BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:icalendar-ruby CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-albert-einstein-q937 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18790314 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19550419 DESCRIPTION:Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist best kn own for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum theory. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2\, which arises from special relativity\, has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for "h is services to theoretical physics\, and especially for his discovery of t he law of the photoelectric effect".\n\nMarch 14\, 1879 – April 18\, 195 5\; died at 76.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Leo Tolstoy\, Vi ncent van Gogh\, Friedrich Nietzsche\, and Pope Francis.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein SUMMARY:Albert Einstein · 1879–1955 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-leonardo-da-vinci-q762 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14520424 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15200101 DESCRIPTION:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the H igh Renaissance who was active as a painter\, draughtsman\, engineer\, sci entist\, theorist\, sculptor\, and architect. While his fame initially res ted on his achievements as a painter\, he has also become known for his no tebooks\, in which he made drawings and notes on a variety of subjects\, i ncluding anatomy\, astronomy\, botany\, cartography\, painting\, and palae ontology. Leonardo is widely regarded as a genius who epitomised the Renai ssance humanist ideal\, and his collective works contributed to the develo pment of European art to an extent rivalled only by that of his younger co ntemporary Michelangelo.\n\nApril 24\, 1452 – 1519\; died at about 66.\n Alive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Christopher Colum bus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and François Villon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci SUMMARY:Leonardo da Vinci · 1452–1519 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-isaac-newton-q935 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16430104 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17280101 DESCRIPTION:Sir Isaac Newton was an English polymath who was a mathematicia n\, physicist\, astronomer\, alchemist\, theologian\, historian and invent or. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica\, fi rst published in 1687\, achieved the first great unification in physics an d established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics\, and shares credit with the German mathematician Gottfried Wilh elm Leibniz for formulating infinitesimal calculus\, although he developed calculus years before Leibniz. Newton contributed to and refined the scie ntific method\, and his work is considered the most influential in bringin g forth modern science.\n\nJanuary 4\, 1643 – 1727\; died at about 83.\n Alive at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, Jean-Jacques Rousseau\, Benjamin Franklin\, and Rembrandt.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Isaac_Newton SUMMARY:Isaac Newton · 1643–1727 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-charles-darwin-q1035 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18090212 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18820420 DESCRIPTION:Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist\, geologist\, a nd biologist\, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species have descended from a common ancestor is now accepted and considered a fundamental scientific concept. In a joint presentation with Alfred Russel Wallace\, he proposed that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process he called natural selection\, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificia l selection involved in selective breeding. Darwin has been described as o ne of the most influential figures in human history and was honoured by bu rial in Westminster Abbey.\n\nFebruary 12\, 1809 – April 19\, 1882\; die d at 73.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Leo Tols toy\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Vincent van Gogh.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Charles_Darwin SUMMARY:Charles Darwin · 1809–1882 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-thomas-edison-q8743 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18470211 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19311019 DESCRIPTION:Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman kno wn for his work on the incandescent light bulb\, the phonograph\, electric power distribution and early motion pictures. The merger of the Edison Ge neral Electric Company and the competitor Thomson-Houston Electric Company resulted in the formation of General Electric. Edison registered 1\,093 p atents in the United States.\n\nFebruary 11\, 1847 – October 18\, 1931\; died at 84.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Karl Marx\, Leo Tol stoy\, Vincent van Gogh\, and John Paul II.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/Thomas_Edison SUMMARY:Thomas Edison · 1847–1931 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-marie-curie-q7186 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18671107 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19340705 DESCRIPTION:Maria Salomea Skłodowska Curie\, better known as Marie Curie\, was a Polish and naturalised-French physicist and chemist. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband\, Pierre Curie\, "for their joint researches on the radioactivity phenomena discovered by Professor He nri Becquerel". She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "[for] the disco very of the elements radium and polonium\, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element".\n\nNove mber 7\, 1867 – July 4\, 1934\; died at 66.\nAlive at the same time as A dolf Hitler\, Karl Marx\, Leo Tolstoy\, Vincent van Gogh\, and John Paul I I.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie SUMMARY:Marie Curie · 1867–1934 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-archimedes-q8739 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02860101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02090101 DESCRIPTION:Archimedes of Syracuse was an Ancient Greek mathematician\, phy sicist\, engineer\, astronomer\, and inventor from the city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known\, based on his survivi ng work\, he is considered one of the leading scientists in classical anti quity\, and one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Archimedes ant icipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infin itesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove many geometrical theorems\, including the area of a circle\, the surface area and volume of a sphere\, the area of an ellipse\, the area under a parabol a\, the volume of a segment of a paraboloid of revolution\, the volume of a segment of a hyperboloid of revolution\, and the area of a spiral.\n\n28 7 BC – 211 BC\; died at about 76.\nAlive at the same time as Qin Shi Hua ng\, Epicurus\, Plautus\, Ashoka\, and Hannibal.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.o rg/wiki/Archimedes SUMMARY:Archimedes · 287–211 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-nikola-tesla-q9036 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18560710 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19430108 DESCRIPTION:Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American engineer\, futurist\, and i nventor. He is known for his contributions to the design of the modern alt ernating current (AC) electricity supply system.\n\nJuly 10\, 1856 – Jan uary 7\, 1943\; died at 86.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Karl Marx\, Leo Tolstoy\, Vincent van Gogh\, and Neil Armstrong.\n\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla SUMMARY:Nikola Tesla · 1856–1943 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-carl-linnaeus-q1043 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17070523 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17780111 DESCRIPTION:Carl Linnaeus\, also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl vo n Linné\, was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial n omenclature\, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "f ather of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin\; his name i s rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus and\, after his 1761 ennoblement\, as Carolus a Linné.\n\nMay 23\, 1707 – January 10\, 1778\; died at 70. \nAlive at the same time as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, George Washington \, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\, Immanuel Kant\, and Isaac Newton.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus SUMMARY:Carl Linnaeus · 1707–1778 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-nicolaus-copernicus-q619 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14730228 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15430604 DESCRIPTION:Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center . The publication of Copernicus's model in his book De revolutionibus orbi um coelestium\, just before his death in 1543\, was a major event in the h istory of science\, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a pion eering contribution to the Scientific Revolution. Though a similar helioce ntric model had been developed eighteen centuries earlier by Aristarchus o f Samos\, an ancient Greek astronomer\, Copernicus likely arrived at his m odel independently.\n\nFebruary 28\, 1473 – June 3\, 1543\; died at 70.\ nAlive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Christopher Colu mbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Michel de Montaigne.\n\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus SUMMARY:Nicolaus Copernicus · 1473–1543 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-louis-pasteur-q529 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18221227 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18950929 DESCRIPTION:Louis Pasteur was a French chemist\, pharmacist\, and microbiol ogist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination\, micr obial fermentation\, and pasteurization\, the last of which was named afte r him. His research in chemistry led to remarkable breakthroughs in the un derstanding of the causes and prevention of diseases\, which laid down the foundations of hygiene\, public health and much of modern medicine. Paste ur's works are credited with saving millions of lives through the developm ent of vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He is regarded as one of the found ers of modern bacteriology and has been honored as the "father of bacterio logy" and the "father of microbiology".\n\nDecember 27\, 1822 – Septembe r 28\, 1895\; died at 72.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham L incoln\, Leo Tolstoy\, Vincent van Gogh\, and Frédéric Chopin.\n\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur SUMMARY:Louis Pasteur · 1822–1895 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz-q9047 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16460701 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17161115 DESCRIPTION:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German polymath active as a mat hematician\, philosopher\, scientist\, and diplomat. Alongside Isaac Newto n\, he is widely credited with the invention of calculus. He is also credi ted with making foundational contributions to other areas of mathematics\, such as binary arithmetic and statistics.\n\nJuly 1\, 1646 – November 1 4\, 1716\; died at 70.\nAlive at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, Benjamin Franklin\, John Locke\, and Rembrandt.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz SUMMARY:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1646–1716 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-euclid-q8747 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03220101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02830101 DESCRIPTION:Euclid was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry"\, he is chiefly known fo r the Elements treatise\, which established the foundations of geometry th at largely dominated the field until the early 19th century. His system\, now referred to as Euclidean geometry\, involved innovations in combinatio n with a synthesis of theories from earlier Greek mathematicians\, includi ng Eudoxus of Cnidus\, Hippocrates of Chios\, Thales and Theaetetus. With Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga\, Euclid is generally considered among the greatest mathematicians of antiquity\, and one of the most influential in the history of mathematics.\n\n323 BC – 285 BC\; died at about 37.\n Alive at the same time as Ashoka\, Epicurus\, Chanakya\, Apelles\, and Men ander.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid SUMMARY:Euclid · 323–285 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-stephen-hawking-q17714 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19420108 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20180315 DESCRIPTION:Stephen William Hawking was an English theoretical astrophysici st\, cosmologist\, and author who was director of research at the Centre f or Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge. Between 1979 and 2009\, he was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge\, widely viewed as one of the most prestigious academic posts in the world.\n\nJanu ary 8\, 1942 – March 14\, 2018\; died at 76.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstrong\, and Gabriel García Márquez.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking SUMMARY:Stephen Hawking · 1942–2018 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-carl-friedrich-gauss-q6722 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17770430 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18550224 DESCRIPTION:Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathematician\, astron omer\, geodesist\, and physicist\, who contributed to many fields in mathe matics and science. His mathematical contributions spanned the branches of number theory\, algebra\, analysis\, geometry\, statistics\, and probabil ity. Gauss was director of the Göttingen Observatory in Germany and profe ssor of astronomy from 1807 until his death in 1855.\n\nApril 30\, 1777 – February 23\, 1855\; died at 77.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\ , Abraham Lincoln\, Leo Tolstoy\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Napoleon.\n\n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss SUMMARY:Carl Friedrich Gauss · 1777–1855 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-blaise-pascal-q1290 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16230619 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16620820 DESCRIPTION:Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician\, physicist\, inventor \, philosopher\, and Catholic writer.\n\nJune 19\, 1623 – August 19\, 16 62\; died at 39.\nAlive at the same time as René Descartes\, Molière\, R embrandt\, Louis XIV of France\, and Isaac Newton.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal SUMMARY:Blaise Pascal · 1623–1662 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-avicenna-q8011 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09800101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10380101 DESCRIPTION:Ibn Sina\, commonly known in the West as Avicenna\, was a preem inent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world. He was a seminal figu re of the Islamic Golden Age\, serving in the courts of various Iranian ru lers\, and was influential to medieval European medical and Scholastic tho ught. Avicenna is considered one of the greatest thinkers and medical scho lars in history.\n\n980 – 1037\; died at about 57.\nAlive at the same ti me as Murasaki Shikibu\, Leif Erikson\, Sylvester II\, Vladimir the Great\ , and Ferdowsi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna SUMMARY:Avicenna · 980–1037 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-alfred-nobel-q23810 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18331021 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18961211 DESCRIPTION:Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist\, inventor\, engine er\, and businessman. Nobel is known for inventing dynamite\, as well as h aving bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes. He worked on v arious important contributions and inventions to science\, holding 355 pat ents during his life.\n\nOctober 21\, 1833 – December 10\, 1896\; died a t 63.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Leo Tolstoy \, Vincent van Gogh\, and Frédéric Chopin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/Alfred_Nobel SUMMARY:Alfred Nobel · 1833–1896 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-leonhard-euler-q7604 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17070415 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17840101 DESCRIPTION:Leonhard Euler was a Swiss polymath who was active as a mathema tician\, physicist\, astronomer\, logician\, geographer\, music theorist a nd engineer. He founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics\, such as an alytic number theory\, complex analysis\, and infinitesimal calculus. He a lso introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and notation\, incl uding the notion of a mathematical function. He is known for his work in m echanics\, fluid dynamics\, optics\, astronomy\, and music theory. Euler h as been called a "universal genius" who "was fully equipped with almost un limited powers of imagination\, intellectual gifts and extraordinary memor y". He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg\, Russia\, and in Berlin\, then the capital of Prussia.\n\nApril 15\, 1707 – 1783\; died a t about 75.\nAlive at the same time as Napoleon\, Johann Wolfgang von Goet he\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Immanuel Kant\, and Isaac Newton.\n\nhttps://e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler SUMMARY:Leonhard Euler · 1707–1783 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-johannes-kepler-q8963 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15711221 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16301116 DESCRIPTION:Johannes Kepler was a German polymath who was an astronomer\, m athematician\, astrologer\, natural philosopher and music theorist. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution\, best known for hi s laws of planetary motion\, and his books Astronomia nova\, Harmonice Mun di\, and Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae. The variety and impact of his w ork made Kepler one of the founders and fathers of modern astronomy\, the scientific method\, natural science\, and modern science. He has been desc ribed as the "father of science fiction" for his novel Somnium.\n\nDecembe r 21\, 1571 – November 15\, 1630\; died at 58.\nAlive at the same time a s William Shakespeare\, René Descartes\, Rembrandt\, Elizabeth I of Engla nd\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Johannes_Kepler SUMMARY:Johannes Kepler · 1571–1630 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-niels-bohr-q7085 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18851007 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19630101 DESCRIPTION:Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quan tum theory\, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. He was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.\n\nOctober 7 \, 1885 – 1962\; died at about 76.\nAlive at the same time as Donald Tru mp\, Leo Tolstoy\, Pablo Picasso\, Friedrich Nietzsche\, and Pope Francis. \n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr SUMMARY:Niels Bohr · 1885–1962 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-johannes-gutenberg-q8958 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14690101 DESCRIPTION:Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a German inven tor and craftsman who invented the movable-type printing press. Though mov able type was already in use in East Asia\, Gutenberg's invention of the p rinting press enabled a much faster rate of printing. The printing press l ater spread across the world\, and led to an information revolution and th e unprecedented mass-spread of literature throughout Europe. It had a prof ound impact on the development of the Renaissance\, Reformation\, and huma nist movements.\n\n1400 – 1468\; died at about 68.\nAlive at the same ti me as Christopher Columbus\, Joan of Arc\, Jan Hus\, François Villon\, an d Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg SUMMARY:Johannes Gutenberg · 1400–1468 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-max-planck-q9021 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18580423 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19471205 DESCRIPTION:Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was a German theoretical physicist . Planck made many contributions to theoretical physics\, primarily in his role as the originator of quantum theory and one of the founders of moder n physics\, which revolutionized understanding of atomic and subatomic pro cesses. He is known for the Planck constant\, \, which is of foundational importance for quantum physics\, and which he used to derive a set of unit s\, now called Planck units\, expressed in terms of physical constants. Th e Planck relation\, E= ν\, states that the energy of a photon is proporti onal to its frequency.\n\nApril 23\, 1858 – December 4\, 1947\; died at 89.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Karl Marx\, Leo Tolstoy\, Vi ncent van Gogh\, and Pope Francis.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Pl anck SUMMARY:Max Planck · 1858–1947 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-michael-faraday-q8750 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17910922 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18680101 DESCRIPTION:Michael Faraday was an English chemist and physicist who contri buted vastly to the study of electrochemistry and electromagnetism. His ma in discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction \, diamagnetism\, and electrolysis. Although Faraday received little forma l education\, as a self-made man\, he was one of the most influential scie ntists in history. It was by his research on the magnetic field around a c onductor carrying a direct current that Faraday established the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics. Faraday also established that magne tism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relations hip between the two phenomena. He similarly discovered the principles of e lectromagnetic induction\, diamagnetism\, and the laws of electrolysis. Hi s inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of el ectric motor technology\, and it was largely due to his efforts that elect ricity became practical for use in technology. The SI unit of capacitance\ , the farad\, is named after him.\n\nSeptember 22\, 1791 – 1867\; died a t about 75.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Leo T olstoy\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Vincent van Gogh.\n\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday SUMMARY:Michael Faraday · 1791–1867 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-hippocrates-q5264 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04590101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03680101 DESCRIPTION:Hippocrates of Kos\, also known as Hippocrates II\, named after his grandfather Hippocrates I was a Greek physician and philosopher of th e classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures i n the history of medicine. He is traditionally referred to as the "Father of Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field\, su ch as the use of prognosis and clinical observation\, the systematic categ orization of diseases\, and the formulation of humoral theory. His studies set out the basic ideas of modern-day specialties\, including surgery\, u rology\, neurology\, acute medicine and orthopedics\, and advanced the sys tematic study of clinical medicine.\n\n460 BC – 370 BC\; died at about 8 9.\nAlive at the same time as Aristotle\, Sophocles\, Thucydides\, Plato\, and Socrates.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocrates SUMMARY:Hippocrates · 460–370 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-enrico-fermi-q8753 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19010929 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19541129 DESCRIPTION:Enrico Fermi was an Italian and naturalized-American physicist\ , renowned for being the creator of the world's first artificial nuclear r eactor\, Chicago Pile-1\, and a member of the Manhattan Project. He won th e 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation\, and for his rel ated discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons". He ha s been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and the "architect of the atomic bomb". He was one of very few physicists to excel in both theoreti cal and experimental physics. With his colleagues\, Fermi filed several pa tents related to the use of nuclear power\, all of which were taken over b y the US government. He made significant contributions to the development of statistical mechanics\, quantum theory\, and nuclear and particle physi cs.\n\nSeptember 29\, 1901 – November 28\, 1954\; died at 53.\nAlive at the same time as Adolf Hitler\, Pablo Picasso\, Franz Kafka\, Pope Francis \, and Neil Armstrong.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi SUMMARY:Enrico Fermi · 1901–1954 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-omar-khayyam-q35900 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10480515 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11311212 DESCRIPTION:Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) was a Persian poet and polymath\, kn own for his contributions to mathematics\, astronomy\, philosophy\, and Pe rsian literature. He was born in Nishapur\, Iran and lived during the Selj uk era\, around the time of the First Crusade.\n\nMay 15\, 1048 – Decemb er 11\, 1131\; died at 83.\nAlive at the same time as William the Conquero r\, Peter Abelard\, Anselm of Canterbury\, Solomon ibn Gabirol\, and Berna rd of Clairvaux.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Khayyam SUMMARY:Omar Khayyám · 1048–1131 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-mu-ammad-ibn-musa-al-khwarizmi-q9038 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:07800101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08510101 DESCRIPTION:Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\, or simply al-Khwarizmi was a m athematician active during the Islamic Golden Age\, who produced Arabic-la nguage works in mathematics\, astronomy\, and geography. Around 820\, he w orked at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad\, the contemporary capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate. One of the most prominent scholars of the period\, his works were widely influential on later authors\, both in the Islamic world and Europe.\n\n780 – 850\; died at about 70.\nAlive at the same ti me as Charlemagne\, Abu Nuwas\, Ādi Shankara\, Al-Shafi'i\, and Jabir ibn Hayyan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khwarizmi SUMMARY:Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi · 780–850 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-tim-berners-lee-q80 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19550608 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee\, also known as TimBL\, is an Engl ish computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web\, HTML\, the URL system\, and HTTP. He is a professorial research fellow at the University of Oxford and a professor emeritus at the Massachusetts Ins titute of Technology (MIT).\n\nBorn June 8\, 1955\; 71 today.\nAlive at th e same time as Barack Obama\, Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstron g\, and Gabriel García Márquez.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Ber ners-Lee SUMMARY:Tim Berners-Lee · born 1955 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-james-watt-q9041 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17360119 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18190820 DESCRIPTION:James Watt was a Scottish inventor\, engineer and chemist who i mproved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt stea m engine in 1776\, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Ind ustrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the wo rld.\n\nJanuary 19\, 1736 – August 19\, 1819\; died at 83.\nAlive at the same time as Abraham Lincoln\, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Be ethoven\, Immanuel Kant\, and Napoleon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J ames_Watt SUMMARY:James Watt · 1736–1819 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-richard-feynman-q39246 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19180511 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19880216 DESCRIPTION:Richard Phillips Feynman was an American theoretical physicist. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics with Julian Schwinger and Shin' ichirō Tomonaga "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics (Q ED)\, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary parti cles".\nHe is also known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics\, the theory of the physics of the superfluidity of supe rcooled liquid helium\, and the parton model. Feynman developed a pictoria l representation scheme for the mathematical expressions describing the be havior of subatomic particles\, which later became known as Feynman diagra ms and remains widely used.\n\nMay 11\, 1918 – February 15\, 1988\; died at 69.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Pablo Picasso\, Pope Fra ncis\, Neil Armstrong\, and George Orwell.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Richard_Feynman SUMMARY:Richard Feynman · 1918–1988 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-linus-torvalds-q34253 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19691228 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Linus Benedict Torvalds is a Finnish and American software engi neer who is the creator and lead developer of the Linux kernel since 1991. He also created the distributed version control system Git.\n\nBorn Decem ber 28\, 1969\; 56 today.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Salvad or Dalí\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstrong\, and Gabriel García Márquez.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds SUMMARY:Linus Torvalds · born 1969 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-alexander-von-humboldt-q6694 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17690914 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18590507 DESCRIPTION:Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt was a German polymath\, geographer\, naturalist\, explorer\, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian ministe r\, philosopher\, and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835). Humbold t's quantitative work on botanical geography laid the foundation for the f ield of biogeography\, while his advocacy of long-term systematic geophysi cal measurement pioneered modern geomagnetic and meteorological monitoring . Humboldt and Carl Ritter are both regarded as the founders of modern geo graphy as they established it as an independent scientific discipline.\n\n September 14\, 1769 – May 6\, 1859\; died at 89.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Leo Tolstoy\, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\, and Napoleon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt SUMMARY:Alexander von Humboldt · 1769–1859 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-ptolemy-q34943 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00850101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01660101 DESCRIPTION:Claudius Ptolemy\, better known mononymously as Ptolemy\, was a Greco-Roman who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises\, three of which were important to later Byzantine\, Islamic\, and Western European scienc e. The first was his astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest\, ori ginally entitled Mathēmatikḗ Syntaxis. The second is the Geography\, wh ich is a thorough discussion on maps and the geographic knowledge of the G reco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise in which he attem pted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day. This is sometimes known as the Apotelesmatika but more commonl y known as the Tetrábiblos.\n\n85 – 165\; died at about 80.\nAlive at t he same time as Marcus Aurelius\, Plutarch\, John the Apostle\, Apuleius\, and Nagarjuna.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy SUMMARY:Ptolemy · 85–165 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-richard-dawkins-q44461 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19410326 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Richard Dawkins is a British evolutionary biologist\, zoologist \, science communicator\, noted atheist\, and author. He is an emeritus fe llow of New College\, Oxford. In 1995 he was named the first Simonyi Profe ssor for the Public Understanding of Science\, a position he held until 20 08\, and is on the advisory board of the University of Austin. Dawkins has won several academic and writing awards\, among them the 2005 Shakespeare Prize and the 2006 Lewis Thomas Prize. Presenting the latter\, Paul Nurse said "In eloquent\, evocative prose\, Richard Dawkins conveys the certain ty that\, rather than diminishing the myriad beauties of the universe and extinguishing wonderment at its mysteries\, science reveals truths that ar e yet more awe-inspiring than the mysteries they solve."\n\nBorn March 26\ , 1941\; 85 today.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Pablo Picasso \, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstrong\, and Gabriel García Márquez.\n\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dawkins SUMMARY:Richard Dawkins · born 1941 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-ada-lovelace-q7259 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18151210 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18521128 DESCRIPTION:Augusta Ada King\, Countess of Lovelace\, also known as Ada Lov elace\, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer\, the analy tical engine. She was the first to recognise the machine had applications beyond pure calculation. Lovelace is often considered the first computer p rogrammer.\n\nDecember 10\, 1815 – November 27\, 1852\; died at 36.\nAli ve at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Leo Tolstoy\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Charles Darwin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_L ovelace SUMMARY:Ada Lovelace · 1815–1852 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-joseph-fourier-q8772 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17680321 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18300517 DESCRIPTION:Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician and phy sicist born in Auxerre\, Burgundy and best known for initiating the invest igation of Fourier series\, which eventually developed into Fourier analys is and harmonic analysis\, and their applications to problems of heat tran sfer and vibrations. The Fourier transform and Fourier's law of conduction are also named in his honour. Fourier is also generally credited with the discovery of the greenhouse effect.\n\nMarch 21\, 1768 – May 16\, 1830\ ; died at 62.\nAlive at the same time as Karl Marx\, Abraham Lincoln\, Joh ann Wolfgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, and Napoleon.\n\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourier SUMMARY:Joseph Fourier · 1768–1830 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-antoine-lavoisier-q39607 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17430826 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17940509 DESCRIPTION:Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier\, also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution\, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.\n\nAugust 26\, 1743 – May 8\, 1794\; died at 50.\nAlive at the same time as Napoleon\, Johan n Wolfgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Immanuel Kant\, and George Washington.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier SUMMARY:Antoine Lavoisier · 1743–1794 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-pierre-simon-laplace-q44481 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17490323 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18270305 DESCRIPTION:Pierre-Simon\, Marquis de Laplace was a French polymath\, a sch olar whose work has been instrumental in the fields of physics\, astronomy \, mathematics\, engineering\, statistics\, and philosophy. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five-volume Mécanique c éleste (1799–1825). This work translated the geometric study of classic al mechanics to one based on calculus\, opening up a broader range of prob lems. Laplace also popularized and further confirmed Sir Isaac Newton's wo rk. In statistics\, the Bayesian interpretation of probability was develop ed mainly by Laplace.\n\nMarch 23\, 1749 – March 4\, 1827\; died at 77.\ nAlive at the same time as Abraham Lincoln\, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, Ludwig van Beethoven\, Immanuel Kant\, and Napoleon.\n\nhttps://en.wikiped ia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace SUMMARY:Pierre-Simon Laplace · 1749–1827 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-fibonacci-q8763 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11700101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12510101 DESCRIPTION:Leonardo Bonacci\, also Leonardo da Pisa\, commonly known as Fi bonacci\, was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa\, conside red to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".\n\ n1170 – 1250\; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same time as Genghis Khan \, Thomas Aquinas\, Rumi\, Francis of Assisi\, and Saladin.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci SUMMARY:Fibonacci · 1170–1250 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-brahmagupta-q202943 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05980101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:06660101 DESCRIPTION:Brahmagupta was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who is c redited as the first person to understand and formalize the concept of the number zero for nothing in mathematics. He is the author of two early wor ks on mathematics and astronomy: the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\, a theoret ical treatise\, and the Khandakhadyaka\, a more practical text. He is also credited with the first clear description of the quadratic formula in his main work\, the Brāhma-sphuṭa-siddhānta.\n\n598 – 665\; died at abo ut 67.\nAlive at the same time as Muhammad\, Umar ibn Al-Khattāb\, Pseudo -Dionysius the Areopagite\, Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib\, and Abu Bakr.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta SUMMARY:Brahmagupta · 598–665 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-tycho-brahe-q36620 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15461224 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16020101 DESCRIPTION:Tycho Brahe\, generally called Tycho for short\, was a Danish a stronomer known for his comprehensive and unprecedentedly accurate astrono mical observations which helped to turn astronomy into the first modern sc ience and launch the Scientific Revolution. He was known during his lifeti me as an astronomer\, astrologer\, and alchemist. He was the last major as tronomer before the invention of the telescope and has been described as t he greatest pre-telescopic astronomer.\n\nDecember 24\, 1546 – 1601\; di ed at about 53.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, Michelang elo\, Francis Bacon\, Elizabeth I of England\, and Jacques Cartier.\n\nhtt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tycho_Brahe SUMMARY:Tycho Brahe · 1546–1601 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-christiaan-huygens-q39599 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16290414 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16950609 DESCRIPTION:Christiaan Huygens\, Lord of Zeelhem was a Dutch mathematician\ , physicist\, engineer\, astronomer\, and inventor who is regarded as a ke y figure in the Scientific Revolution. In physics\, Huygens made seminal c ontributions to optics and mechanics\, while as an astronomer he studied t he rings of Saturn and discovered its largest moon\, Titan. As an engineer and inventor\, he improved the design of telescopes and invented the pend ulum clock\, the most accurate timekeeper for almost 300 years. A talented mathematician and physicist\, Huygens authored the first modern treatise where a physical problem was idealized using mathematical parameters\, whi le his work on light contains the first mathematical and mechanistic expla nation of an unobservable physical phenomenon.\n\nApril 14\, 1629 – June 8\, 1695\; died at 66.\nAlive at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach\, René Descartes\, Molière\, Rembrandt\, and Louis XIV of France.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens SUMMARY:Christiaan Huygens · 1629–1695 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-pierre-de-fermat-q75655 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16010817 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16650113 DESCRIPTION:Pierre de Fermat was a French magistrate\, polymath\, and mathe matician credited for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculu s\, including his technique of adequality. In particular\, he is recognize d for his discovery of an original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines\, which is analogous to that of differe ntial calculus\, then unknown\, and his research into number theory. He ma de notable contributions to analytic geometry\, probability\, and optics. He is best known for his Fermat's principle for light propagation and his Fermat's Last Theorem in number theory\, which he described in a note at t he margin of a copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica. He was also a lawyer at th e parlement of Toulouse\, France\, a poet\, a skilled Latinist\, and a Hel lenist.\n\nAugust 17\, 1601 – January 12\, 1665\; died at 63.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, René Descartes\, Rembrandt\, Louis XIV of France\, and Isaac Newton.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre _de_Fermat SUMMARY:Pierre de Fermat · 1601–1665 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-condoleezza-rice-q47216 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19541114 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Condoleezza "Condi" Rice is an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the 66th United States secretary of state from 200 5 to 2009 and as the 19th U.S. national security advisor from 2001 to 2005 . Since 2020\, she has served as the 8th director of Stanford University's Hoover Institution.\n\nBorn November 14\, 1954\; 71 today.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstrong\ , and Gabriel García Márquez.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condoleez za_Rice SUMMARY:Condoleezza Rice · born 1954 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-eratosthenes-q43182 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02750101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01920101 DESCRIPTION:Eratosthenes of Cyrene was an Ancient Greek polymath: a philoso pher\, scholar\, mathematician\, geographer\, poet\, astronomer\, and musi c theorist. Eratosthenes eventually became the chief librarian at the Libr ary of Alexandria. His work was the precursor to the modern discipline of geography\, and he introduced some of its terminology\, coining the terms geography and geographer.\n\n276 BC – 194 BC\; died at about 81.\nAlive at the same time as Qin Shi Huang\, Plautus\, Zeno of Citium\, Archimedes\ , and Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes SUMMARY:Eratosthenes · 276–194 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-antonie-van-leeuwenhoek-q43522 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16321024 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17230827 DESCRIPTION:Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch art\, science and technology. A la rgely self-taught man in science\, he is commonly known as "the Father of Microbiology"\, and one of the first microscopists and microbiologists. Va n Leeuwenhoek is best known for his pioneering work in microscopy and for his contributions toward the establishment of microbiology as a scientific discipline.\n\nOctober 24\, 1632 – August 26\, 1723\; died at 90.\nAliv e at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, René Descartes\, Benjamin Franklin\, and Rembrandt.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton ie_van_Leeuwenhoek SUMMARY:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 1632–1723 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-paracelsus-q83428 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14931119 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15411005 DESCRIPTION:Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim\, known as Paracelsus\, was a Swiss physician\, alchemist\, lay theologian\, and philosopher of the Ge rman Renaissance.\n\nNovember 19\, 1493 – October 4\, 1541\; died at 47. \nAlive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Christopher Col umbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.\n\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus SUMMARY:Paracelsus · 1493–1541 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-ibn-al-haytham-q11104 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09650101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10420101 DESCRIPTION:Ibn al-Haytham\, Latinized as Alhazen\, was a mathematician\, a stronomer\, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from Iraq. Referred to as "the father of modern optics"\, he made significant contributions to t he principles of optics and visual perception in particular. His most infl uential work is titled Kitāb al-Manāẓir\, written during 1011–1021\, which survived in a Latin edition. The works of Alhazen were frequently c ited during the Scientific Revolution by Galileo Galilei\, René Descartes \, Johannes Kepler\, and Christiaan Huygens.\n\n965 – 1041\; died at abo ut 76.\nAlive at the same time as Murasaki Shikibu\, William the Conqueror \, Leif Erikson\, Sylvester II\, and Avicenna.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham SUMMARY:Ibn al-Haytham · 965–1041 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-steve-wozniak-q483382 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19500811 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Stephen Gary Wozniak\, also known by his nickname Woz\, is an A merican technology entrepreneur\, electrical engineer\, computer programme r\, and inventor. In 1976\, he co-founded Apple Inc. with his early busine ss partner Steve Jobs. Through his work at Apple in the 1970s and 1980s\, he is widely recognized as one of the most prominent pioneers of the perso nal computer revolution.\n\nBorn August 11\, 1950\; 76 today.\nAlive at th e same time as Barack Obama\, Pablo Picasso\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstron g\, and Gabriel García Márquez.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_W ozniak SUMMARY:Steve Wozniak · born 1950 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-aryabhata-q11359 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04760101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05510101 DESCRIPTION:Aryabhata or Aryabhata I was the first of the major mathematici an-astronomers and early physicist from the classical age of Indian mathem atics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya and the Arya-siddhanta.\n\n476 – 550\; died at about 74.\nAlive at the same time as Justinian I\, Gregory I\, Boethius\, Benedict of Nursia\, and Clovis I .\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata SUMMARY:Aryabhata · 476–550 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-edmond-halley-q47434 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16561108 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17420126 DESCRIPTION:Edmond Halley was an English astronomer\, mathematician and phy sicist. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain\, succeeding John Fl amsteed in 1720.\n\nNovember 8\, 1656 – January 25\, 1742\; died at 85.\ nAlive at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, Immanuel Kan t\, Benjamin Franklin\, and Rembrandt.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed mond_Halley SUMMARY:Edmond Halley · 1656–1742 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-anders-celsius-q81130 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17011111 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17440507 DESCRIPTION:Anders Celsius was a Swedish astronomer\, physicist and mathema tician. He was professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1 744\, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in Ger many\, Italy and France. He founded the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory i n 1741\, and in 1742 proposed the centigrade temperature scale\, which was later renamed Celsius in his honour.\n\nNovember 11\, 1701 – May 6\, 17 44\; died at 42.\nAlive at the same time as George Washington\, Johann Seb astian Bach\, Voltaire\, Immanuel Kant\, and Isaac Newton.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Celsius SUMMARY:Anders Celsius · 1701–1744 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-maryam-mirzakhani-q1771279 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19770503 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20170715 DESCRIPTION:Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. Her research focused on hyperbolic geometry\, dynamical systems\, complex analysis\, and topology. In 2014\, she was awarded the Fields Medal for her work in "the dynamics and geometr y of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces"\, becoming the first woman and the first Iranian citizen to win the prize. Along with the Fields Meda l\, her work earned numerous honors\, including the Blumenthal Award\, the Satter Prize\, and the Clay Research Award.\n\nMay 3\, 1977 – July 14\, 2017\; died at 40.\nAlive at the same time as Barack Obama\, Salvador Dal í\, Pope Francis\, Neil Armstrong\, and Gabriel García Márquez.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam_Mirzakhani SUMMARY:Maryam Mirzakhani · 1977–2017 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-abu-bakr-al-razi-q169234 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08540101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09260101 DESCRIPTION:Abū Bakr al-Rāzī\, also known as Rhazes\, was a Persian Musl im physician\, philosopher\, alchemist\, and pre-eminent medical writer of the Islamic Golden Age\, widely regarded as one of the most important fig ures in the history of medicine. In addition to medicine and philosophy\, he wrote on logic\, astronomy\, and grammar.\n\n854 – 925\; died at abou t 71.\nAlive at the same time as Alfred the Great\, Farabi\, Rudaki\, Al-K indi\, and Charles the Bald.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al- Razi SUMMARY:Abu Bakr al-Razi · 854–925 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-evangelista-torricelli-q102490 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16081015 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16471026 DESCRIPTION:Evangelista Torricelli was an Italian physicist and mathematici an\, and a student of Benedetto Castelli. He is best known for his inventi on of the barometer\, but is also known for his advances in optics and wor k on the method of indivisibles. The torr is named after him.\n\nOctober 1 5\, 1608 – October 25\, 1647\; died at 39.\nAlive at the same time as Re né Descartes\, Molière\, Rembrandt\, Osman II\, and John Locke.\n\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli SUMMARY:Evangelista Torricelli · 1608–1647 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-emmanuel-swedenborg-q185832 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16880129 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17720330 DESCRIPTION:Emanuel Swedenborg was a Swedish polymath\; a scientist\, engin eer\, astronomer\, anatomist\, Christian theologian\, philosopher\, and my stic. He became best known for his book on the afterlife\, Heaven and Hell (1758).\n\nJanuary 29\, 1688 – March 29\, 1772\; died at 84.\nAlive at the same time as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\, George Washington\, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\, Immanuel Kant\, and Isaac Newton.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg SUMMARY:Emmanuel Swedenborg · 1688–1772 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-john-napier-q159592 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15500211 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16170405 DESCRIPTION:John Napier of Merchiston\, nicknamed Marvellous Merchiston\, w as a Scottish landowner known as a mathematician\, physicist and astronome r. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. Napier is best known as the discove rer of logarithms. He also invented the Napier's bones calculating device and popularised the use of the decimal point in arithmetic.\n\nFebruary 11 \, 1550 – April 4\, 1617\; died at 67.\nAlive at the same time as Willia m Shakespeare\, Michelangelo\, René Descartes\, Elizabeth I of England\, and John Calvin.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Napier SUMMARY:John Napier · 1550–1617 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-hipparchus-q159905 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01890101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01180101 DESCRIPTION:Hipparchus was a Greek astronomer\, geographer\, and mathematic ian. He is considered the founder of trigonometry\, but is most famous for his incidental discovery of the precession of the equinoxes. Hipparchus w as born in Nicaea\, Bithynia\, and probably died on the island of Rhodes\, Greece. He is known to have been a working astronomer between 162 and 127  BC.\n\n190 BC – 120 BC\; died at about 70.\nAlive at the same time as Cato the Elder\, Terence\, Posidonius\, Apollonius of Perga\, and Sulla.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparchus SUMMARY:Hipparchus · 190–120 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-diophantus-of-alexandria-q178217 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02850101 DESCRIPTION:Diophantus of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician who was the author of the Arithmetica in thirteen books\, ten of which are still extan t\, made up of arithmetical problems that are solved through algebraic equ ations.\n\n200 – 284\; died at about 84.\nAlive at the same time as Cons tantine the Great\, Nagarjuna\, Tertullian\, Cyprian\, and Plotinus.\n\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantus SUMMARY:Diophantus of Alexandria · 200–284 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-gerolamo-cardano-q184530 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15011004 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15761001 DESCRIPTION:Gerolamo Cardano was an Italian polymath whose interests and pr oficiencies ranged through those of mathematician\, physician\, biologist\ , physicist\, chemist\, astrologer\, astronomer\, philosopher\, music theo rist\, writer\, and gambler. He became one of the most influential mathema ticians of the Renaissance and one of the key figures in the foundation of probability\; he introduced the binomial coefficients and the binomial th eorem in the Western world. He wrote more than 200 works on science.\n\nOc tober 4\, 1501 – September 30\, 1576\; died at 74.\nAlive at the same ti me as William Shakespeare\, Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Niccolò Machia velli\, and Ferdinand Magellan.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerolamo_ Cardano SUMMARY:Gerolamo Cardano · 1501–1576 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-apollonius-of-perga-q180109 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02610101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-01680101 DESCRIPTION:Apollonius of Perga was an ancient Greek geometer and astronome r known for his work on conic sections. Beginning from the earlier contrib utions of Euclid and Archimedes on the topic\, he brought them to the stat e prior to the invention of analytic geometry. His definitions of the term s ellipse\, parabola\, and hyperbola are the ones in use today. With his p redecessors Euclid and Archimedes\, Apollonius is generally considered amo ng the greatest mathematicians of antiquity.\n\n262 BC – 170 BC\; died a t about 92.\nAlive at the same time as Qin Shi Huang\, Plautus\, Xunzi\, A rchimedes\, and Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollonius_of_Per ga SUMMARY:Apollonius of Perga · 262–170 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-hero-of-alexandria-q161853 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00100101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00760101 DESCRIPTION:Hero of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician and engineer who w as active in Alexandria during the Roman era. He has been described as the greatest experimentalist of antiquity and a representative of the Helleni stic scientific tradition.\n\n10 – 75\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Jesus Christ\, Plutarch\, Nero\, Pliny the Elder\, and Paul t he Apostle.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria SUMMARY:Hero of Alexandria · 10–75 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-jacob-bernoulli-q122392 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16541227 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17050817 DESCRIPTION:Jacob Bernoulli was a Swiss mathematician. He sided with Gottfr ied Wilhelm Leibniz during the Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy and w as an early proponent of Leibnizian calculus\, to which he made numerous c ontributions. A member of the Bernoulli family\, he\, along with his broth er Johann\, was one of the founders of the calculus of variations. He also discovered the fundamental mathematical constant e. However\, his most im portant contribution was in the field of probability\, where he derived th e first version of the law of large numbers in his work Ars Conjectandi.\n \nDecember 27\, 1654 – August 16\, 1705\; died at 50.\nAlive at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach\, Voltaire\, John Locke\, Rembrandt\, and L ouis XIV of France.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bernoulli SUMMARY:Jacob Bernoulli · 1654–1705 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-aristarchus-of-samos-q140188 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-03090101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02280101 DESCRIPTION:Aristarchus of Samos was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathem atician who presented the first known heliocentric model that placed the S un at the center of the universe\, with the Earth revolving around the Sun once a year and rotating about its axis once a day. He also supported the theory of Anaxagoras that the Sun was just another star.\n\n310 BC – 23 0 BC\; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same time as Qin Shi Huang\, Epicur us\, Chanakya\, Archimedes\, and Euclid.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Aristarchus_of_Samos SUMMARY:Aristarchus of Samos · 310–230 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-imhotep-q131171 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-27511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-26500101 DESCRIPTION:Imhotep was an Egyptian chancellor to the King Djoser\, possibl e architect of Djoser's step pyramid\, and high priest of the sun god Ra a t Heliopolis. Very little is known of Imhotep as a historical figure\, but in the 3\,000 years following his death\, he was gradually glorified and deified.\n\nc. 2800 BC – c. 2700 BC\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Djoser and Khasekhemwy.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imho tep SUMMARY:Imhotep · c. 2800–c. 2700 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-nasir-al-din-al-tusi-q302835 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12010224 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12740703 DESCRIPTION:Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī\, commonly known as Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī or simply (al-)Tusi\, was a Persian polymath\, architect\, philosopher\, physician\, scientist\, and theologi an\, as well as a prominent Shiʿite scholar. He wrote extensively on math ematics\, engineering\, prose\, mysticism\, philosophy\, theology\, and th e sciences\, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of m edieval Islam.\n\nFebruary 24\, 1201 – July 2\, 1274\; died at 73.\nAliv e at the same time as Marco Polo\, Genghis Khan\, Thomas Aquinas\, Rumi\, and Francis of Assisi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tu si SUMMARY:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi · 1201–1274 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-william-gilbert-q192706 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15440603 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16031201 DESCRIPTION:William Gilbert\, also known as Gilberd\, was an English physic ian\, physicist and natural philosopher. He passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of universit y teaching. He is remembered today largely for his book De Magnete (1600). \n\nJune 3\, 1544 – November 30\, 1603\; died at 59.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, Michelangelo\, Francis Bacon\, Elizabeth I o f England\, and Jacques Cartier.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_ Gilbert_(physicist) SUMMARY:William Gilbert · 1544–1603 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-eudoxus-of-cnidus-q185150 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04070101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-03530101 DESCRIPTION:Eudoxus of Cnidus was an ancient Greek astronomer\, mathematici an\, doctor\, and lawmaker. He was a student of Archytas and Plato. All of his original works are lost\, though some fragments are preserved in Hipp archus's Commentaries on the Phenomena of Aratus and Eudoxus. Spherics by Theodosius of Bithynia may be based on a work by Eudoxus.\n\n408 BC – 35 5 BC\; died at about 52.\nAlive at the same time as Aristotle\, Aristophan es\, Thucydides\, Apelles\, and Plato.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eu doxus_of_Cnidus SUMMARY:Eudoxus of Cnidus · 408–355 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-michael-servetus-q185914 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15110929 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15531107 DESCRIPTION:Michael Servetus was a Spanish theologian\, physician\, cartogr apher\, and Renaissance humanist. He was the first European to correctly d escribe the function of pulmonary circulation\, as discussed in Christiani smi Restitutio (1553). He was a polymath versed in many sciences: mathemat ics\, astronomy and meteorology\, geography\, human anatomy\, medicine and pharmacology\, as well as jurisprudence\, translation\, poetry\, and the scholarly study of the Bible in its original languages.\n\nSeptember 29\, 1511 – November 6\, 1553\; died at 42.\nAlive at the same time as Michel angelo\, Martin Luther\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, Vasco da Gama\, and Michel de Montaigne.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Servetus SUMMARY:Michael Servetus · 1511–1553 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-francois-viete-q188623 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15400101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16030224 DESCRIPTION:François Viète\, known in Latin as Franciscus Vieta\, was a F rench mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step toward s modern algebra\, due to his innovative use of letters as parameters in e quations. Because of this\, Viète is sometimes called "the father of mode rn algebraic notation". He was a lawyer by trade\, and served as a privy c ouncillor to both Henry III and Henry IV of France.\n\n1540 – February 2 3\, 1603\; died at about 63.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespear e\, Michelangelo\, Francis Bacon\, Elizabeth I of England\, and Jacques Ca rtier.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vi%C3%A8te SUMMARY:François Viète · 1540–1603 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-zhang-heng-q197206 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00780101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01400101 DESCRIPTION:Zhang Heng\, courtesy name Pingzi\, formerly romanized Chang He ng\, was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. Educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang' an\, he achieved success as an astronomer\, mathematician\, seismologist\, hydraulic engineer\, inventor\, geographer\, cartographer\, ethnographer\ , artist\, poet\, philosopher\, politician\, and literary scholar.\n\n78 – 139\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Marcus Aurelius\, P lutarch\, John the Apostle\, Apuleius\, and Ptolemy.\n\nhttps://en.wikiped ia.org/wiki/Zhang_Heng SUMMARY:Zhang Heng · 78–139 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-bhaskara-ii-q213385 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11140101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11860101 DESCRIPTION:Bhāskara II\, commonly known as Bhāskarāchārya\, was an Ind ian polymath\, mathematician\, and astronomer whose works represent the ze nith of the classical Siddhānta school of Jyotiṣa. From verses in his m ain work\, Siddhānta Śiromaṇi\, it can be inferred that he was born in 1114 in Vijjadavida (Vijjalavida) and living in the Satamala mountain ran ges of Western Ghats\, believed to be the town of Patana in Chalisgaon\, l ocated in present-day Khandesh region of Maharashtra by scholars. In a tem ple in Maharashtra\, an inscription\, supposedly created by his grandson C hangadeva\, lists Bhaskaracharya's ancestral lineage for several generatio ns before him as well as two generations after him.Henry Colebrooke who wa s the first European to translate (1817) Bhaskaracharya's mathematical cla ssics refers to the family as Maharashtrian Brahmins residing on the banks of the Godavari.\n\n1114 – 1185\; died at about 71.\nAlive at the same time as Genghis Khan\, Averroes\, Zhu Xi\, Bernard of Clairvaux\, and Omar Khayyám.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C4%81skara_II SUMMARY:Bhaskara II · 1114–1185 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-georgius-agricola-q76579 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14940402 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15551202 DESCRIPTION:Georgius Agricola was a German Renaissance humanist scholar\, m ineralogist and metallurgist. Born in the small town of Glauchau\, in the Electorate of Saxony of the Holy Roman Empire\, he was broadly educated\, but took a particular interest in the mining and refining of metals. He wa s the first to drop the Arabic definite article al-\, exclusively writing chymia and chymista in describing activity that we today would characteriz e as chemical or alchemical\, giving chemistry its modern name. For his gr oundbreaking work De Natura Fossilium published in 1546\, he is generally referred to as the father of mineralogy and the founder of geology as a sc ientific discipline.\n\nApril 2\, 1494 – December 1\, 1555\; died at 61. \nAlive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\, Christopher Col umbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Michel de Montaigne.\n\nhttps://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Agricola SUMMARY:Georgius Agricola · 1494–1555 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-shen-kuo-q270085 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10310101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10960101 DESCRIPTION:Shen Kuo or Shen Gua\, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseu donym Mengqi Weng (夢溪翁)\, was a Chinese polymath\, scientist\, and s tatesman of the Northern Song dynasty. Shen was a master in many fields of study including mathematics\, optics\, and horology. In his career as a c ivil servant\, he became a finance minister\, governmental state inspector \, head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court\, Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality\, and also served as an academic chancel lor. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group\, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (1021–1085). \n\n1031 – 1095\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as William t he Conqueror\, Peter Abelard\, Anselm of Canterbury\, Solomon ibn Gabirol\ , and Omar Khayyám.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo SUMMARY:Shen Kuo · 1031–1095 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-heinrich-cornelius-agrippa-q76568 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14860923 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:15350301 DESCRIPTION:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim was a German Renaissa nce polymath\, physician\, legal scholar\, alchemist\, soldier\, knight\, theologian\, and occult writer.\n\nSeptember 23\, 1486 – February 28\, 1 535\; died at 48.\nAlive at the same time as Michelangelo\, Martin Luther\ , Christopher Columbus\, Niccolò Machiavelli\, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Cornelius_Agrippa SUMMARY:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa · 1486–1535 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-rashid-al-din-hamadani-q328782 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12470101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13180727 DESCRIPTION:Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb was a statesman\, historian\, and phys ician in Ilkhanate Iran.\n\n1247 – July 26\, 1318\; died at about 71.\nA live at the same time as Dante Alighieri\, Marco Polo\, Thomas Aquinas\, K ublai Khan\, and William of Ockham.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashi d_al-Din_Hamadani SUMMARY:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani · 1247–1318 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-john-dee-q201484 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15270723 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16090101 DESCRIPTION:John Dee was an English mathematician\, astronomer\, teacher\, astrologer\, occultist\, and alchemist. He was the court astronomer for\, and advisor to\, Elizabeth I\, and spent much of his time on alchemy\, div ination\, and Hermetic philosophy. As an antiquarian\, he had one of the l argest libraries in England at the time. As a political advisor\, he advoc ated the foundation of English colonies in the New World to form a "Britis h Empire"\, a term he is credited with coining.\n\nJuly 23\, 1527 – 1608 \; died at about 81.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, Mich elangelo\, Martin Luther\, René Descartes\, and Elizabeth I of England.\n \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dee SUMMARY:John Dee · 1527–1608 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-al-battani-q11079 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09310101 DESCRIPTION:Al-Battani\, archaically Latinized as Albategnius\, was an Arab Muslim astronomer\, astrologer\, geographer and mathematician\, who lived and worked for most of his life at Raqqa\, now in Syria. He is considered to be one of the greatest and most famous of the astronomers of the medie val Islamic world.\n\n850 – 930\; died at about 80.\nAlive at the same t ime as Alfred the Great\, Farabi\, Rudaki\, Abu Bakr al-Razi\, and Al-Kind i.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Battani SUMMARY:Al-Battani · 850–930 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-abbas-ibn-firnas-q305975 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08100101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08880101 DESCRIPTION:Abū al-Qāsim ʿAbbās ibn Firnās ibn Wardās al-Tākurunnī\ , known as ʿAbbās ibn Firnās was an Andalusi polymath: an inventor\, as tronomer\, physician\, chemist\, engineer\, musician\, and poet. He was re ported to have experimented with unpowered flight.\n\n810 – 887\; died a t about 76.\nAlive at the same time as Alfred the Great\, Ādi Shankara\, Al-Shafi'i\, Rudaki\, and Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Firnas SUMMARY:Abbas Ibn Firnas · 810–887 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-abd-al-rahman-al-sufi-q11075 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09031212 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09860531 DESCRIPTION:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī was a Persian astronomer.\n\nDec ember 12\, 903 – May 30\, 986\; died at 82.\nAlive at the same time as M urasaki Shikibu\, Leif Erikson\, Farabi\, Sylvester II\, and Vladimir the Great.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Sufi SUMMARY:Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi · 903–986 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-bonaventura-cavalieri-q214544 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:15980101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16471201 DESCRIPTION:Bonaventura Francesco Cavalieri was an Italian mathematician an d a Jesuate. He is known for his work on the problems of optics and motion \, work on indivisibles\, the precursors of infinitesimal calculus\, and t he introduction of logarithms to Italy. Cavalieri's principle in geometry partially anticipated integral calculus.\n\n1598 – November 30\, 1647\; died at about 49.\nAlive at the same time as William Shakespeare\, René D escartes\, Rembrandt\, Osman II\, and Miguel de Cervantes.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaventura_Cavalieri SUMMARY:Bonaventura Cavalieri · 1598–1647 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-al-jazari-q81627 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11640101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12070101 DESCRIPTION:Badīʿ az-Zaman Abu l-ʿIzz ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ar-Razāz al-Ja zarī was a polymath\, scholar\, inventor\, mechanical engineer\, artisan and artist from the Jazira in Mesopotamia of the Artuqid period. He is bes t known for writing The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices in 1206\, where he described 50 mechanical devices\, along with instructio ns on how to construct them. One of his more famous inventions is the elep hant clock. He has been described as the "father of robotics" and modern d ay engineering.\n\n1164 – 1206\; died at about 42.\nAlive at the same ti me as Genghis Khan\, Francis of Assisi\, Averroes\, Zhu Xi\, and Saladin.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_al-Jazari SUMMARY:al-Jazari · 1164–1206 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-abu-al-wafa-buzjani-q298439 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09400615 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09980721 DESCRIPTION:Abū al-Wafāʾ Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Ism āʿīl ibn al-ʿAbbās al-Būzjānī was a Persian mathematician and astr onomer who worked in Baghdad. He made important innovations in spherical t rigonometry\, and his work on arithmetic for businessmen contains the firs t instance of using negative numbers in a medieval Islamic text.\n\nJune 1 5\, 940 – July 20\, 998\; died at 58.\nAlive at the same time as Murasak i Shikibu\, Leif Erikson\, Farabi\, Sylvester II\, and Vladimir the Great. \n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Wafa%27_al-Buzjani SUMMARY:Abu al-Wafa Buzjani · 940–998 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-pappus-of-alexandria-q211783 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02900101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:03510101 DESCRIPTION:Pappus of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician of late antiquit y known for his Synagoge (Συναγωγή) or Collection\, and for Pappus 's hexagon theorem in projective geometry. Almost nothing is known about h is life except for what can be found in his own writings\, many of which a re lost. Pappus apparently lived in Alexandria\, where he worked as a math ematics teacher to higher level students\, one of whom was named Hermodoru s.\n\n290 – 350\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Constanti ne the Great\, Ambrose\, Porphyry\, Ausonius\, and Julian.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Pappus_of_Alexandria SUMMARY:Pappus of Alexandria · 290–350 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-abu-al-qasim-al-zahrawi-q311495 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09350101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10370101 DESCRIPTION:Abū al-Qāsim Khalaf ibn al-'Abbās al-Zahrāwī al-Ansari\, p opularly known as al-Zahrawi\, Latinised as Albucasis or Abulcasis\, was a n Arab physician\, surgeon and chemist from al-Andalus. He is considered o ne of the greatest surgeons of the Middle Ages.\n\n935 – 1036\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Murasaki Shikibu\, Leif Erikson\, Fa rabi\, Sylvester II\, and Vladimir the Great.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Al-Zahrawi SUMMARY:Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi · 935–1036 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-regiomontanus-q76365 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14360615 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14760716 DESCRIPTION:Johannes Müller von Königsberg\, better known as Regiomontanu s\, was a mathematician\, astrologer and astronomer of the German Renaissa nce\, active in Vienna\, Buda and Nuremberg. His contributions were instru mental in the development of Copernican heliocentrism in the decades follo wing his death.\n\nJune 15\, 1436 – July 15\, 1476\; died at 40.\nAlive at the same time as Christopher Columbus\, Mehmed II\, François Villon\, Pius II\, and Nicholas of Cusa.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiomont anus SUMMARY:Regiomontanus · 1436–1476 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-pedanius-dioscorides-q297776 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00400101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00910101 DESCRIPTION:Pedanius Dioscorides\, "the father of pharmacognosy"\, was a Gr eek pharmacologist\, physician\, botanist\, and author of De materia medic a\, a 5-volume Greek encyclopedic pharmacopeia on herbal medicine and rela ted medicinal substances\, that was widely read for more than 1\,500 years . For almost two millennia Dioscorides was regarded as the most prominent writer on plants and plant drugs.\n\n40 – 90\; died at about 50.\nAlive at the same time as Paul the Apostle\, Plutarch\, Nero\, Pliny the Elder\, and Seneca.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorides SUMMARY:Pedanius Dioscorides · 40–90 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-thabit-ibn-qurra-q250568 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08360101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09020101 DESCRIPTION:Thābit ibn Qurra\, was a pagan Sabian scholar known for his wo rk in mathematics\, medicine\, astronomy\, and translation. He lived in Ba ghdad in the second half of the ninth century during the time of the Abbas id Caliphate.\n\n836 – 901\; died at about 65.\nAlive at the same time a s Alfred the Great\, Farabi\, Ahmad ibn Hanbal\, Rudaki\, and Muḥammad i bn Musa al-Khwarizmi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C4%81bit_ibn_Qur ra SUMMARY:Thābit ibn Qurra · 836–901 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-hippocrates-of-chios-q312629 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-04690101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-04080101 DESCRIPTION:Hippocrates of Chios was an ancient Greek mathematician\, geome ter\, and astronomer.\n\n470 BC – 410 BC\; died at about 60.\nAlive at t he same time as Plato\, The Buddha\, Sophocles\, Thucydides\, and Socrates .\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocrates_of_Chios SUMMARY:Hippocrates of Chios · 470–410 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-varahamihira-q858348 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:05491231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05500101 DESCRIPTION:Varāhamihira\, also called Varāha or Mihira\, was an ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived in Ujjain (ancient Avanti re gion in present-day Madhya Pradesh\, India. He is considered one of the fo remost scholars of classical Indian astronomy. He mastered the three divis ions of Jyotiṣa: mathematical astronomy\, natural sciences\, and horosco py. His masterwork\, the Pañcasiddhāntikā\, is the primary surviving hi storical record of ancient Indian astronomical systems. His mathematical c ontributions include methods for computing sine tables and early trigonome tric techniques and works on combinators.\n\nc. 500 – c. 500\; died at a bout 0.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Var%C4%81hamihira SUMMARY:Varāhamihira · c. 500–c. 500 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-anthemius-of-tralles-q298226 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04740101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05350101 DESCRIPTION:Anthemius of Tralles was a Byzantine Greek from Tralles who wor ked as a geometer and architect in Constantinople\, the capital of the Byz antine Empire. With Isidore of Miletus\, he designed the Hagia Sophia for Justinian I.\n\n\n474 – 534\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Justinian I\, Boethius\, Brendan the Navigator\, Aryabhata\, and Bened ict of Nursia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthemius_of_Tralles SUMMARY:Anthemius of Tralles · 474–534 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-wang-chong-q319329 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00270101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:00980101 DESCRIPTION:Wang Chong\, courtesy name Zhongren (仲任)\, was a Chinese as tronomer\, meteorologist\, naturalist\, philosopher\, and writer active du ring the Eastern Han dynasty. He developed a rational\, secular\, naturali stic and mechanistic account of the world and of human beings and gave a m aterialistic explanation of the origin of the universe. His main work was the Lunheng. This book contained many theories involving early sciences of astronomy and meteorology\, and Wang Chong was even the first in Chinese history to mention the use of the square-pallet chain pump\, which became common in irrigation and public works in China thereafter. Wang also accur ately described the process of the water cycle.\n\n27 – 97\; died at abo ut 70.\nAlive at the same time as Paul the Apostle\, Plutarch\, Nero\, Pli ny the Elder\, and Seneca.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Chong SUMMARY:Wang Chong · 27–97 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-jeremiah-horrocks-q354631 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:16170101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:16410104 DESCRIPTION:Jeremiah Horrocks\, sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox\, was an English astronomer. He was the first person to demonstrate that the Moon moved around the Earth in an elliptical orbit\; and he was the only person to predict the transit of Venus of 1639\, an event which he and his frien d William Crabtree were the only two people to observe and record. Most re markably\, Horrocks correctly asserted that Jupiter was accelerating in it s orbit while Saturn was slowing and interpreted this as due to mutual gra vitational interaction\, thereby demonstrating that gravity's actions were not limited to the Earth\, Sun\, and Moon.\n\n1617 – January 3\, 1641\; died at about 24.\nAlive at the same time as René Descartes\, Molière\, Rembrandt\, Murad IV\, and Blaise Pascal.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Jeremiah_Horrocks SUMMARY:Jeremiah Horrocks · 1617–1641 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-ibn-al-baitar-q335145 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:11970101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:12490101 DESCRIPTION:Diyāʾ al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Mā laqī\, commonly known as Ibn al-Bayṭār was an Andalusian Arab physicia n\, botanist\, pharmacist and scientist. His main contribution was to syst ematically record the additions made by Islamic physicians in the Middle A ges\, which added between 300 and 400 types of medicine to the one thousan d previously known since antiquity. He was a student of Abu al-Abbas al-Na bati.\n\n1197 – 1248\; died at about 50.\nAlive at the same time as Geng his Khan\, Thomas Aquinas\, Rumi\, Francis of Assisi\, and Fibonacci.\n\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Baytar SUMMARY:Ibn al-Baitar · 1197–1248 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-sosigenes-of-alexandria-q316867 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-00511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00500101 DESCRIPTION:Sosigenes was an Ancient Greek astronomer. According to Pliny t he Elder's Natural History 18.210–212\, Julius Caesar consulted him whil e he was designing the Julian calendar.\n\nc. 100 BC – c. 100 BC\; died at about 0.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosigenes_(astronomer) SUMMARY:Sosigenes of Alexandria · c. 100–c. 100 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-nicomachus-q360366 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:00600101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:01210101 DESCRIPTION:Nicomachus of Gerasa was a Greek Neopythagorean philosopher fro m Gerasa.\n\n60 – 120\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Plu tarch\, Pliny the Elder\, Trajan\, John the Apostle\, and Ptolemy.\n\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicomachus SUMMARY:Nicomachus · 60–120 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-liu-hui-q316304 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:02250101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:02960101 DESCRIPTION:Liu Hui was a Chinese mathematician who published a commentary in 263 CE on Jiu Zhang Suan Shu. He was a descendant of the Marquis of Zix iang of the Eastern Han dynasty and lived in the state of Cao Wei during t he Three Kingdoms period of China.\n\n225 – 295\; died at about 69.\nAli ve at the same time as Constantine the Great\, Nagarjuna\, Origen\, Cypria n\, and Plotinus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Hui SUMMARY:Liu Hui · 225–295 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-zu-chongzhi-q227444 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:04290101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:05010101 DESCRIPTION:Zu Chongzhi\, courtesy name Wenyuan\, was a Chinese astronomer\ , inventor\, mathematician\, politician\, and writer during the Liu Song a nd Southern Qi dynasties. He was most notable for calculating pi as betwee n 3.1415926 and 3.1415927\, a record in precision which would not be surpa ssed for nearly 900 years.\n\n429 – 500\; died at about 70.\nAlive at th e same time as Justinian I\, Boethius\, Brendan the Navigator\, Aryabhata\ , and Benedict of Nursia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zu_Chongzhi SUMMARY:Zu Chongzhi · 429–500 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-abu-ishaq-ibrahim-al-zarqali-q11133 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10270101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:10880101 DESCRIPTION:Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Yaḥyā al-Naqqāsh al-Zarqālī a l-Tujibi \; also known as Al-Zarkali or Ibn Zarqala (1029–1100)\, was an Arab maker of astronomical instruments and an astrologer from the western part of the Islamic world.\n\n1027 – 1087\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as William the Conqueror\, Anselm of Canterbury\, Solomon i bn Gabirol\, Judah Halevi\, and Avicenna.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Al-Zarqali SUMMARY:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī · 1027–1087 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-aglaonike-q237867 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-01511231 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-00500101 DESCRIPTION:Aglaonice was an ancient Thessalian witch\, known from a scholi on on the Argonautica and two references in Plutarch's Moralia. She was th e daughter of Hegetor or Hegemon. Her date is uncertain\, but she may have been active some time between the mid-third century BC and the late-first century AD. However\, Richard Stothers suggests that Aglaonice might have been mythical\, or a pre-fifth century figure about whom legends had deve loped by the time of Plutarch.\n\nc. 200 BC – c. 100 BC\; died at about 100.\nAlive at the same time as Julius Caesar\, Virgil\, Strabo\, Augustus \, and Cicero.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglaonice SUMMARY:Aglaonike · c. 200–c. 100 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-jamshid-al-kashi-q115466 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:13800101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14290702 DESCRIPTION:Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd Masʿūd al-Kāshī was a Persian ast ronomer and mathematician during the reign of Tamerlane.\n\n1380 – July 1\, 1429\; died at about 49.\nAlive at the same time as Joan of Arc\, Geof frey Chaucer\, Zheng He\, Jan Hus\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Jamshid_al-Kashi SUMMARY:Jamshīd al-Kāshī · 1380–1429 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-georg-von-peuerbach-q84289 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:14230608 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:14610418 DESCRIPTION:Georg von Peuerbach was an Austrian astronomer\, poet\, mathema tician and instrument maker\, best known for his streamlined presentation of Ptolemaic astronomy in the Theoricae Novae Planetarum. Peuerbach was in strumental in making astronomy\, mathematics and literature simple and acc essible for Europeans during the Renaissance and beyond.\n\nJune 8\, 1423 – April 17\, 1461\; died at 37.\nAlive at the same time as Zheng He\, Me hmed II\, François Villon\, Pius II\, and Jan van Eyck.\n\nhttps://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Georg_von_Peuerbach SUMMARY:Georg von Peuerbach · 1423–1461 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-su-song-q1265657 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:10200101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:11020101 DESCRIPTION:Su Song\, courtesy name Zirong\, was a Chinese polymathic scien tist and statesman who lived during the Song dynasty (960–1279). He exce lled in numerous fields including but not limited to mathematics\, astrono my\, cartography\, geography\, metallurgy\, mechanical engineering\, hydra ulic engineering\, poetry\, and statesmanship.\n\n1020 – 1101\; died at about 81.\nAlive at the same time as Murasaki Shikibu\, William the Conque ror\, Peter Abelard\, Anselm of Canterbury\, and Avicenna.\n\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Song SUMMARY:Su Song · 1020–1101 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-philo-of-byzantium-q334570 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02790101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02180101 DESCRIPTION:Philo of Byzantium\, also known as Philo Mechanicus\, 'Philo th e Engineer' in Latin\, was a Greek engineer\, physicist and writer on mech anics\, who lived during the latter half of the 3rd century BC. Although h e was from Byzantium he lived most of his life in Alexandria\, Egypt. He w as probably younger than Ctesibius\, though some place him a century earli er.\n\n280 BC – 220 BC\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Qi n Shi Huang\, Epicurus\, Plautus\, Archimedes\, and Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_of_Byzantium SUMMARY:Philo of Byzantium · 280–220 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-nicephorus-gregoras-q372109 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12950101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13610101 DESCRIPTION:Nicephorus Gregoras was a Byzantine astronomer\, historian\, an d theologian. His 37-volume Roman History\, a work of erudition\, constitu tes a primary documentary source for the 14th century.\n\n1295 – 1360\; died at about 64.\nAlive at the same time as Dante Alighieri\, Marco Polo\ , William of Ockham\, Giotto\, and Edward I of England.\n\nhttps://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Nicephorus_Gregoras SUMMARY:Nicephorus Gregoras · 1295–1360 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-hunayn-ibn-ishaq-q503130 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08080101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08740101 DESCRIPTION:Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi was an influential Iraqi Arab Nestori an Christian translator\, scholar\, physician\, and scientist. During the apex of the Islamic Abbasid era\, he worked with a group of translators\, among whom were Abū 'Uthmān al-Dimashqi\, Ibn Mūsā al-Nawbakhti\, and Thābit ibn Qurra\, to translate books of philosophy and classical Greek a nd Persian texts into Arabic and Syriac.\n\n808 – 873\; died at about 65 .\nAlive at the same time as Alfred the Great\, Ādi Shankara\, Al-Shafi'i \, Rudaki\, and Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Hunayn_ibn_Ishaq SUMMARY:Hunayn ibn Ishaq · 808–873 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-banu-musa-q423210 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08000101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08610101 DESCRIPTION:The Banū Mūsā\, literally the Sons of Musa\, refers to a Per sian family of polymaths\, astronomers\, mathematicians\, and engineers ac tive in 9th century Baghdad. Both their own contributions and their direct connections to other prominent scholars of the House of Wisdom mark them as one of the most preeminent figures of the Islamic Golden Age.\n\n800 – 860\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Charlemagne\, Abu N uwas\, Ādi Shankara\, Al-Shafi'i\, and Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.\ n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%C5%AB_M%C5%ABs%C4%81_brothers SUMMARY:Banū Mūsā · 800–860 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-ibn-yunus-q459921 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:09500101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:09590101 DESCRIPTION:Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Abi al-Said 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus ibn Abd al-'Ala al-Sadafi al-Misri was an Arab and Egyptian astronom er and mathematician\,. The Fatimids gave him gifts and established an obs ervatory for him on Mount Mokattam near Fustat. Al-Aziz Billah ordered him to make astronomical tables\, which he completed during the reign of Al-H akim bi-Amr Allah\, son of Al-Aziz\, and called it al-Zij al-Kabir al-Haki mi.\nThe crater Ibn Yunus on the Moon is named after him.\n\n950 – 958\; died at about 8.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Yunus SUMMARY:Ibn Yunus · 950–958 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-abu-anifa-dinawari-q293520 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:08280101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:08960101 DESCRIPTION:Abū Ḥanīfa Aḥmad ibn Dāwūd Dīnawarī was an Islamic Go lden Age polymath: astronomer\, agriculturist\, botanist\, metallurgist\, geographer\, mathematician\, and historian.\n\n828 – 895\; died at about 67.\nAlive at the same time as Alfred the Great\, Farabi\, Ahmad ibn Hanb al\, Rudaki\, and Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Abu_Hanifa_Dinawari SUMMARY:Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī · 828–895 END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-conon-of-samos-q354377 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:-02790101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:-02180101 DESCRIPTION:Conon of Samos was a Greek astronomer and mathematician. He is primarily remembered for naming the constellation Coma Berenices.\n\n280 B C – 220 BC\; died at about 60.\nAlive at the same time as Qin Shi Huang\ , Epicurus\, Plautus\, Archimedes\, and Ashoka.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.or g/wiki/Conon_of_Samos SUMMARY:Conon of Samos · 280–220 BC END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T013435Z UID:scientists-arnaldus-de-villa-nova-q356568 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:12400101 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:13140101 DESCRIPTION:Arnaldus de Villa Nova was a physician and a religious reformer .\n\n1240 – 1313\; died at about 73.\nAlive at the same time as Dante Al ighieri\, Marco Polo\, Thomas Aquinas\, Kublai Khan\, and William of Ockha m.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnaldus_de_Villa_Nova SUMMARY:Arnaldus de Villa Nova · 1240–1313 END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR