BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:icalendar-ruby
CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
METHOD:PUBLISH
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:paul-doumer
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19310613
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19320508
DESCRIPTION:Joseph Athanase Doumer\, commonly known as Paul Doumer\, was a 
 French politician who served as the President of France from June 1931 unt
 il his assassination in May 1932. He is described as "the Father of French
  Indochina"\, and was seen as one of the most active and effective governo
 rs general of Indochina.\n\nBorn: March 22\, 1857\nDied: May 7\, 1932\nIn 
 office: June 13\, 1931 – May 7\, 1932\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pau
 l_Doumer
SUMMARY:Paul Doumer
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:alain-poher
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19690428
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19690621
DESCRIPTION:Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher was a French politician who serv
 ed as president of the Senate from 1968 to 1992 and as acting president of
  France in 1969 and 1974. Poher was affiliated with the Popular Republican
  Movement (MRP) until 1966 and later with the Democratic Centre (CD) and C
 entre of Social Democrats (CSD)\, which he joined in 1976.\n\nBorn: April 
 17\, 1909\nDied: December 9\, 1996\nIn office: April 28\, 1969 – June 20
 \, 1969\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Poher
SUMMARY:Alain Poher
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:alain-poher-c3f258
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19740403
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19740528
DESCRIPTION:Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher was a French politician who serv
 ed as president of the Senate from 1968 to 1992 and as acting president of
  France in 1969 and 1974. Poher was affiliated with the Popular Republican
  Movement (MRP) until 1966 and later with the Democratic Centre (CD) and C
 entre of Social Democrats (CSD)\, which he joined in 1976.\n\nBorn: April 
 17\, 1909\nDied: December 9\, 1996\nIn office: April 3\, 1974 – May 27\,
  1974\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Poher
SUMMARY:Alain Poher
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:francois-hollande
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20120515
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20170515
DESCRIPTION:François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande is a French politici
 an who served as President of France from 2012 to 2017. Before his preside
 ncy\, he was First Secretary of the Socialist Party (PS) from 1997 to 2008
 \, Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008\, as well as President of the General 
 Council of Corrèze from 2008 to 2012. He has also held the 1st constituen
 cy of Corrèze seat in the National Assembly three times\, first from 1988
  to 1993\, then from 1997 to 2012\, and from 2024 onwards.\n\nBorn: August
  12\, 1954\nIn office: May 15\, 2012 – May 14\, 2017\nhttps://en.wikiped
 ia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande
SUMMARY:François Hollande
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:albert-lebrun
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19320510
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19400712
DESCRIPTION:Albert François Lebrun was a French politician who served as P
 resident of France from 1932 to 1940. He was the last president of the Thi
 rd Republic before its dissolution into the rump state of Vichy France in 
 the early days of the Second World War. He was a member of the centre-righ
 t Democratic Republican Alliance (ARD).\n\nBorn: 1871\nDied: March 6\, 195
 0\nIn office: May 10\, 1932 – July 11\, 1940\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w
 iki/Albert_Lebrun
SUMMARY:Albert Lebrun
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:rene-coty
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19540116
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19590109
DESCRIPTION:Gustave Jules René Coty was President of France from 1954 to 1
 959. He was the second and last president of the Fourth French Republic.\n
 \nBorn: March 20\, 1882\nDied: November 22\, 1962\nIn office: January 16\,
  1954 – January 8\, 1959\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty
SUMMARY:René Coty
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:vincent-auriol
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19470116
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19540117
DESCRIPTION:Vincent Jules Auriol was President of France from 1947 to 1954.
  A member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO)\, he 
 was the first president elected under the Fourth Republic. His presidentia
 l term was marked by the Indochina War\, the implementation of the Monnet 
 Plan for modernisation\, as well as France joining the Council of Europe a
 nd NATO as a founding member.\n\nBorn: August 27\, 1884\nDied: January 1\,
  1966\nIn office: January 16\, 1947 – January 16\, 1954\nhttps://en.wiki
 pedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Auriol
SUMMARY:Vincent Auriol
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:patrice-de-macmahon
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18730524
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18790131
DESCRIPTION:Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de MacMahon\, marquis de MacMahon\, 
 duc de Magenta\, was a French general and politician who served as Preside
 nt of France from 1873 to 1879. He was elevated to the dignity of Marshal 
 of France by Napoleon III.\n\nBorn: June 13\, 1808\nDied: October 16\, 189
 3\nIn office: May 24\, 1873 – January 30\, 1879\nhttps://en.wikipedia.or
 g/wiki/Patrice_de_MacMahon
SUMMARY:Patrice de MacMahon
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:emile-loubet
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18990218
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19060219
DESCRIPTION:Émile François Loubet was the 45th Prime Minister of France f
 rom February to December 1892 and later President of France from 1899 to 1
 906.\n\nBorn: December 31\, 1838\nDied: December 20\, 1929\nIn office: Feb
 ruary 18\, 1899 – February 18\, 1906\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%
 89mile_Loubet
SUMMARY:Émile Loubet
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:raymond-poincare
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19130218
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19200219
DESCRIPTION:Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré was a French statesman who ser
 ved as President of France from 1913 to 1920\, and three times as Prime Mi
 nister of France. He was a conservative leader\, primarily committed to po
 litical and social stability.\n\nBorn: August 20\, 1860\nDied: October 15\
 , 1934\nIn office: February 18\, 1913 – February 18\, 1920\nhttps://en.w
 ikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9
SUMMARY:Raymond Poincaré
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:francois-mitterrand
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19810521
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19950518
DESCRIPTION:François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was President of Fran
 ce from 1981 to 1995. He was the first left-wing politician to assume the 
 presidency under the Fifth Republic\, successfully remaining in office lon
 ger than any other republican head of state in French history.\n\nBorn: Oc
 tober 26\, 1916\nDied: January 8\, 1996\nIn office: May 21\, 1981 – May 
 17\, 1995\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand
SUMMARY:François Mitterrand
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:charles-de-gaulle
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19590108
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19690429
DESCRIPTION:Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and 
 statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany and its pupp
 et state of Vichy France in World War II and chaired the Provisional Gover
 nment of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in Fra
 nce. Following the 1958 Algiers putsch\, he came out of retirement at the 
 request of President René Coty\, who appointed him Prime Minister. He com
 missioned a new 1958 French constitution which was approved by voters in a
  swift majority\, during a referendum\, establishing the French Fifth Repu
 blic. He was subsequently elected the President of France later that year\
 , a position he held until his resignation in 1969.\n\nBorn: November 22\,
  1890\nDied: November 9\, 1970\nIn office: January 8\, 1959 – April 28\,
  1969\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle
SUMMARY:Charles de Gaulle
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:jacques-chirac
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19950517
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20070517
DESCRIPTION:Jacques René Chirac was President of France from 1995 to 2007.
  He was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and 1986 to 
 1988\, as well as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.\n\nBorn: November 29\,
  1932\nDied: September 26\, 2019\nIn office: May 17\, 1995 – May 16\, 20
 07\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Chirac
SUMMARY:Jacques Chirac
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:valery-giscard-d-estaing
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19740527
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19810522
DESCRIPTION:Valéry René Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing\, also known as s
 imply Giscard or VGE\, was President of France from 1974 to 1981.\n\nBorn:
  February 2\, 1926\nDied: December 2\, 2020\nIn office: May 27\, 1974 – 
 May 21\, 1981\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estai
 ng
SUMMARY:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:sadi-carnot
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18871203
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18940626
DESCRIPTION:Marie François Sadi Carnot\, known as Sadi Carnot\, was a Fren
 ch statesman who served as President of France from 1887 until his assassi
 nation in 1894.\n\nBorn: August 11\, 1837\nDied: June 25\, 1894\nIn office
 : December 3\, 1887 – June 25\, 1894\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi
 _Carnot_(statesman)
SUMMARY:Sadi Carnot
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:georges-pompidou
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19690620
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19740403
DESCRIPTION:Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou was President of France from 1969
  until his death in 1974. He had previously served from 1962 to 1968 as Pr
 ime Minister of France under President Charles de Gaulle\, with whom he wa
 s closely associated throughout his career.\n\nBorn: July 5\, 1911\nDied: 
 April 2\, 1974\nIn office: June 20\, 1969 – April 2\, 1974\nhttps://en.w
 ikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Pompidou
SUMMARY:Georges Pompidou
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:jacques-charles-dupont-de-l-eure
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18480224
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18480510
DESCRIPTION:Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure was a French lawyer and states
 man.\n\nBorn: February 27\, 1767\nDied: March 3\, 1855\nIn office: Februar
 y 24\, 1848 – May 9\, 1848\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Charle
 s_Dupont_de_l%27Eure
SUMMARY:Jacques Charles Dupont de l'Eure
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:alexandre-millerand
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19200923
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19240612
DESCRIPTION:Alexandre Millerand was a French politician who served as Presi
 dent of France from 1920 to 1924\, having previously served as Prime Minis
 ter of France earlier in 1920. His participation in Waldeck-Rousseau's cab
 inet at the start of the 20th century\, alongside the Marquis de Galliffet
 \, who had directed the repression of the 1871 Paris Commune\, sparked a d
 ebate in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and in th
 e Second International about the participation of socialists in bourgeois 
 governments.\n\nBorn: February 10\, 1859\nDied: April 6\, 1943\nIn office:
  September 23\, 1920 – June 11\, 1924\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ale
 xandre_Millerand
SUMMARY:Alexandre Millerand
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:gaston-doumergue
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19240613
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19310614
DESCRIPTION:Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue was a French politician who 
 served as President of France from 1924 to 1931.\n\nBorn: August 1\, 1863\
 nDied: June 18\, 1937\nIn office: June 13\, 1924 – June 13\, 1931\nhttps
 ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue
SUMMARY:Gaston Doumergue
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:felix-faure
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18950117
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18990217
DESCRIPTION:Félix François Faure was President of France from 1895 until 
 his death in 1899. A native of Paris\, he worked as a tanner in his younge
 r years. Faure became a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Seine-Infér
 ieure in 1881. He rose to prominence in national politics up until unexpec
 tedly assuming the presidency\, during which time France's relations with 
 Russia improved.\n\nBorn: January 30\, 1841\nDied: February 16\, 1899\nIn 
 office: January 17\, 1895 – February 16\, 1899\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org
 /wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure
SUMMARY:Félix Faure
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:jules-grevy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18790130
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18871203
DESCRIPTION:François Judith Paul Grévy\, known as Jules Grévy\, was a Fr
 ench lawyer and politician who served as President of France from 1879 to 
 1887. He was a leader of the Moderate Republicans\, and given that his pre
 decessors were monarchists who tried without success to restore the French
  monarchy\, Grévy is considered the first real republican president of Fr
 ance. During Grévy's presidency from 1879 to 1887\, according to David Be
 ll\, there was a disunity among his cabinets. Only one survived more than 
 a year. Grévy paid attention chiefly to defense\, internal order\, and fo
 reign relations. Critics argue that Grévy's confusing approach to appoint
 ments set a bad precedent for handling crises.\n\nBorn: August 15\, 1807\n
 Died: September 9\, 1891\nIn office: January 30\, 1879 – December 2\, 18
 87\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy
SUMMARY:Jules Grévy
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:armand-fallieres
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19060218
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19130219
DESCRIPTION:Clément Armand Fallières was a French statesman who was Presi
 dent of France from 1906 to 1913.\n\nBorn: November 6\, 1841\nDied: June 2
 2\, 1931\nIn office: February 18\, 1906 – February 18\, 1913\nhttps://en
 .wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res
SUMMARY:Armand Fallières
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:emmanuel-macron-1cc01b
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20170514
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018
DESCRIPTION:Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron is a French politician w
 ho has served as President of France since 2017. He has been a member of R
 enaissance since founding the party in 2016. Macron previously served as D
 eputy Secretary-General to the President from 2012 to 2014 and Minister of
  Economics and Finance from 2014 to 2016 under President François Holland
 e.\n\nBorn: December 21\, 1977\nIn office: May 14\, 2017 – present\nhttp
 s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron
SUMMARY:Emmanuel Macron
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:paul-deschanel
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19200218
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19200922
DESCRIPTION:Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel was a French politician who served
  as President of France from 18 February to 21 September 1920. Seven month
 s into his presidency\, he was ousted due to mental illness and was succee
 ded by his prime minister\, Alexandre Millerand.\n\nBorn: February 13\, 18
 55\nDied: April 28\, 1922\nIn office: February 18\, 1920 – September 21\
 , 1920\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Deschanel
SUMMARY:Paul Deschanel
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:georges-bidault
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19460624
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19461015
DESCRIPTION:Georges-Augustin Bidault was a French politician. During World 
 War II\, he was active in the French Resistance. After the war\, he served
  as foreign minister and premier on several occasions. He apparently joine
 d the Organisation armée secrète\; however he always denied his involvem
 ent.\n\nBorn: October 5\, 1899\nDied: January 27\, 1983\nIn office: June 2
 4\, 1946 – October 14\, 1946\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bida
 ult
SUMMARY:Georges Bidault
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:jean-casimir-perier
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18940627
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18950117
DESCRIPTION:Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier was a French politician who ser
 ved as President of France from June 1894 to January 1895.\n\nBorn: Novemb
 er 8\, 1847\nDied: March 11\, 1907\nIn office: June 27\, 1894 – January 
 16\, 1895\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier
SUMMARY:Jean Casimir-Perier
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:nicolas-sarkozy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20070516
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20120516
DESCRIPTION:Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa is a French forme
 r politician who served as the president of the French Republic from 2007 
 to 2012.\n\nBorn: January 28\, 1955\nIn office: May 16\, 2007 – May 15\,
  2012\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy
SUMMARY:Nicolas Sarkozy
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:charles-dupuy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18940625
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18940628
DESCRIPTION:Charles Alexandre Dupuy was a French statesman\, three times pr
 ime minister.\n\nBorn: November 5\, 1851\nDied: July 23\, 1923\nIn office:
  June 25\, 1894 – June 27\, 1894\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_
 Dupuy
SUMMARY:Charles Dupuy
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:louis-eugene-cavaignac
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18480628
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18481221
DESCRIPTION:Louis-Eugène Cavaignac was a French general and politician who
  served as head of the executive power of France from June to December 184
 8\, during the French Second Republic.\n\nBorn: October 15\, 1802\nDied: O
 ctober 28\, 1857\nIn office: June 28\, 1848 – December 20\, 1848\nhttps:
 //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac
SUMMARY:Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:louis-jules-trochu
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18700904
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18710123
DESCRIPTION:Louis-Jules Trochu was a French military leader and politician.
  He served as President of the Government of National Defense—France's d
 e facto head of state—from 4 September 1870 until his resignation on 22 
 January 1871.\n\nBorn: March 12\, 1815\nDied: October 7\, 1896\nIn office:
  September 4\, 1870 – January 22\, 1871\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L
 ouis-Jules_Trochu
SUMMARY:Louis Jules Trochu
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:frederic-francois-marsal
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19240611
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19240614
DESCRIPTION:Frédéric François-Marsal was a French politician of the Thir
 d Republic\, who served briefly as Prime Minister in 1924. Due to his prem
 iership he also served for two days as the Acting President of the French 
 Republic between the resignation of Alexandre Millerand and the election o
 f Gaston Doumergue.\n\nBorn: March 15\, 1874\nDied: May 20\, 1958\nIn offi
 ce: June 11\, 1924 – June 13\, 1924\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3
 %A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal
SUMMARY:Frédéric François-Marsal
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:adolphe-thiers
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18710831
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18730525
DESCRIPTION:Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers was a French statesman and hi
 storian who served as President of France from 1871 to 1873. He was the se
 cond elected president and the first of the Third French Republic.\n\nBorn
 : April 15\, 1797\nDied: September 3\, 1877\nIn office: August 31\, 1871 
 – May 24\, 1873\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers
SUMMARY:Adolphe Thiers
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20261017T003521Z
UID:napoleon-iii
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18481220
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18521203
DESCRIPTION:Napoleon III was the first President of France from 1848 to 185
 2 and then Emperor of the French from 1852 until his deposition in 1870. H
 e was the first elected president\, second emperor\, and the last monarch 
 of France. He established the Second French Empire in 1852\, which began a
  period of rapid industrialization and expansion of infrastructure in Fran
 ce and saw the rise of French influence in geopolitics after several decad
 es of instability. As head of state of France for 22 years\, he was the lo
 ngest-reigning French head of state since the end of the Ancien régime.\n
 \nBorn: April 20\, 1808\nDied: January 9\, 1873\nIn office: December 20\, 
 1848 – December 2\, 1852\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_III
SUMMARY:Napoleon III
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR