BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:icalendar-ruby CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:alexander-iii-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18810313 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18941102 DESCRIPTION:Alexander III was Emperor of Russia\, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894. He was highly reactionary in domestic affairs and reversed some of the liberal reforms o f his father\, Alexander II\, a policy of "counter-reforms".\n\nBorn: Marc h 10\, 1845\nDied: November 1\, 1894\nIn office: March 13\, 1881 – Novem ber 1\, 1894\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia SUMMARY:Alexander III of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:nicholas-i-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18251201 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18550303 DESCRIPTION:Nicholas I was Emperor of Russia\, King of Poland\, and Grand D uke of Finland from 1825 to 1855. He was the third son of Paul I and young er brother of his predecessor\, Alexander I. Nicholas's 29-year reign bega n with the failed Decembrist revolt. He is mainly remembered as a reaction ary whose controversial reign was marked by geographical expansion\, centr alisation of administrative policies\, and repression of dissent both in R ussia and among its neighbors. Nicholas had a happy marriage that produced a large family\, with all of their seven children surviving childhood.\n\ nBorn: July 6\, 1796\nDied: March 2\, 1855\nIn office: December 1\, 1825 – March 2\, 1855\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia SUMMARY:Nicholas I of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:elizabeth-i-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17411206 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17620106 DESCRIPTION:Elizabeth or Elizaveta Petrovna was Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death in 1762. She remains one of the most popular Russian mona rchs because of her decision not to execute a single person during her rei gn\, her numerous construction projects\, and her strong opposition to Pru ssian policies. She was the last person on the agnatic line of the Romanov s as her nephew ascended\, thus creating the house of Holstein-Gottorp-Rom anov.\n\nBorn: December 29\, 1709\nDied: January 5\, 1762\nIn office: Dece mber 6\, 1741 – January 5\, 1762\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabet h_of_Russia SUMMARY:Elizabeth I of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:ivan-vi-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17401028 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17411207 DESCRIPTION:Ivan VI Antonovich\, also known as Ioann Antonovich\, was Emper or of Russia from October 1740 until he was overthrown by his cousin Eliza beth Petrovna in December 1741. He was only two months old when he was pro claimed emperor and his mother\, Anna Leopoldovna\, named regent\, but the throne was seized in a coup after little more than a year. Ivan and his p arents were imprisoned far from the capital\, and lived out their lives in captivity.\n\nBorn: August 23\, 1740\nDied: July 15\, 1764\nIn office: Oc tober 28\, 1740 – December 6\, 1741\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_ VI_of_Russia SUMMARY:Ivan VI of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:peter-iii-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17620105 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17620713 DESCRIPTION:Peter III Fyodorovich was Emperor of Russia from 5 January 1762 until 9 July of the same year\, when his wife\, Catherine II\, overthrew him in a palace coup d'état. He implemented many notable reforms during h is reign\, though he is criticised for undoing Russian gains in the Seven Years' War by forming an alliance with Prussia.\n\nBorn: February 21\, 172 8\nDied: July 17\, 1762\nIn office: January 5\, 1762 – July 12\, 1762\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia SUMMARY:Peter III of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:paul-i-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17961116 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18010325 DESCRIPTION:Paul I was Emperor of Russia from 1796 until his assassination in 1801.\n\nBorn: October 1\, 1754\nDied: March 23\, 1801\nIn office: Nove mber 16\, 1796 – March 24\, 1801\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_I_o f_Russia SUMMARY:Paul I of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:alexander-i-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18010324 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18251202 DESCRIPTION:Alexander I of Russia\, nicknamed "the Blessed"\, was Emperor o f Russia from 1801\, the first King of Congress Poland from 1815\, and the Grand Duke of Finland from 1809 to his death in 1825. He ruled Russia dur ing the period of the Napoleonic Wars.\n\nBorn: December 23\, 1777\nDied: December 1\, 1825\nIn office: March 24\, 1801 – December 1\, 1825\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia SUMMARY:Alexander I of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:catherine-i-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17250208 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17270518 DESCRIPTION:Catherine I was Empress of Russia from 8 February 1725 until he r death in 1727. She was previously empress consort of Russia from 1721 to 1725 as the second wife of Peter the Great\, and tsaritsa consort from 17 12 to 1721.\n\nBorn: 1684\nDied: 1727\nIn office: February 8\, 1725 – Ma y 17\, 1727\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_I_of_Russia SUMMARY:Catherine I of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:grand-duke-michael-alexandrovich-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19170315 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19170317 DESCRIPTION:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia was the youngest son and fifth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and youngest brother of Nicholas II. He was designated Emperor of Russia after his brother abd icated in 1917 and proclaimed him "Emperor Michael II"\, but Michael decli ned to take power a day later.\n\nBorn: December 4\, 1878\nDied: June 12\, 1918\nIn office: March 15\, 1917 – March 16\, 1917\nhttps://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Grand_Duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_of_Russia SUMMARY:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:anna-i-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17300216 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17401109 DESCRIPTION:Anna Ioannovna\, also russified as Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne\, served as regent of the Duchy of Courland and Semigal lia from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much of her administration was defined or heavily influenced by acti ons set in motion by her uncle\, Peter the Great\, such as the lavish buil ding projects in St. Petersburg\, funding the Russian Academy of Science\, and measures which generally favored the nobility\, such as the repeal of a primogeniture law in 1730. In the West\, Anna's reign was traditionally viewed as a continuation of the transition from the old Muscovy ways to t he European court envisioned by Peter the Great. Within Russia\, Anna's re ign is often referred to as a "dark era".\n\nBorn: February 7\, 1693\nDied : October 28\, 1740\nIn office: February 16\, 1730 – November 8\, 1740\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_of_Russia SUMMARY:Anna I of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:peter-ii-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17270517 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17300131 DESCRIPTION:Peter II Alexeyevich was Emperor of Russia from 1727 until 1730 \, when he died at the age of 14. He was the only son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich and Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg. After Catherine I's death\, Alexander Menshikov controlled Peter II\, but was thwarted by his opponents and exiled by Peter. Peter was also influenced by favorites like Prince Aleksey Dolgorukov\, leading to a neglect of state affairs and the tightening of serfdom. Peter's reign was marked by disengagement\, di sorder\, and indulgence. He was engaged to Ekaterina Dolgorukova\, but die d suddenly of smallpox before the marriage\, thus making him the last male agnatic member of the House of Romanov.\n\nBorn: October 23\, 1715\nDied: January 29\, 1730\nIn office: May 17\, 1727 – January 30\, 1730\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Russia SUMMARY:Peter II of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:boris-godunov DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15980217 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16050414 DESCRIPTION:Boris Feodorovich Godunov was the de facto regent of Russia fro m 1585 to 1598 and then tsar from 1598 to 1605 following the death of Feod or I\, the last of the Rurik dynasty. After the end of Feodor's reign\, Ru ssia descended into the Time of Troubles.\n\nBorn: 1551\nDied: April 23\, 1605\nIn office: February 17\, 1598 – April 13\, 1605\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Boris_Godunov SUMMARY:Boris Godunov END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:michael-i-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16130327 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16450102 DESCRIPTION:Michael I was Tsar of all Russia from 1613 after being elected by the Zemsky Sobor of 1613 until his death in 1645. He was the first tsar of the House of Romanov\, which succeeded the House of Rurik following th e Time of Troubles.\n\nBorn: July 22\, 1596\nDied: July 23\, 1645\nIn offi ce: March 27\, 1613 – January 1\, 1645\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi chael_of_Russia SUMMARY:Michael I of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:ivan-v-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16820102 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16960102 DESCRIPTION:Ivan V Alekseyevich was Tsar of all Russia between 1682 and 169 6\, jointly ruling with his younger half-brother Peter I. Ivan was the you ngest son of Alexis I of Russia by his first wife\, Maria Miloslavskaya\, while Peter was the only son of Alexis by his second wife\, Natalya Narysh kina. Ivan's reign was solely titular because he had serious physical and mental challenges.\n\nBorn: September 6\, 1666\nDied: February 8\, 1696\nI n office: 1682 – January 1\, 1696\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_V_ of_Russia SUMMARY:Ivan V of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:feodor-iii-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16760101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16820102 DESCRIPTION:Feodor III or Fyodor III Alekseyevich was Tsar of all Russia fr om 1676 until his death in 1682. Despite poor health from childhood\, he m anaged to pass reforms on improving meritocracy within the civil and milit ary state administration as well as founding the Slavic Greek Latin Academ y.\n\nBorn: June 9\, 1661\nDied: May 7\, 1682\nIn office: 1676 – January 1\, 1682\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feodor_III_of_Russia SUMMARY:Feodor III of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:feodor-i-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15840318 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15980108 DESCRIPTION:Feodor I Ioannovich or Fyodor I Ivanovich\, nicknamed the Bless ed (Блаженный)\, was Tsar of all Russia from 1584 until his death in 1598.\n\nBorn: May 21\, 1556\nDied: January 17\, 1598\nIn office: Marc h 18\, 1584 – January 7\, 1598\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feodor_I_o f_Russia SUMMARY:Feodor I of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:vasili-iv-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16060518 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16100102 DESCRIPTION:Vasili IV Ivanovich Shuisky was Tsar of all Russia from 1606 to 1610\, after the murder of False Dmitri I. His rule coincided with the Ti me of Troubles. He was the only member of House of Shuisky to become tsar and the last member of the Rurikid dynasty to rule as tsar.\n\nBorn: 1552\ nDied: September 12\, 1612\nIn office: 1606 – January 1\, 1610\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili_IV_of_Russia SUMMARY:Vasili IV of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:feodor-ii-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16050413 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16050602 DESCRIPTION:Feodor II Borisovich Godunov was Tsar of all Russia from April to June 1605\, during the Time of Troubles.\n\nBorn: 1589\nDied: June 20\, 1605\nIn office: April 13\, 1605 – June 1\, 1605\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Feodor_II_of_Russia SUMMARY:Feodor II of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:false-dmitriy-i DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16050601 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16060518 DESCRIPTION:False Dmitry I or Pseudo-Demetrius I reigned as the Tsar of all Russia from 10 June 1605 until his death on 17 May 1606 under the name of Dmitry Ivanovich. Dmitry ascended to the throne after the deposition of T sar Feodor II and ruled for 11 months before he was assassinated in the 16 06 Moscow Uprising and replaced with Vasili Shuisky. Dmitry was a pretende r who impersonated Dmitry of Uglich\, a son of Ivan the Terrible\, and his reign formed part of the Time of Troubles.\n\nBorn: January 1\, 1600\nDie d: May 27\, 1606\nIn office: June 1\, 1605 – May 17\, 1606\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/False_Dmitry_I SUMMARY:False Dmitriy I END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:catherine-ii-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17620709 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17961118 DESCRIPTION:Catherine II\, known as Catherine the Great\, was Empress of Ru ssia from 9 July 1762 until her death in 1796. Before her accession\, Cath erine had been a royal consort as the wife of Emperor Peter III\, whom she overthrew in a coup d'état. Her reign of over 34 years saw an era of pro sperity during the Enlightenment in which many new cities\, universities a nd theatres were established\; large-scale immigration from the rest of Eu rope occurred\; and the Russian Empire was recognised as a great power of Europe.\n\nBorn: May 2\, 1729\nDied: November 17\, 1796\nIn office: July 9 \, 1762 – November 17\, 1796\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_th e_Great SUMMARY:Catherine II of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:nicholas-ii-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18941101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19170316 DESCRIPTION:Nicholas II was Emperor of Russia from 1 November 1894 until hi s abdication in 1917. He was the last Russian monarch before the Russian R evolution and oversaw the Russian Empire's participation in World War I. I n 1918\, the Romanovs were murdered\, putting an end to the Romanov dynast y.\n\nBorn: May 18\, 1868\nDied: July 17\, 1918\nIn office: November 1\, 1 894 – March 15\, 1917\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_II SUMMARY:Nicholas II of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:irina-godunova DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15980116 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15980222 DESCRIPTION:Irina Feodorovna Godunova\, also known by her monastic name Ale xandra (Александра)\, was the tsaritsa consort of all Russia by marriage to Feodor I from 1584 until his death on 17 January [O.S. 7 Janua ry] 1598. As her husband died without surviving children\, she was the de facto ruler of Russia until she retired to Novodevichy Convent nine days l ater. She remained the nominal ruler of Russia until her brother Boris God unov was elected tsar on 3 March [O.S. 21 February] 1598.\n\nBorn: June 10 \, 1557\nDied: 1603\nIn office: January 16\, 1598 – February 21\, 1598\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irina_Godunova SUMMARY:Irina Godunova END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:wladyslaw-iv-vasa DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16100102 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16130102 DESCRIPTION:Władysław IV Vasa or Ladislaus IV was King of Poland\, Grand Duke of Lithuania and claimant of the thrones of Sweden and Russia. Born i nto the House of Vasa as a prince of Poland and of Sweden\, Władysław IV was the eldest son of Sigismund III Vasa and his first wife\, Anna of Aus tria.\n\nBorn: 1595\nDied: May 20\, 1648\nIn office: 1610 – January 1\, 1613\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa SUMMARY:Władysław IV Vasa END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:ivan-the-terrible DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15470126 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15840102 DESCRIPTION:Ivan IV Vasilyevich\, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible\, was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsa r and Grand Prince of all Russia from 1547 until his death in 1584. Ivan's reign was characterised by Russia's transformation from a medieval state to a fledgling empire\, but at an immense cost to its people and long-term economy.\n\nBorn: August 25\, 1530\nDied: March 28\, 1584\nIn office: Jan uary 26\, 1547 – January 1\, 1584\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_th e_Terrible SUMMARY:Ivan the Terrible END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:alexander-ii-of-russia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18550302 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18810314 DESCRIPTION:Alexander II was Emperor of Russia\, King of Poland\, and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 188 1. He is also known as Alexander the Liberator because of his historic Edi ct of Emancipation\, which officially abolished Russian serfdom in 1861. C rowned on 7 September 1856\, he succeeded his father Nicholas I and was su cceeded by his son Alexander III.\n\nBorn: April 29\, 1818\nDied: March 13 \, 1881\nIn office: March 2\, 1855 – March 13\, 1881\nhttps://en.wikiped ia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia SUMMARY:Alexander II of Russia END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T033431Z UID:peter-the-great DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16820507 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17250209 DESCRIPTION:Peter I\, known by the epithet the Great\, was the tsar of all Russia from 1682 to 1721\, and the first emperor of Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned jointly with his brother\, Ivan V\, from 16 82 until Ivan's death in 1696.\n\nBorn: June 9\, 1672\nDied: February 8\, 1725\nIn office: May 7\, 1682 – February 8\, 1725\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Peter_the_Great SUMMARY:Peter the Great END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR