BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:icalendar-ruby CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:gustav-stresemann DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19230813 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19231124 DESCRIPTION:Gustav Ernst Stresemann was a German statesman during the Weima r Republic who served as chancellor of Germany from August to November 192 3 and as foreign minister from 1923 to 1929. His most notable achievement was the reconciliation between Germany and France\, for which he and Frenc h Prime Minister Aristide Briand received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926. D uring a period of political instability and fragile\, short-lived governme nts\, Stresemann was seen at his death as "the person who maintained the p recarious balance of the political system."\n\nBorn: May 10\, 1878\nDied: October 3\, 1929\nIn office: August 13\, 1923 – November 23\, 1923\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann SUMMARY:Gustav Stresemann END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:franz-von-papen DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19320601 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19321118 DESCRIPTION:Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen\, Erbsälzer zu We rl und Neuwerk was a German politician\, diplomat\, army officer\, and Pru ssian nobleman. A national conservative and committed monarchist\, he serv ed as Chancellor of Germany in 1932\, and then as Vice-Chancellor under Ad olf Hitler from 1933 to 1934. He is largely remembered for his role in bri nging Hitler to power.\n\nBorn: October 29\, 1879\nDied: May 2\, 1969\nIn office: June 1\, 1932 – November 17\, 1932\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Franz_von_Papen SUMMARY:Franz von Papen END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:georg-von-hertling DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19171101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19181001 DESCRIPTION:Georg Friedrich Karl Freiherr von Hertling\, from 1914 Count vo n Hertling\, was a German politician of the Catholic Centre Party. He was foreign minister and minister president of Bavaria\, then imperial chancel lor of the German Reich and minister president of Prussia from 1 November 1917 to 30 September 1918. He was the first party politician to hold the t wo offices\; all of his predecessors were career civil servants or militar y men.\n\nBorn: August 31\, 1843\nDied: January 4\, 1919\nIn office: Novem ber 1\, 1917 – September 30\, 1918\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_ von_Hertling SUMMARY:Georg von Hertling END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:konrad-adenauer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19490915 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19631016 DESCRIPTION:Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer was a German statesman and polit ician who served as the first chancellor of West Germany from 1949 to 1963 . From 1946 to 1966\, he was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU)\, a newly founded Christian democratic party\, which became th e dominant force in the country under his leadership. Adenauer is consider ed one of the founding fathers of the European Union.\n\nBorn: January 5\, 1876\nDied: April 19\, 1967\nIn office: September 15\, 1949 – October 1 5\, 1963\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer SUMMARY:Konrad Adenauer END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:ludwig-erhard DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19631016 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19661202 DESCRIPTION:Ludwig Wilhelm Erhard was a German politician and economist who served as the second chancellor of West Germany from 1963 until 1966. Aff iliated with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU)\, he is known for leadin g the West German postwar economic reforms and economic recovery in his ro le as Minister of Economic Affairs under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer from 1 949 to 1963. During that period\, he promoted the concept of the social ma rket economy\, on which Germany's economic policy in the 21st century cont inues to be based.\n\nBorn: February 4\, 1897\nDied: May 5\, 1977\nIn offi ce: October 16\, 1963 – December 1\, 1966\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Ludwig_Erhard SUMMARY:Ludwig Erhard END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:kurt-georg-kiesinger DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19661201 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19691022 DESCRIPTION:Kurt Georg Kiesinger was a German politician and lawyer who ser ved as the chancellor of West Germany from 1 December 1966 to 21 October 1 969. Before he became chancellor\, he served as Minister-President of Bade n-Württemberg from 1958 to 1966 and as President of the Bundesrat from 19 62 to 1963. He was chairman of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1 967 to 1971.\n\nBorn: April 6\, 1904\nDied: March 9\, 1988\nIn office: Dec ember 1\, 1966 – October 21\, 1969\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_G eorg_Kiesinger SUMMARY:Kurt Georg Kiesinger END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:willy-brandt DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19691022 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19740508 DESCRIPTION:Willy Brandt was a German politician and statesman who was lead er of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and c oncurrently served as the chancellor of West Germany from 1969 to 1974. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971 for his efforts to strengthen c ooperation in Western Europe through the EEC and to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the countries of Eastern Europe. He was the firs t Social Democratic chancellor since 1930.\n\nBorn: December 18\, 1913\nDi ed: October 8\, 1992\nIn office: October 22\, 1969 – May 7\, 1974\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt SUMMARY:Willy Brandt END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:helmut-schmidt DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19740516 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19821002 DESCRIPTION:Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt was a German politician and me mber of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)\, who served as the c hancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982. He was the longest lived chan cellor in German history and had the longest post-chancellorship\, at over 33 years.\n\nBorn: December 23\, 1918\nDied: November 10\, 2015\nIn offic e: May 16\, 1974 – October 1\, 1982\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmu t_Schmidt SUMMARY:Helmut Schmidt END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:helmut-kohl DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19821001 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19981027 DESCRIPTION:Helmut Josef Michael Kohl was a German politician who served as chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998. He was leader of the Christian D emocratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998 and oversaw the end of the Cold Wa r\, German reunification\, and the creation of the European Union (EU). Ko hl's 16-year tenure is the longest in German post-war history and is the l ongest for any elected chancellor of Germany.\n\nBorn: April 3\, 1930\nDie d: June 16\, 2017\nIn office: October 1\, 1982 – October 26\, 1998\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl SUMMARY:Helmut Kohl END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:gerhard-schroder DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19981027 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20051123 DESCRIPTION:Gerhard "Gerd" Fritz Kurt Schröder is a German former politici an and lobbyist who served as Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. Fro m 1999 to 2004\, he was also the Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). As chancellor\, he led a coalition government of the SPD an d Alliance 90/The Greens. Since leaving public office\, Schröder has work ed for Russian state-owned energy companies\, including Nord Stream AG\, R osneft\, and Gazprom.\n\nBorn: April 7\, 1944\nIn office: October 27\, 199 8 – November 22\, 2005\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6 der SUMMARY:Gerhard Schröder END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:walter-scheel DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19740507 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19740517 DESCRIPTION:Walter Scheel was a German statesman. A former member of the Na zi Party who joined the Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP) in 1946\, h e first served in government as the Federal Minister of Economic Cooperati on and Development from 1961 to 1966 and later as President of Germany fro m 1974 to 1979. He led the FDP from 1968 to 1974.\n\nBorn: July 8\, 1919\n Died: August 24\, 2016\nIn office: May 7\, 1974 – May 16\, 1974\nhttps:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Scheel SUMMARY:Walter Scheel END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:friedrich-ebert DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19181109 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19190214 DESCRIPTION:Friedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democrati c Party (SPD) who served as the first president of Germany from 1919 until his death in 1925.\n\nBorn: February 4\, 1871\nDied: February 28\, 1925\n In office: November 9\, 1918 – February 13\, 1919\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert SUMMARY:Friedrich Ebert END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:friedrich-merz DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250506 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Joachim-Friedrich Martin Josef Merz is a German politician\, wh o has served as Chancellor of Germany since 6 May 2025. He has also served as Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since January 2022\, le ading the CDU/CSU (Union) parliamentary group as Leader of the Opposition in the Bundestag from February 2022 to May 2025.\n\nBorn: November 11\, 19 55\nIn office: May 6\, 2025 – present\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri edrich_Merz SUMMARY:Friedrich Merz END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:angela-merkel DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20051122 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20211209 DESCRIPTION:Angela Dorothea Merkel is a German stateswoman and retired poli tician who served as Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021. She is the o nly woman to have held the office and the only former East German. She was Leader of the Opposition from 2002 to 2005 and Leader of the Christian De mocratic Union (CDU) from 2000 to 2018.\n\nBorn: 1954\nIn office: November 22\, 2005 – December 8\, 2021\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Mer kel SUMMARY:Angela Merkel END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:lutz-graf-schwerin-von-krosigk DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19450501 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19450524 DESCRIPTION:Johann Ludwig "Lutz" Graf Schwerin von Krosigk was a German sen ior government official who served as the minister of finance of Germany f rom 1932 to 1945 and de facto chancellor of Germany during May 1945.\n\nBo rn: August 22\, 1887\nDied: March 4\, 1977\nIn office: May 1\, 1945 – Ma y 23\, 1945\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk SUMMARY:Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:gustav-bauer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19190621 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19200327 DESCRIPTION:Gustav Adolf Bauer was a German Social Democratic Party leader and the chancellor of Germany from June 1919 to March 1920. Prior to that\ , he was minister of labour in the last cabinet of the German Empire and d uring most of the German Revolution that preceded the formal establishment of the Weimar Republic.\n\nBorn: January 6\, 1870\nDied: September 16\, 1 944\nIn office: June 21\, 1919 – March 26\, 1920\nhttps://en.wikipedia.o rg/wiki/Gustav_Bauer SUMMARY:Gustav Bauer END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:bernhard-von-bulow DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19001017 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19090715 DESCRIPTION:Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin\, Prince of Bülow was a German p olitician who served as the imperial chancellor of the German Empire and m inister-president of Prussia from 1900 to 1909. A fervent supporter of Wel tpolitik\, Bülow devoted his chancellorship to transforming Germany into a global power. Despite presiding over sustained economic growth and major scientific breakthroughs within his country\, his government's bellicose foreign policy did much to antagonize France\, Great Britain and Russia th ereby significantly contributing to the outbreak of World War I.\n\nBorn: May 3\, 1849\nDied: October 28\, 1929\nIn office: October 17\, 1900 – Ju ly 14\, 1909\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow SUMMARY:Bernhard von Bülow END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:joseph-wirth DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19210510 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19221115 DESCRIPTION:Karl Joseph Wirth was a German politician of the Catholic Centr e Party who was chancellor of Germany from May 1921 to November 1922\, dur ing the early years of the Weimar Republic. He was also minister of four g overnment departments between 1920 and 1931. Wirth was strongly influenced by Christian social teaching throughout his political career.\n\nBorn: Se ptember 6\, 1879\nDied: January 3\, 1956\nIn office: May 10\, 1921 – Nov ember 14\, 1922\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Wirth SUMMARY:Joseph Wirth END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:olaf-scholz DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20211208 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250507 DESCRIPTION:Olaf Scholz is a German politician who served as the chancellor of Germany from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Social Democratic Party (SP D)\, he previously served as Vice Chancellor in the fourth Merkel cabinet and as Federal Minister of Finance from 2018 to 2021. He was also First Ma yor of Hamburg from 2011 to 2018\, deputy leader of the SPD from 2009 to 2 019\, and Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs from 2007 to 2009. \n\nBorn: June 14\, 1958\nIn office: December 8\, 2021 – May 6\, 2025\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Scholz SUMMARY:Olaf Scholz END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:philipp-scheidemann DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19190213 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19190621 DESCRIPTION:Philipp Heinrich Scheidemann was a German politician of the Soc ial Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In the first quarter of the 20th ce ntury\, he played a leading role in both his party and in the young Weimar Republic. During the German Revolution of 1918–1919 that broke out afte r Germany's defeat in World War I\, Scheidemann proclaimed a German Republ ic from a balcony of the Reichstag building. In 1919\, he was elected Reic h Minister President by the National Assembly meeting in Weimar to write a constitution for the republic. He resigned the office the same year due t o a lack of unanimity in the cabinet on whether or not to accept the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.\n\nBorn: July 26\, 1865\nDied: November 29\, 1939\nIn office: February 13\, 1919 – June 20\, 1919\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Philipp_Scheidemann SUMMARY:Philipp Scheidemann END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:theobald-von-bethmann-hollweg DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19090714 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19170714 DESCRIPTION:Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann Hollweg was a Ge rman politician who was imperial chancellor of the German Empire from 1909 to 1917. He oversaw the German entry into World War I and played a key ro le during its first three years. He was replaced as chancellor in July 191 7 due in large part to opposition to his policies by leaders in the milita ry.\n\nBorn: November 29\, 1856\nDied: January 2\, 1921\nIn office: July 1 4\, 1909 – July 13\, 1917\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald_von_Be thmann_Hollweg SUMMARY:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:constantin-fehrenbach DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19200621 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19210511 DESCRIPTION:Constantin Fehrenbach\, sometimes erroneously Konstantin Fehren bach\,\, was a German politician who was one of the major leaders of the C atholic Centre Party. He served as president of the Reichstag in 1918 and then as president of the Weimar National Assembly from 1919 to 1920. In Ju ne 1920\, Fehrenbach became Chancellor of Germany. During his time in offi ce\, the central issue he had to face was German compliance with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. He resigned in May 1921 when his cabinet was unable to reach a consensus on war reparations payments to the Allies. Fe hrenbach remained in the Reichstag and headed the Centre Party's contingen t there from 1923 until his death in 1926.\n\nBorn: January 11\, 1852\nDie d: March 26\, 1926\nIn office: June 21\, 1920 – May 10\, 1921\nhttps://e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Fehrenbach SUMMARY:Constantin Fehrenbach END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:chlodwig-3rd-prince-of-hohenlohe-schillingsfurst DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18941029 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19001018 DESCRIPTION:Chlodwig Carl Viktor\, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst\, P rince of Ratibor and Corvey\, usually referred to as the Prince of Hohenlo he\, was a German statesman\, who served as the imperial chancellor of the German Empire and minister-president of Prussia from 1894 to 1900.\n\nBor n: March 31\, 1819\nDied: July 6\, 1901\nIn office: October 29\, 1894 – October 17\, 1900\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlodwig\,_Prince_of_Hohe nlohe-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst SUMMARY:Chlodwig\, 3rd Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:wilhelm-cuno DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19221122 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19230813 DESCRIPTION:Wilhelm Carl Josef Cuno was a German businessman and politician who was the chancellor of Germany from 1922 to 1923 for a total of 264 da ys. His tenure included the beginning of the occupation of the Ruhr by Fre nch and Belgian troops and the period in which inflation in Germany accele rated towards hyperinflation.\n\nBorn: July 2\, 1876\nDied: January 3\, 19 33\nIn office: November 22\, 1922 – August 12\, 1923\nhttps://en.wikiped ia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Cuno SUMMARY:Wilhelm Cuno END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T003502Z UID:wilhelm-marx DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19260517 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19280613 DESCRIPTION:Wilhelm Marx was a German judge\, lawyer\, and politician who t wice served as chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic\, from 192 3 to 1925 and again from 1926 to 1928. He also briefly held the position o f Minister-President of Prussia in 1925. A leading figure in the Centre Pa rty\, he served as its chairman from 1922 to 1928. With a total tenure of three years and 73 days\, he was the longest-serving chancellor of the Wei mar Republic.\n\nBorn: January 15\, 1863\nDied: August 5\, 1946\nIn office : May 17\, 1926 – June 12\, 1928\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_ Marx SUMMARY:Wilhelm Marx END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR