicus supported monothelitism in Byzantine theological di sputes\, and saw conflict with the First Bulgarian Empire and the Umayyad Caliphate.\n\nc. 700 – January 24\, 714\; died at about 14.\nAlive at th e same time as Li Bai\, Abū Ḥanīfa\, Bede\, Charles Martel\, and John of Damascus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippicus SUMMARY:Philippikos Bardanes · c. 700–714 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-cambyses-i-q299428 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-05990101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-05570101 DESCRIPTION:Cambyses I was king of Anshan from c. 580 to 559 BC and the f ather of Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II)\, younger son of Cyrus I\, and brothe r of Arukku. He should not be confused with his better-known grandson Camb yses II.\n\n600 BC – 559 BC\; died at about 40.\nAlive at the same time as Pythagoras\, Sappho\, Zoroaster\, Thales\, and Cyrus the Great.\n\nhtt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambyses_I SUMMARY:Cambyses I · 600–559 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-djet-q151828 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-30000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-29680101 DESCRIPTION:Djet\, also known as Wadjet\, Wadj\, Zet\, and Uadji\, was the fourth pharaoh of the First Dynasty\, successor of Djer. Djet's Horus name means "Horus Cobra" or "Serpent of Horus".\n\nc. 3000 BC – 2970 BC\; di ed at about 31.\nAlive at the same time as Djer.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.o rg/wiki/Djet SUMMARY:Djet · c. 3000–2970 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-margaret-maid-of-norway-q229159 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12830416 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12901004 DESCRIPTION:Margaret\, known as the Maid of Norway\, was the queen-designat e of Scotland from 1286 until her death. As she was never inaugurated\, he r status as monarch is uncertain and has been debated by historians.\n\nAp ril 16\, 1283 – October 3\, 1290\; died at 7.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.or g/wiki/Margaret\,_Maid_of_Norway SUMMARY:Margaret\, Maid of Norway · 1283–1290 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-chilperic-i-q243118 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05370101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05840930 DESCRIPTION:Chilperic I was the king of Neustria from 561 to his death. He was one of the sons of the Frankish king Clotaire I and Queen Aregund.\n\n 537 – September 29\, 584\; died at about 47.\nAlive at the same time as Muhammad\, Aryabhata\, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite\, Abu Bakr\, and Ju stinian I.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilperic_I SUMMARY:Chilperic I · 537–584 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-thabit-ibn-qurra-q250568 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08360101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09020101 DESCRIPTION:Thābit ibn Qurra\, was a pagan Sabian scholar known for his wo rk in mathematics\, medicine\, astronomy\, and translation. He lived in Ba ghdad in the second half of the ninth century during the time of the Abbas id Caliphate.\n\n836 – 901\; died at about 65.\nAlive at the same time a s Alfred the Great\, Farabi\, Ahmad ibn Hanbal\, Rudaki\, and Muḥammad i bn Musa al-Khwarizmi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C4%81bit_ibn_Qur ra SUMMARY:Thābit ibn Qurra · 836–901 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-jehoshaphat-q126689 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-09040101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-08470101 DESCRIPTION:Jehoshaphat\, according to the Hebrew Bible\, was the son of As a\, and the fourth king of the Kingdom of Judah\, in succession to his fat her. His children included Jehoram\, who succeeded him as king. His mother was Azubah. Historically\, his name has sometimes been connected with the Valley of Josaphat.\n\n905 BC – 849 BC\; died at about 56.\nAlive at th e same time as Elijah and Asa.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehoshapha t SUMMARY:Jehoshaphat · 905–849 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-joel-q45053 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01000102 DESCRIPTION:Joel is a Biblical prophet\, the second of the Twelve Minor Pro phets\, and\, according to itself\, the author of the Book of Joel\, which is set in the early Assyrian period. Scholars meanwhile view the Book of Joel as having been completed in the Ptolemaic period due to its use of ea rlier texts and perspective on Yahweh and the nations.\n\nc. 100 BC – c. 700 BC\; died at about -600.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_(proph et) SUMMARY:Joel · c. 100–c. 700 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-scipio-aemilianus-q2307 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01840101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01270101 DESCRIPTION:Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus\, known as Scipio Aemilianus or Scipio Africanus the Younger\, was a Roman general and stat esman noted for his military exploits in the Third Punic War against Carth age and during the Numantine War in Spain. He oversaw the final defeat and destruction of the city of Carthage. He was a prominent patron of writers and philosophers\, the most famous of whom was the Greek historian Polybi us. In politics\, he opposed the populist reform program of his murdered b rother-in-law\, Tiberius Gracchus.\n\n185 BC – 129 BC\; died at about 56 .\nAlive at the same time as Terence\, Hipparchus\, Cato the Elder\, Apoll onius of Perga\, and Gaius Marius.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scipio _Aemilianus SUMMARY:Scipio Aemilianus · 185–129 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-horemheb-q157995 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-13511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-12900101 DESCRIPTION:Horemheb\, also spelled Horemhab\, Haremheb or Haremhab\, was t he last pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. He ruled for at least 14 y ears between 1319 BC and 1292 BC. He had no relation to the preceding ro yal family other than by marriage to Mutnedjmet\, who is thought to have b een the daughter of his predecessor\, Ay\; he is believed to have been of common birth.\n\nc. 1400 BC – 1292 BC\; died at about 109.\nAlive at the same time as Ramesses II and Seti I.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hor emheb SUMMARY:Horemheb · c. 1400–1292 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-khasekhemwy-q294266 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-27511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-26500101 DESCRIPTION:Khasekhemwy was the last Pharaoh of the Second Dynasty of Egypt . Little is known about him\, other than that he led several significant m ilitary campaigns\, reunified Egypt by his 13th year and built the large m udbrick structure known as Shunet El Zebib.\n\nc. 2800 BC – c. 2700 BC\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Imhotep and Djoser.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasekhemwy SUMMARY:Khasekhemwy · c. 2800–c. 2700 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-judah-halevi-q299200 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10750101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11420101 DESCRIPTION:Judah haLevi was a Sephardic Jewish poet\, physician and philos opher. HaLevi is considered one of the greatest Hebrew-language poets and is celebrated for his secular and religious poems\, many of which appear i n present-day Jewish liturgy.\n\n1075 – 1141\; died at about 66.\nAlive at the same time as Omar Khayyám\, Averroes\, William the Conqueror\, Ans elm of Canterbury\, and Zhu Xi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Hal evi SUMMARY:Judah Halevi · 1075–1141 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-michael-psellos-q294109 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10180101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10780601 DESCRIPTION:Michael Psellos or Psellus was a Byzantine monk\, savant\, writ er\, philosopher\, imperial courtier\, historian\, and music theorist. He was born in 1017 or 1018\, and is believed to have died in 1078\, although it has also been maintained that he remained alive until 1096. He served as a high ranking courtier and advisor to several Byzantine emperors and w as instrumental in the re-positioning of power of those emperors.\n\n1018 – 1078\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Avicenna\, Murasak i Shikibu\, William the Conqueror\, Omar Khayyám\, and Ibn al-Haytham.\n\ nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Psellos SUMMARY:Michael Psellos · 1018–1078 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-isaac-the-syrian-q462966 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:06400101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:07010101 DESCRIPTION:Isḥaq of Nineveh\, also remembered as Saint Isaac the Syrian\ , Isaac of Nineveh\, Abba Isaac\, Isaac Syrus and Isaac of Qatar\, was a 7 th-century Syriac Christian bishop of the Church of the East\, and theolog ian best remembered for his written works on Christian asceticism. He is r egarded as a saint in the Church of the East\, Roman Catholic\, Eastern Or thodox and Syriac Orthodox churches. His feast day falls\, together with 4 th-century theologian and hymnographer St. Ephrem the Syrian\, on January 28. In the Syriac Orthodox Church\, his feast day falls on May 14.\n\n640 – 700\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Alī ibn Abī Ṭā lib\, Brahmagupta\, Uthman ibn Affan\, Bede\, and Charles Martel.\n\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_the_Syrian SUMMARY:Isaac the Syrian · 640–700 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-brendan-the-navigator-q208961 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04860101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05780101 DESCRIPTION:Brendan of Clonfert is one of the early Irish monastic saints a nd one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland. He is also referred to as Brenda n the Navigator\, Brendan the Voyager\, Brendan the Anchorite\, and Brenda n the Bold. The Irish form of his name is Naomh Bréanainn or Naomh Breand án. He is mainly known for his legendary voyage to find the "Isle of the Blessed" which is sometimes referred to as "Saint Brendan’s Island". The written narrative of his journey comes from the immram Navigatio Sancti B rendani Abbatis.\n\n486 – 577\; died at about 91.\nAlive at the same tim e as Justinian I\, Aryabhata\, Boethius\, Gregory I\, and Benedict of Nurs ia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_the_Navigator SUMMARY:Brendan the Navigator · 486–577 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-gregory-the-illuminator-q309953 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02390101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03300101 DESCRIPTION:Gregory the Illuminator was the founder and first official head of the Armenian Apostolic Church. He converted Armenia from Zoroastrianis m to Christianity in the early fourth century\, making Armenia the first s tate to adopt Christianity as its official religion. He is venerated as a saint in the Armenian Apostolic Church and in some other churches.\n\n239 – 329\; died at about 90.\nAlive at the same time as Constantine the Gre at\, Nagarjuna\, Diophantus of Alexandria\, Cyprian\, and Plotinus.\n\nhtt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator SUMMARY:Gregory the Illuminator · 239–329 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-micah-q2804969 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-07390101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-06680101 DESCRIPTION:According to the Hebrew Bible\, Micah was a prophet of Yahweh a nd is traditionally regarded as the author of the Book of Micah. He is con sidered one of the Twelve Minor Prophets of the Hebrew Bible and is depict ed as a contemporary of the prophets Isaiah\, Amos and Hosea. Micah is des cribed as having been from Moresheth-Gath\, in southwest Judah and prophes ying during the reigns of kings Jotham\, Ahaz\, and Hezekiah of the southe rn Kingdom of Judah in the 8th century BC.\n\n740 BC – 670 BC\; died at about 69.\nAlive at the same time as Hesiod\, Ashurbanipal\, Archilochus o f Paros\, Sennacherib\, and Hezekiah.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mic ah_(prophet) SUMMARY:Micah · 740–670 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-dionysius-exiguus-q274091 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04750101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05510101 DESCRIPTION:Dionysius Exiguus was a 6th-century Eastern Roman monk born in Scythia Minor and active in Rome. He was a member of a community of Scythi an monks concentrated in Tomis\, the major city of Scythia Minor. Dionysiu s is best known as the inventor of Anno Domini (AD) dating\, which is used to number the years of both the Gregorian calendar and the (Christianised ) Julian calendar. Almost all churches adopted his computus for the dates of Easter.\n\n475 – 550\; died at about 75.\nAlive at the same time as J ustinian I\, Aryabhata\, Boethius\, Gregory I\, and Benedict of Nursia.\n\ nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus SUMMARY:Dionysius Exiguus · 475–550 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-peter-lombard-q315347 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11041231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11610101 DESCRIPTION:Peter Lombard was an Italian scholastic theologian\, Bishop of Paris\, and author of the Sentences\, which became the standard medieval t extbook of theology.\n\nc. 1100 – 1160\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Omar Khayyám\, Saladin\, Averroes\, Zhu Xi\, and Moshe ben Maimon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Lombard SUMMARY:Peter Lombard · c. 1100–1160 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-pseudo-dionysius-the-areopagite-q312816 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05491231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06500101 DESCRIPTION:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite\, Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagi te or Pseudo-Denys is the pseudonymous name used by a Syrian or Greek monk \, Christian theologian and Neoplatonic philosopher of the late 5th to ear ly 6th century\, who wrote a set of works known as the Corpus Areopagiticu m or Corpus Dionysiacum. Through his writing in Mystical Theology\, he has been identified as the "progenitor of apophatic or negative theology."\n\ nc. 500 – c. 600\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Muhamma d\, Umar ibn Al-Khattāb\, Brahmagupta\, Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib\, and Abu Bakr.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite SUMMARY:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite · c. 500–c. 600 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-hanno-the-navigator-q296478 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04500101 DESCRIPTION:Hanno the Navigator was a Carthaginian explorer who lived durin g the fifth century BC\, known for his naval expedition along the coast of West Africa.\n\nc. 500 BC – c. 500 BC\; died at about 0.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator SUMMARY:Hanno the Navigator · c. 500–c. 500 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-nahum-q1981722 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-06511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-06500101 DESCRIPTION:Nahum was a minor prophet whose prophecy is recorded in the Tan akh\, also called the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament. His book comes i n chronological order between Micah and Habakkuk in the Bible. He wrote ab out the end of the Assyrian Empire\, and its capital city\, Nineveh\, in a vivid poetic style.\n\nc. 700 BC – c. 700 BC\; died at about 0.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahum SUMMARY:Nahum · c. 700–c. 700 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-varahamihira-q858348 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05491231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05500101 DESCRIPTION:Varāhamihira\, also called Varāha or Mihira\, was an ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived in Ujjain (ancient Avanti re gion in present-day Madhya Pradesh\, India. He is considered one of the fo remost scholars of classical Indian astronomy. He mastered the three divis ions of Jyotiṣa: mathematical astronomy\, natural sciences\, and horosco py. His masterwork\, the Pañcasiddhāntikā\, is the primary surviving hi storical record of ancient Indian astronomical systems. His mathematical c ontributions include methods for computing sine tables and early trigonome tric techniques and works on combinators.\n\nc. 500 – c. 500\; died at a bout 0.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Var%C4%81hamihira SUMMARY:Varāhamihira · c. 500–c. 500 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-anthemius-of-tralles-q298226 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04740101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05350101 DESCRIPTION:Anthemius of Tralles was a Byzantine Greek from Tralles who wor ked as a geometer and architect in Constantinople\, the capital of the Byz antine Empire. With Isidore of Miletus\, he designed the Hagia Sophia for Justinian I.\n\n\n474 – 534\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Justinian I\, Boethius\, Brendan the Navigator\, Aryabhata\, and Bened ict of Nursia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthemius_of_Tralles SUMMARY:Anthemius of Tralles · 474–534 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-jeremiah-horrocks-q354631 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16170101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16410104 DESCRIPTION:Jeremiah Horrocks\, sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox\, was an English astronomer. He was the first person to demonstrate that the Moon moved around the Earth in an elliptical orbit\; and he was the only person to predict the transit of Venus of 1639\, an event which he and his frien d William Crabtree were the only two people to observe and record. Most re markably\, Horrocks correctly asserted that Jupiter was accelerating in it s orbit while Saturn was slowing and interpreted this as due to mutual gra vitational interaction\, thereby demonstrating that gravity's actions were not limited to the Earth\, Sun\, and Moon.\n\n1617 – January 3\, 1641\; died at about 24.\nAlive at the same time as René Descartes\, Molière\, Rembrandt\, Murad IV\, and Blaise Pascal.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Jeremiah_Horrocks SUMMARY:Jeremiah Horrocks · 1617–1641 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-hermann-of-reichenau-q68490 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10130724 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10541001 DESCRIPTION:Blessed Hermann of Reichenau or Herman the Cripple\, also known by other names\, was a German Benedictine monk and scholar. He composed w orks on history\, music theory\, mathematics\, and astronomy\, as well as many hymns. He has traditionally been credited with the composition of "Sa lve Regina"\, "Veni Sancte Spiritus"\, and "Alma Redemptoris Mater"\, alth ough these attributions are sometimes questioned. His cultus and beatifica tion were confirmed by the Roman Catholic Church in 1863. His feast day is September 25.\n\nJuly 24\, 1013 – September 30\, 1054\; died at 41.\nAl ive at the same time as Avicenna\, Murasaki Shikibu\, William the Conquero r\, Ibn al-Haytham\, and Anselm of Canterbury.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hermann_of_Reichenau SUMMARY:Hermann of Reichenau · 1013–1054 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-sosigenes-of-alexandria-q316867 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00500101 DESCRIPTION:Sosigenes was an Ancient Greek astronomer. According to Pliny t he Elder's Natural History 18.210–212\, Julius Caesar consulted him whil e he was designing the Julian calendar.\n\nc. 100 BC – c. 100 BC\; died at about 0.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosigenes_(astronomer) SUMMARY:Sosigenes of Alexandria · c. 100–c. 100 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-liu-hui-q316304 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02250101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02960101 DESCRIPTION:Liu Hui was a Chinese mathematician who published a commentary in 263 CE on Jiu Zhang Suan Shu. He was a descendant of the Marquis of Zix iang of the Eastern Han dynasty and lived in the state of Cao Wei during t he Three Kingdoms period of China.\n\n225 – 295\; died at about 69.\nAli ve at the same time as Constantine the Great\, Nagarjuna\, Origen\, Cypria n\, and Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Hui SUMMARY:Liu Hui · 225–295 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-hrotsvitha-q170248 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09350101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09690101 DESCRIPTION:Hrotsvitha was a secular canoness who wrote drama and Christian poetry under the Ottonian dynasty. She was born in Bad Gandersheim to Sax on nobles and entered Gandersheim Abbey as a canoness. She is considered t he first female writer from the Germanosphere\, the first person since the Fall of the Roman Empire to write dramas in the Latin West\, and the firs t German female poet.\n\n935 – 968\; died at about 32.\nAlive at the sam e time as Farabi\, Sylvester II\, Vladimir the Great\, Erik the Red\, and Ferdowsi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrotsvitha SUMMARY:Hrotsvitha · 935–968 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-zu-chongzhi-q227444 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04290101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05010101 DESCRIPTION:Zu Chongzhi\, courtesy name Wenyuan\, was a Chinese astronomer\ , inventor\, mathematician\, politician\, and writer during the Liu Song a nd Southern Qi dynasties. He was most notable for calculating pi as betwee n 3.1415926 and 3.1415927\, a record in precision which would not be surpa ssed for nearly 900 years.\n\n429 – 500\; died at about 70.\nAlive at th e same time as Justinian I\, Boethius\, Brendan the Navigator\, Aryabhata\ , and Benedict of Nursia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zu_Chongzhi SUMMARY:Zu Chongzhi · 429–500 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-aglaonike-q237867 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00500101 DESCRIPTION:Aglaonice was an ancient Thessalian witch\, known from a scholi on on the Argonautica and two references in Plutarch's Moralia. She was th e daughter of Hegetor or Hegemon. Her date is uncertain\, but she may have been active some time between the mid-third century BC and the late-first century AD. However\, Richard Stothers suggests that Aglaonice might have been mythical\, or a pre-fifth century figure about whom legends had deve loped by the time of Plutarch.\n\nc. 200 BC – c. 100 BC\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Julius Caesar\, Virgil\, Strabo\, Augustus \, and Cicero.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglaonice SUMMARY:Aglaonike · c. 200–c. 100 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-thecla-q51885 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:01491231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01500101 DESCRIPTION:Thecla was a saint of the early Christian Church\, and a report ed follower of Paul the Apostle. The earliest record of her life comes fro m the ancient apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla.\n\nc. 100 – c. 100\; d ied at about 0.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thecla SUMMARY:Thecla · c. 100–c. 100 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-lucius-accius-q311287 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01690101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00830101 DESCRIPTION:Lucius Accius\, or Lucius Attius\, was a Roman tragic poet and literary scholar. Accius was born in 170 BC at Pisaurum\, a town founded i n the Ager Gallicus in 184 BC. He was the son of a freedman and a freedwom an\, probably from Rome.\n\n170 BC – 85 BC\; died at about 84.\nAlive at the same time as Julius Caesar\, Hipparchus\, Posidonius\, Cicero\, and C ato the Elder.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Accius SUMMARY:Lucius Accius · 170–85 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-john-philoponus-q317632 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04900101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05710101 DESCRIPTION:John Philoponus\, also known as John the Grammarian or John of Alexandria\, was a Greek-speaking philologist\, Aristotelian commentator a nd Christian theologian from Alexandria\, Byzantine Egypt\, who authored a number of philosophical treatises and theological works. John Philoponus broke from the Aristotelian–Neoplatonic tradition\, questioning methodol ogy and eventually leading to empiricism in the natural sciences. He was o ne of the first to propose a "theory of impetus" similar to the modern con cept of inertia over Aristotelian dynamics. He is also the historical foun der of what is now called the Kalam cosmological argument.\n\n490 – 570\ ; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same time as Justinian I\, Gregory I\, A ryabhata\, Boethius\, and Benedict of Nursia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/John_Philoponus SUMMARY:John Philoponus · 490–570 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003153Z UID:famous-lives-ibn-yunus-q459921 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09590101 DESCRIPTION:Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Abi al-Said 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus ibn Abd al-'Ala al-Sadafi al-Misri was an Arab and Egyptian astronom er and mathematician\,. The Fatimids gave him gifts and established an obs ervatory for him on Mount Mokattam near Fustat. Al-Aziz Billah ordered him to make astronomical tables\, which he completed during the reign of Al-H akim bi-Amr Allah\, son of Al-Aziz\, and called it al-Zij al-Kabir al-Haki mi.\nThe crater Ibn Yunus on the Moon is named after him.\n\n950 – 958\; died at about 8.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Yunus SUMMARY:Ibn Yunus · 950–958 END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR