BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:icalendar-ruby CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:daniel-webster DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18410306 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18430509 DESCRIPTION:Daniel Webster was an American lawyer\, statesman\, and diploma t who represented New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the U.S. Congress and served as the 14th and 19th U.S. secretary of state under presidents Will iam Henry Harrison\, John Tyler\, and Millard Fillmore. Webster was one of the most prominent American lawyers of the 19th century\, arguing over 20 0 cases before the United States Supreme Court in his career. During his l ife\, Webster had been a member of the Federalist Party\, the National Rep ublican Party\, and the Whig Party. He was among the three members of the Great Triumvirate along with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.\n\nBorn: Janu ary 18\, 1782\nDied: October 25\, 1852\nIn office: March 6\, 1841 – May 8\, 1843\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster SUMMARY:Daniel Webster END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:daniel-webster-566f69 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18500723 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18521025 DESCRIPTION:Daniel Webster was an American lawyer\, statesman\, and diploma t who represented New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the U.S. Congress and served as the 14th and 19th U.S. secretary of state under presidents Will iam Henry Harrison\, John Tyler\, and Millard Fillmore. Webster was one of the most prominent American lawyers of the 19th century\, arguing over 20 0 cases before the United States Supreme Court in his career. During his l ife\, Webster had been a member of the Federalist Party\, the National Rep ublican Party\, and the Whig Party. He was among the three members of the Great Triumvirate along with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.\n\nBorn: Janu ary 18\, 1782\nDied: October 25\, 1852\nIn office: July 23\, 1850 – Octo ber 24\, 1852\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Webster SUMMARY:Daniel Webster END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:charles-magill-conrad DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18521025 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18521106 DESCRIPTION:Charles Magill Conrad was a Louisiana politician who served in the United States Senate\, United States House of Representatives\, and Co nfederate Congress. He was Secretary of War under President Millard Fillmo re and\, briefly\, Franklin Pierce\, from 1850 until 1853. Conrad also bri efly acted as the United States Secretary of State following the tenure of Daniel Webster.\n\nBorn: December 24\, 1804\nDied: February 11\, 1878\nIn office: October 25\, 1852 – November 5\, 1852\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad SUMMARY:Charles Magill Conrad END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:alexander-haig DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19810122 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19820706 DESCRIPTION:Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. was an American politician\, diplomat\ , and military officer who served as the 59th United States secretary of s tate under President Ronald Reagan and previously as the 5th White House c hief of staff under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford\, as well as United States Deputy National Security Advisor under President Nixon. A me mber of the Republican Party\, he was a general in the U.S. Army prior to and in between these cabinet-level positions\, serving first as the vice c hief of staff of the Army and then as Supreme Allied Commander Europe. In 1973\, Haig became the youngest four-star general in the U.S. Army's histo ry.\n\nBorn: December 2\, 1924\nDied: February 20\, 2010\nIn office: Janua ry 22\, 1981 – July 5\, 1982\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Ha ig SUMMARY:Alexander Haig END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:john-hay DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18980930 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19050702 DESCRIPTION:John Milton Hay was an American statesman and official whose ca reer in government stretched over almost half a century. Beginning as a pr ivate secretary for Abraham Lincoln\, he became a diplomat. He served as U nited States Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theo dore Roosevelt. Hay was also a biographer of Lincoln\, and wrote poetry an d other literature throughout his life.\n\nBorn: October 8\, 1838\nDied: 1 905\nIn office: September 30\, 1898 – July 1\, 1905\nhttps://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/John_Hay SUMMARY:John Hay END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:thomas-jefferson-606381 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17900322 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17940101 DESCRIPTION:Thomas Jefferson was a Founding Father and the third president of the United States\, serving from 1801 to 1809. A prolific writer and ph ilosopher\, Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Indepen dence. His political philosophy formed the basis for Jeffersonian democrac y\, which dominated early American politics alongside federalism. Jefferso n remains celebrated as an icon of American political values\, but is also controversial for being a lifelong slave owner.\n\nBorn: April 13\, 1743\ nDied: July 4\, 1826\nIn office: March 22\, 1790 – December 31\, 1793\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson SUMMARY:Thomas Jefferson END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:james-madison-871008 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18010502 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18090304 DESCRIPTION:James Madison was a Founding Father and the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Before his presidency\, Madison was a statesman and diplomat. Madison was popularly acclaimed as the "Father o f the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Con stitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.\n\nBorn: March 16\, 1751\nDied: June 28\, 1836\nIn office: May 2\, 1801 – March 3\, 1809\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison SUMMARY:James Madison END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:james-monroe-582207 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18110402 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18170304 DESCRIPTION:James Monroe was a Founding Father and the fifth president of t he United States\, serving from 1817 to 1825. He was the last Founding Fat her to serve as president\, as well as the last president of the Virginia dynasty. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party\, Monroe's presidency coincided with the Era of Good Feelings\, in which the First Party System era of American politics concluded. He issued the Monroe Doctrine\, a pol icy aimed at limiting European colonialism in the Americas.\n\nBorn: April 28\, 1758\nDied: July 4\, 1831\nIn office: April 2\, 1811 – March 3\, 1 817\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe SUMMARY:James Monroe END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:john-quincy-adams-266549 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18170922 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18250305 DESCRIPTION:John Quincy Adams was the sixth president of the United States\ , serving from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the eighth United Sta tes secretary of state from 1817 to 1825\; minister to Great Britain\, Pru ssia\, and Russia\; and senator for Massachusetts. After his presidency\, Adams uniquely returned to Congress as a member of the lower house until h is death in 1848. He was the eldest son of John Adams\, the second preside nt\, and First Lady Abigail Adams. Among his children were Charles Francis Adams Sr. Initially a Federalist like his father\, Adams spent his presid ency as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party\, and later\, in the m id-1830s\, became affiliated with the Whig Party.\n\nBorn: July 11\, 1767\ nDied: 1848\nIn office: September 22\, 1817 – March 4\, 1825\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams SUMMARY:John Quincy Adams END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:martin-van-buren-38db6f DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18290328 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18310524 DESCRIPTION:Martin Van Buren was the eighth president of the United States\ , serving from 1837 to 1841. He co-founded the Democratic Party with Andre w Jackson and became Jackson's vice president from 1833 to 1837.\n\nBorn: December 5\, 1782\nDied: July 24\, 1862\nIn office: March 28\, 1829 – Ma y 23\, 1831\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren SUMMARY:Martin Van Buren END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:james-buchanan-f2ff68 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18450310 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18490308 DESCRIPTION:James Buchanan Jr. was the 15th president of the United States\ , serving from 1857 to 1861. A Democrat from Pennsylvania\, he upheld a pr o-slavery interpretation of the U.S. Constitution that did little to rever se the sectional crisis between the North and South. In his final months i n office\, seven Southern states seceded\, forming the Confederacy. On Apr il 12\, 1861\, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter\, starting the Amer ican Civil War.\n\nBorn: April 23\, 1791\nDied: June 1\, 1868\nIn office: March 10\, 1845 – March 7\, 1849\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bu chanan SUMMARY:James Buchanan END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:william-j-burns DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20090120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20090122 DESCRIPTION:William Joseph Burns is an American diplomat who served as the 8th director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the Biden adm inistration from March 19\, 2021 to January 20\, 2025. He previously serve d as U.S. deputy secretary of state from 2011 to 2014\; in 2009 he served as acting secretary of state for a day\, prior to the confirmation of Hill ary Clinton. Burns retired from the U.S. Foreign Service in 2014 after a 3 2-year career. From 2014 to 2021\, he served as president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.\n\nBorn: April 4\, 1956\nIn office: Jan uary 20\, 2009 – January 21\, 2009\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willia m_J._Burns_(diplomat) SUMMARY:William J. Burns END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:hugh-s-legare DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18430509 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18430621 DESCRIPTION:Hugh Swinton Legaré was an American lawyer\, diplomat and poli tician from South Carolina who served as the 16th United States Attorney G eneral under President John Tyler.\n\nBorn: January 2\, 1797\nDied: June 2 0\, 1843\nIn office: May 9\, 1843 – June 20\, 1843\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Hugh_S._Legar%C3%A9 SUMMARY:Hugh S. Legaré END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:colin-powell-6eb07b DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20010120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20050127 DESCRIPTION:Colin Luther Powell was an American U.S. Army general\, diploma t\, and statesman who served as the 65th United States secretary of state from 2001 to 2005\, being the first Black American to hold the office\, an d was the highest-ranking Black American in the federal executive branch i n American history until the election of Barack Obama as president in 2008 . Initially politically independent\, Powell joined the Republican Party i n 1995\, but left it in 2021 following the January 6 United States Capitol attack. He was the 15th national security advisor from 1987 to 1989\, and the 12th chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1989 to 1993.\n\nBorn : April 5\, 1937\nDied: October 18\, 2021\nIn office: January 20\, 2001 – January 26\, 2005\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Powell SUMMARY:Colin Powell END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:george-marshall DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19470121 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19490121 DESCRIPTION:General of the Army George Catlett Marshall Jr. was an American military officer and diplomat. He rose through the United States Army to become Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army under presidents Franklin D. Roosev elt and Harry S. Truman\, then served as Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense under Truman. Winston Churchill lauded Marshall as the "organiz er of victory" for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II. D uring the subsequent year\, he unsuccessfully tried to prevent the continu ation of the Chinese Civil War. As Secretary of State\, Marshall advocated for a U.S. economic and political commitment to post-war European recover y\, including the Marshall Plan that bore his name. In recognition of this work\, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953\, the only Army gener al ever to receive the honor.\n\nBorn: December 31\, 1880\nDied: October 1 6\, 1959\nIn office: January 21\, 1947 – January 20\, 1949\nhttps://en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/George_C._Marshall SUMMARY:George Marshall END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:daniel-brent DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18250304 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18250308 DESCRIPTION:Daniel Carroll Brent was an American politician and diplomat. H e was acting United States Secretary of State for a three-day period from March 4 to March 7\, 1825 due to the transition of John Quincy Adams from Secretary of State to President. He served as Chief Clerk for the United S tates Department of State\, succeeding John Graham on September 22\, 1817\ , and remained in that position until August 22\, 1833\, serving under pre sidents James Monroe\, John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. After leaving the position\, he served as U.S. Consul to Paris until his death in 1841. \n\nBorn: 1774\nDied: January 31\, 1841\nIn office: March 4\, 1825 – Mar ch 7\, 1825\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Brent SUMMARY:Daniel Brent END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:john-nelson DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18440229 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18440401 DESCRIPTION:John Nelson was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the Attorney General of the United States from 1843 to 1845 under Presiden t John Tyler. He served as the first United States Chargé d'Affaires to t he Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from 1831 to 1832 and as the U.S. represent ative for Maryland's 4th district from 1821 to 1823.\n\nBorn: June 1\, 179 1\nDied: January 18\, 1860\nIn office: February 29\, 1844 – March 31\, 1 844\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_(lawyer) SUMMARY:John Nelson END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:madeleine-albright-f872a8 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19970123 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20010121 DESCRIPTION:Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright was an American diplomat and pol itical scientist who served as the 64th United States secretary of state u nder President Bill Clinton from 1997 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party\, she was the first woman to hold the position.\n\nBorn: 1937\nDied: March 23\, 2022\nIn office: January 23\, 1997 – January 20\, 2001\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright SUMMARY:Madeleine Albright END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:john-m-clayton DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18490308 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18500723 DESCRIPTION:John Middleton Clayton was an American lawyer and politician fr om Delaware. He was a member of the Whig Party who served in the Delaware General Assembly\, and as U.S. Senator from Delaware and U.S. Secretary of State.\n\nBorn: July 24\, 1796\nDied: November 9\, 1856\nIn office: March 8\, 1849 – July 22\, 1850\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Clayto n SUMMARY:John M. Clayton END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084733Z UID:frank-polk DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19200214 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19200315 DESCRIPTION:Frank Lyon Polk was an American lawyer and diplomat\, who was a lso a name partner of the law firm today known as Davis Polk & Wardwell.\n \nBorn: September 13\, 1871\nDied: February 7\, 1943\nIn office: February 14\, 1920 – March 14\, 1920\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Polk SUMMARY:Frank Polk END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:livingston-t-merchant DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19610120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19610122 DESCRIPTION:Livingston Tallmadge Merchant was a United States official and diplomat. He twice served as United States ambassador to Canada and was Un der Secretary for Political Affairs from 1959 to 1961.\n\nBorn: November 2 3\, 1903\nDied: May 15\, 1976\nIn office: January 20\, 1961 – January 21 \, 1961\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livingston_T._Merchant SUMMARY:Livingston T. Merchant END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:frank-b-kellogg DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19250305 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19290329 DESCRIPTION:Frank Billings Kellogg was an American lawyer\, politician\, an d statesman who served in the U.S. Senate and as U.S. Secretary of State. He co-authored the Kellogg–Briand Pact\, for which he was awarded the No bel Peace Prize in 1929.\n\nBorn: December 22\, 1856\nDied: December 21\, 1937\nIn office: March 5\, 1925 – March 28\, 1929\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg SUMMARY:Frank B. Kellogg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:cordell-hull DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19330304 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19441201 DESCRIPTION:Cordell Hull was an American politician and diplomat who served as the United States secretary of state for nearly twelve years under Pre sident Franklin D. Roosevelt\, from 1933 to 1944. A member of the Democrat ic Party\, he is the longest-serving secretary of state in United States h istory. Hull previously represented Tennessee in both houses of the United States Congress for 24 years\, first as a member of the U.S. House of Rep resentatives from 1907 to 1921 and again from 1923 to 1931\, and as a U.S. senator from 1931 to 1933. Hull also served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1893 to 1897.\n\nBorn: October 2\, 1871\nDie d: July 23\, 1955\nIn office: March 4\, 1933 – November 30\, 1944\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordell_Hull SUMMARY:Cordell Hull END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-jennings-bryan DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19130305 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19150610 DESCRIPTION:William Jennings Bryan was an American lawyer\, orator\, and po litician. He was a dominant force in the Democratic Party\, running three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States in the 189 6\, 1900\, and 1908 elections. He served in the House of Representatives f rom 1891 to 1895 and as the secretary of state under Woodrow Wilson from 1 913 to 1915. Because of his faith in the wisdom of the common people\, Bry an was often called "the Great Commoner"\, and because of his rhetorical p ower and early fame as the youngest presidential candidate\, "the Boy Orat or".\n\nBorn: March 19\, 1860\nDied: 1925\nIn office: March 5\, 1913 – J une 9\, 1915\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan SUMMARY:William Jennings Bryan END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-c-calhoun-6f1788 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18440401 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18450311 DESCRIPTION:John Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman and political t heorist who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832. Calhoun began his political career as a nationalist\, moder nizer and proponent of a strong federal government and protective tariffs. In the late 1820s\, his views shifted\, and he became a leading proponent of states' rights\, limited government\, nullification\, and opposition t o high tariffs\, and distinguished himself as an outspoken defender of sla very in the United States. Calhoun saw Northern acceptance of those polici es as a condition of the South remaining in the Union. His beliefs heavily influenced the South's secession from the Union in 1860 and 1861. Calhoun was the first of two vice presidents to resign from the position\, the se cond being Spiro Agnew\, who resigned in 1973.\n\nBorn: 1782\nDied: 1850\n In office: April 1\, 1844 – March 10\, 1845\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/John_C._Calhoun SUMMARY:John C. Calhoun END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:lawrence-eagleburger DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19920823 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19930121 DESCRIPTION:Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger was an American statesman and caree r diplomat who served briefly as the secretary of state under President Ge orge H. W. Bush from December 1992 to January 1993\, one of the shortest t erms in modern history. Previously\, he had served in lesser capacities un der Presidents Richard Nixon\, Jimmy Carter\, and Ronald Reagan\, and as d eputy secretary of state to James Baker under George H. W. Bush. Eagleburg er is the only career Foreign Service officer to have served as secretary of state. He was also deputy assistant secretary of defense from January t o May 1973. As a career member of the United States Senior Foreign Service \, he attained the rank of career ambassador on April 12\, 1984.\n\nBorn: August 1\, 1930\nDied: June 4\, 2011\nIn office: August 23\, 1992 – Janu ary 20\, 1993\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Eagleburger SUMMARY:Lawrence Eagleburger END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:dean-acheson DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19490121 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19530121 DESCRIPTION:Dean Gooderham Acheson was an American politician and lawyer. A s the 51st U.S. secretary of state\, he set the foreign policy of the Harr y S. Truman administration from 1949 to 1953. He was also Truman's main fo reign policy advisor from 1945 to 1947 during early years of the Cold War. Acheson helped design the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan\, as well as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. He was in private law practice from July 1947 to December 1948.\n\nBorn: April 11\, 1893\nDied: October 12\, 1971\nIn office: January 21\, 1949 – January 20\, 1953\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Acheson SUMMARY:Dean Acheson END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:elihu-root DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19050719 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19090128 DESCRIPTION:Elihu Root was an American lawyer\, Republican politician\, and statesman who served as the 41st United States Secretary of War under pre sidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt and the 38th United States Secretary of State\, also under Roosevelt. In both positions as well as a long legal career\, he pioneered the American practice of international l aw. Root is sometimes considered the prototype of the 20th-century politic al "wise man"\, advising presidents on a range of foreign and domestic iss ues. He also served as a United States Senator from New York and received the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize.\n\nBorn: February 15\, 1845\nDied: February 7\ , 1937\nIn office: July 19\, 1905 – January 27\, 1909\nhttps://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Elihu_Root SUMMARY:Elihu Root END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:james-baker DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19890125 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19920824 DESCRIPTION:James Addison Baker III is an American statesman\, attorney\, d iplomat\, and former Marine Corps officer. A member of the Republican Part y\, he served as the 10th White House chief of staff and 67th United State s secretary of the treasury under President Ronald Reagan\, and the 61st U .S. secretary of state\, before returning as the 16th White House chief of staff under President George H. W. Bush.\n\nBorn: April 28\, 1930\nIn off ice: January 25\, 1989 – August 23\, 1992\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /James_Baker SUMMARY:James Baker END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-kerry DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20130201 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20170121 DESCRIPTION:John Forbes Kerry is an American attorney\, politician\, diplom at\, and former naval officer who served as the 68th United States secreta ry of state from 2013 to 2017 in the administration of President Barack Ob ama. A member of the Democratic Party\, he previously represented Massachu setts in the United States Senate from 1985 to 2013 and later served as th e first U.S. special presidential envoy for climate from 2021 to 2024. Ker ry was the Democratic presidential nominee in the 2004 presidential electi on.\n\nBorn: December 11\, 1943\nIn office: February 1\, 2013 – January 20\, 2017\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry SUMMARY:John Kerry END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-foster-dulles DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19530121 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19590423 DESCRIPTION:John Foster Dulles was an American politician\, lawyer\, and di plomat who served as United States secretary of state under President Dwig ht D. Eisenhower from 1953 until his resignation in 1959. A member of the Republican Party\, he was briefly a U.S. senator from New York in 1949. Du lles was a significant figure in the early Cold War era who pushed for an aggressive rollback campaign against communist regimes and their allies th roughout the world.\n\nBorn: February 25\, 1888\nDied: May 24\, 1959\nIn o ffice: January 21\, 1953 – April 22\, 1959\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/John_Foster_Dulles SUMMARY:John Foster Dulles END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:christian-herter DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19590422 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19610121 DESCRIPTION:Christian Archibald Herter was an American diplomat and Republi can politician who was the 59th governor of Massachusetts from 1953 to 195 7 and US Secretary of State from 1959 to 1961. He served as president of t he board of trustees at the Dexter School from 1937 to 1939. His moderate tone of negotiations was confronted by the intensity of Soviet leader Niki ta Khrushchev in a series of unpleasant episodes that turned the Cold War even colder in 1960–1961.\n\nBorn: March 28\, 1895\nDied: December 30\, 1966\nIn office: April 22\, 1959 – January 20\, 1961\nhttps://en.wikiped ia.org/wiki/Christian_Herter SUMMARY:Christian Herter END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:warren-christopher DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19800428 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19800503 DESCRIPTION:Warren Minor Christopher was an American statesman\, attorney\, diplomat\, and United States Navy officer who served as the 63rd United S tates secretary of state from 1993 to 1997.\n\nBorn: October 17\, 1925\nDi ed: March 18\, 2011\nIn office: April 28\, 1980 – May 2\, 1980\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Christopher SUMMARY:Warren Christopher END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:warren-christopher-fe899c DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19800504 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19800509 DESCRIPTION:Warren Minor Christopher was an American statesman\, attorney\, diplomat\, and United States Navy officer who served as the 63rd United S tates secretary of state from 1993 to 1997.\n\nBorn: October 17\, 1925\nDi ed: March 18\, 2011\nIn office: May 4\, 1980 – May 8\, 1980\nhttps://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Christopher SUMMARY:Warren Christopher END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:warren-christopher-b0e106 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19930120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19970118 DESCRIPTION:Warren Minor Christopher was an American statesman\, attorney\, diplomat\, and United States Navy officer who served as the 63rd United S tates secretary of state from 1993 to 1997.\n\nBorn: October 17\, 1925\nDi ed: March 18\, 2011\nIn office: January 20\, 1993 – January 17\, 1997\nh ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Christopher SUMMARY:Warren Christopher END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:cyrus-vance DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19770123 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19800429 DESCRIPTION:Cyrus Roberts Vance was an American lawyer and diplomat who ser ved as the 57th United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Car ter from 1977 to 1980. Prior to serving in that position\, he was the Unit ed States Deputy Secretary of Defense in the Johnson administration. Durin g the Kennedy administration he was Secretary of the Army and General Coun sel of the Department of Defense.\n\nBorn: March 27\, 1917\nDied: January 12\, 2002\nIn office: January 23\, 1977 – April 28\, 1980\nhttps://en.wi kipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_Vance SUMMARY:Cyrus Vance END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-h-seward DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18610305 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18690305 DESCRIPTION:William Henry Seward was an American politician who served as U nited States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869 and earlier served as go vernor of New York and as a United States senator. A determined opponent o f the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the American Civil War\ , he was prominent in the Republican Party in its formative years and was praised for his work on behalf of the Union as Secretary of State during t he Civil War. He also negotiated the treaty for the United States to purch ase the Alaska Territory.\n\nBorn: May 16\, 1801\nDied: October 10\, 1872\ nIn office: March 5\, 1861 – March 4\, 1869\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/William_H._Seward SUMMARY:William H. Seward END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:dan-smith DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20210120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20210127 DESCRIPTION:Daniel Bennett Smith is an American diplomat who served as the director of the Foreign Service Institute and acting United States Secreta ry of State at the presidential transition of Joe Biden. He has held the r ank of career ambassador since September 2018. He previously served as Ass istant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research at the United Stat es Department of State\, assuming that post on February 14\, 2014. He is c onsidered a veteran diplomat by the U.S. diplomatic community.\n\nBorn: Ma rch 6\, 1956\nIn office: January 20\, 2021 – January 26\, 2021\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bennett_Smith SUMMARY:Dan Smith END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-marshall DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18000613 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18010305 DESCRIPTION:John Marshall was an American statesman\, jurist\, and Founding Father who served as the fourth chief justice of the United States from 1 801 until his death in 1835. He remains the longest-serving chief justice and fifth-longest-serving justice in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court \, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices ever to serve. Prior to joining the court\, Marshall briefly served as both the U.S. secretary of state under President John Adams and a U.S. representat ive from Virginia\, making him one of the few Americans to have held a con stitutional office in each of the three branches of the United States fede ral government.\n\nBorn: September 24\, 1755\nDied: July 6\, 1835\nIn offi ce: June 13\, 1800 – March 4\, 1801\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_ Marshall SUMMARY:John Marshall END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-jay DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17890915 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17900323 DESCRIPTION:John Jay was an American statesman\, diplomat\, signatory of th e Treaty of Paris\, and a Founding Father of the United States. He served from 1789 to 1795 as the first chief justice of the United States and from 1795 to 1801 as the second governor of New York. Jay directed U.S. foreig n policy for much of the 1780s and was an important leader of the Federali st Party after the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788. \n\nBorn: December 12\, 1745\nDied: 1829\nIn office: September 15\, 1789 – March 22\, 1790\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jay SUMMARY:John Jay END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:charles-evans-hughes-f111e6 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19210305 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19250305 DESCRIPTION:Charles Evans Hughes was an American politician\, academic\, an d jurist who served as the 11th chief justice of the United States from 19 30 to 1941. A member of the Republican Party\, he previously was the 36th governor of New York (1907–1910)\, an associate justice of the Supreme C ourt (1910–1916)\, and 44th U.S. secretary of state (1921–1925). He wa s the Republican nominee in the 1916 presidential election\, narrowly losi ng to incumbent president Woodrow Wilson.\n\nBorn: April 11\, 1862\nDied: August 27\, 1948\nIn office: March 5\, 1921 – March 4\, 1925\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes SUMMARY:Charles Evans Hughes END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:dean-rusk DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19610121 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19690121 DESCRIPTION:David Dean Rusk was the United States secretary of state from 1 961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson\, the s econd-longest serving secretary of state after Cordell Hull from the Frank lin Roosevelt administration. He had been a high government official in th e 1940s and early 1950s\, as well as the head of a leading foundation.\n\n Born: February 9\, 1909\nDied: December 20\, 1994\nIn office: January 21\, 1961 – January 20\, 1969\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Rusk SUMMARY:Dean Rusk END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:george-shultz DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19820716 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19890121 DESCRIPTION:George Pratt Shultz was an American economist\, businessman\, d iplomat\, and statesman who served in various positions under presidents R ichard Nixon and Ronald Reagan. A member of the Republican Party\, he is o ne of only two persons to have held four different Cabinet-level posts\, t he other being Elliot Richardson. As the 60th United States Secretary of S tate\, Shultz played a major role in shaping the foreign policy of the Rea gan administration\, and conservative foreign policy thought thereafter.\n \nBorn: December 13\, 1920\nDied: February 6\, 2021\nIn office: July 16\, 1982 – January 20\, 1989\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Shultz SUMMARY:George Shultz END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:henry-l-stimson DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19290328 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19330305 DESCRIPTION:Henry Lewis Stimson was an American statesman\, lawyer\, and po litician. Over his long career\, he emerged as a leading figure in U.S. fo reign policy by serving in both Republican and Democratic administrations. He served as Secretary of War (1911–1913) under President William Howar d Taft\, Secretary of State (1929–1933) under President Herbert Hoover\, and again Secretary of War (1940–1945) under Presidents Franklin D. Roo sevelt and Harry S. Truman\, overseeing American military efforts during W orld War II.\n\nBorn: September 21\, 1867\nDied: October 20\, 1950\nIn off ice: March 28\, 1929 – March 4\, 1933\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen ry_L._Stimson SUMMARY:Henry L. Stimson END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:abel-p-upshur DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18430624 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18440229 DESCRIPTION:Abel Parker Upshur was an American lawyer\, planter\, judge\, a nd politician from the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Active in Virginia state politics for decades\, with a brother and a nephew who became distinguish ed U.S. Navy officers\, Judge Upshur left the Virginia bench to become the Secretary of the Navy and Secretary of State during the administration of President John Tyler\, a fellow Virginian. He negotiated the treaty that led to the 1845 Texas annexation to the United States and helped ensure th at it was admitted as a slave state. Upshur died on February 28\, 1844\, w hen a gun on the warship USS Princeton exploded during a demonstration.\n \nBorn: June 17\, 1790\nDied: February 28\, 1844\nIn office: June 24\, 184 3 – February 28\, 1844\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur SUMMARY:Abel P. Upshur END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:edmund-randolph DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17940102 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:17950821 DESCRIPTION:Edmund Jennings Randolph was an American Founding Father\, atto rney\, and the seventh Governor of Virginia. As a delegate from Virginia\, he attended the Constitutional Convention and helped to create the nation al constitution while serving on its Committee of Detail. He was appointed the first United States Attorney General by George Washington and subsequ ently served as the second Secretary of State during the Washington admini stration.\n\nBorn: August 10\, 1753\nDied: September 12\, 1813\nIn office: January 2\, 1794 – August 20\, 1795\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmu nd_Randolph SUMMARY:Edmund Randolph END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:henry-clay DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18250307 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18290305 DESCRIPTION:Henry Clay was an American lawyer\, statesman\, and diplomat wh o represented Kentucky in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. He was the seventh House speaker as well as the ninth secretary of state. Clay unsuccessfully ran for president in the 1824\, 1832\, and 1844 elections. He helped found both the National Repub lican Party and the Whig Party. For his role in defusing sectional crises\ , he earned the appellation of the "Great Compromiser" and was part of the "Great Triumvirate" of Congressmen\, alongside fellow Whig Daniel Webster and Democrat John C. Calhoun.\n\nBorn: 1777\nDied: June 29\, 1852\nIn off ice: March 7\, 1825 – March 4\, 1829\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henr y_Clay SUMMARY:Henry Clay END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:edmund-muskie DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19800508 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19810119 DESCRIPTION:Edmund Sixtus Muskie was an American politician\, attorney\, di plomat\, and naval officer who served as the 58th United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1980 to 1981. A member of the D emocratic Party\, he previously served as a U.S. senator from Maine from 1 959 to 1980\, the 64th governor of Maine from 1955 to 1959\, and a member of the Maine House of Representatives from 1946 to 1951. Muskie was the De mocratic vice presidential nominee in the 1968 presidential election.\n\nB orn: March 28\, 1914\nDied: March 26\, 1996\nIn office: May 8\, 1980 – J anuary 18\, 1981\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Muskie SUMMARY:Edmund Muskie END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:marco-rubio DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20261018 DESCRIPTION:Marco Antonio Rubio is an American politician\, attorney\, and diplomat serving as the 72nd United States secretary of state since 2025. He is also serving as the 30th United States national security advisor. A member of the Republican Party\, Rubio represented Florida in the United S tates Senate from 2011 to 2025.\n\nBorn: May 28\, 1971\nIn office: January 20\, 2025 – present\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio SUMMARY:Marco Rubio END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:joseph-grew DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19450628 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19450704 DESCRIPTION:Joseph Clark Grew was an American career diplomat and Foreign S ervice officer. He is best known for his long tenure as United States Amba ssador to Japan (1932–1941) in the lead-up to Pearl Harbor and for his t wo stints as the second-in-command at the State Department. He opposed Ame rican hardliners and sought to avoid war. When the war ended\, he helped d raft the U.S. Initial Post-Surrender Policy for Japan\, which offered rela tively generous terms to the defeated Japanese\, which facilitated America 's peaceful post-war occupation of Japan.\n\nBorn: May 27\, 1880\nDied: Ma y 25\, 1965\nIn office: June 28\, 1945 – July 3\, 1945\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/Joseph_Grew SUMMARY:Joseph Grew END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:rex-tillerson DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20170201 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20180401 DESCRIPTION:Rex Wayne Tillerson is an American energy executive and former diplomat who served as the 69th United States secretary of state from 2017 to 2018 in the first administration of Donald Trump. From 2006 to 2016\, he was chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of ExxonMobil.\n\nBorn: March 23\, 1952\nIn office: February 1\, 2017 – March 31\, 2018\nhttps:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Tillerson SUMMARY:Rex Tillerson END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:alvey-a-adee DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18980917 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18980930 DESCRIPTION:Alvey Augustus Adee was a long-time official with the United St ates Department of State who served as the acting Secretary of State in 18 98 during the Spanish–American War. He was the second of three senior St ate Department officials—the first being William Hunter and the third Wi lbur J. Carr—whose overlapping careers provided continuity and good mana gement in American foreign policy for over a century\, from the administra tion of President Andrew Jackson until that of Franklin D. Roosevelt.\n\nB orn: November 27\, 1842\nDied: July 4\, 1924\nIn office: September 17\, 18 98 – September 29\, 1898\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvey_A._Adee SUMMARY:Alvey A. Adee END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:james-alexander-hamilton DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18290304 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18290328 DESCRIPTION:James Alexander Hamilton was an American soldier\, acting Secre tary of State\, and the third son of Alexander Hamilton\, one of the Found ing Fathers of the United States. He entered politics as a Democrat and su pporter of Andrew Jackson.\n\nBorn: April 14\, 1788\nDied: September 24\, 1878\nIn office: March 4\, 1829 – March 27\, 1829\nhttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/James_Alexander_Hamilton SUMMARY:James Alexander Hamilton END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-hunter DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18530304 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18530308 DESCRIPTION:William Hunter Jr. was a politician and diplomat from Rhode Isl and. He was a confidential clerk to Secretary of State John Clayton in the United States Department of State from 1849 to 1850\, serving with George P. Fisher. He had served as acting Secretary of State on three occasions\ , once in 1853\, again in 1860\, and to temporarily substitute for Secreta ry William H. Seward after his injury in a carriage accident and subsequen t wounding in an attack concurrent with the assassination of Abraham Linco ln. He also served as Chief Clerk of the State Department from 1852 to 185 5\, Assistant Secretary of State in 1855 and Second Assistant Secretary of State from 1866 until his death in 1886.\n\nBorn: November 8\, 1805\nDied : July 22\, 1886\nIn office: March 4\, 1853 – March 7\, 1853\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hunter_(assistant_secretary_of_state) SUMMARY:William Hunter END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-hunter-6015d7 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18601215 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18601217 DESCRIPTION:William Hunter Jr. was a politician and diplomat from Rhode Isl and. He was a confidential clerk to Secretary of State John Clayton in the United States Department of State from 1849 to 1850\, serving with George P. Fisher. He had served as acting Secretary of State on three occasions\ , once in 1853\, again in 1860\, and to temporarily substitute for Secreta ry William H. Seward after his injury in a carriage accident and subsequen t wounding in an attack concurrent with the assassination of Abraham Linco ln. He also served as Chief Clerk of the State Department from 1852 to 185 5\, Assistant Secretary of State in 1855 and Second Assistant Secretary of State from 1866 until his death in 1886.\n\nBorn: November 8\, 1805\nDied : July 22\, 1886\nIn office: December 15\, 1860 – December 16\, 1860\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hunter_(assistant_secretary_of_state) SUMMARY:William Hunter END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:francis-butler-loomis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19050701 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19050719 DESCRIPTION:Francis Butler Loomis served as the United States Ambassador to Venezuela from 1897 to 1901 and the United States Ambassador to Portugal from 1901 to 1902. He was the United States Assistant Secretary of State f rom 1903 to 1905 when he was appointed as the acting United States Secreta ry of State. His son was Major general Francis B. Loomis Jr.\n\nBorn: July 27\, 1861\nDied: August 4\, 1948\nIn office: July 1\, 1905 – July 18\, 1905\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Butler_Loomis SUMMARY:Francis Butler Loomis END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:edwin-f-uhl DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18950528 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18950610 DESCRIPTION:Edwin Fuller Uhl was a prominent Michigan lawyer and politician . He served as Mayor of Grand Rapids\, Michigan\, Ambassador to Germany an d United States Assistant Secretary of State.\n\nBorn: August 14\, 1841\nD ied: May 17\, 1901\nIn office: May 28\, 1895 – June 9\, 1895\nhttps://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_F._Uhl SUMMARY:Edwin F. Uhl END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:robert-lansing DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19150609 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19200214 DESCRIPTION:Robert Lansing was an American lawyer and diplomat who served a s the 42nd United States Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson from 1915 to 1920. As Counselor to the State Department and then as Secre tary of State\, he was a leading advocate for American involvement in Worl d War I.\n\nBorn: October 17\, 1864\nDied: October 30\, 1928\nIn office: J une 9\, 1915 – February 13\, 1920\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_ Lansing SUMMARY:Robert Lansing END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:edward-reilly-stettinius-jr DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19441201 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19450628 DESCRIPTION:Edward Reilly Stettinius Jr. was an American businessman who se rved as United States Secretary of State under presidents Franklin D. Roos evelt and Harry S. Truman from 1944 to 1945\, and as U.S. Ambassador to th e United Nations in 1946.\n\nBorn: October 22\, 1900\nDied: October 31\, 1 949\nIn office: December 1\, 1944 – June 27\, 1945\nhttps://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Edward_Stettinius_Jr. SUMMARY:Edward Reilly Stettinius\, Jr. END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-l-marcy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18530307 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18570307 DESCRIPTION:William Learned Marcy was an American lawyer\, politician\, and judge who served as U.S. Senator\, the eleventh Governor of New York\, U. S. Secretary of War and the twenty-first U.S. Secretary of State. In the l atter office\, he negotiated the Gadsden Purchase\, the last major acquisi tion of land in the contiguous United States.\n\nBorn: December 12\, 1786\ nDied: July 4\, 1857\nIn office: March 7\, 1853 – March 6\, 1857\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Marcy SUMMARY:William L. Marcy END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:james-f-byrnes-e6e589 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19450703 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19470122 DESCRIPTION:James Francis Byrnes was an American judge and politician from South Carolina. A member of the Democratic Party\, he served in the U.S. C ongress and on the U.S. Supreme Court\, as well as in the executive branch \, most prominently as the 49th U.S. Secretary of State under President Ha rry S. Truman. Byrnes was also the 104th governor of South Carolina.\n\nBo rn: May 2\, 1882\nDied: April 9\, 1972\nIn office: July 3\, 1945 – Janua ry 21\, 1947\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_F._Byrnes SUMMARY:James F. Byrnes END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-p-rogers DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19690122 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19730904 DESCRIPTION:William Pierce Rogers was an American politician\, diplomat\, a nd attorney. A member of the Republican Party\, he served as Attorney Gene ral in the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower and as U.S. Secretary of State in the administration of Richard Nixon.\n\nBorn: June 23\, 1913\nDi ed: January 2\, 2001\nIn office: January 22\, 1969 – September 3\, 1973\ nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_P._Rogers SUMMARY:William P. Rogers END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:edward-everett DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18521106 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18530305 DESCRIPTION:Edward Everett was an American politician\, Unitarian pastor\, educator\, diplomat\, and orator from Massachusetts. Everett\, as a Whig\, served as U.S. representative\, U.S. senator\, the 15th governor of Massa chusetts\, minister to Great Britain\, and United States secretary of stat e. He also taught at Harvard University and served as its president.\n\nBo rn: 1794\nDied: January 15\, 1865\nIn office: November 6\, 1852 – March 4\, 1853\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Everett SUMMARY:Edward Everett END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:timothy-pickering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:17950820 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18000513 DESCRIPTION:Timothy Pickering was the third United States secretary of stat e\, serving under Presidents George Washington and John Adams. He also rep resented Massachusetts in both houses of Congress as a member of the Feder alist Party. In 1795\, he was elected a member of the American Philosophic al Society.\n\nBorn: July 17\, 1745\nDied: January 29\, 1829\nIn office: A ugust 20\, 1795 – May 12\, 1800\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_P ickering SUMMARY:Timothy Pickering END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:robert-bacon DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19090127 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19090306 DESCRIPTION:Robert Bacon was an American athlete\, banker\, businessman\, s tatesman\, diplomat and Republican Party politician who served as the 39th United States Secretary of State in the Theodore Roosevelt administration from January to March 1909. He also served as Assistant Secretary of Stat e from 1905 to 1909 and Ambassador to France from 1909 to 1912.\n\nBorn: J uly 5\, 1860\nDied: May 29\, 1919\nIn office: January 27\, 1909 – March 5\, 1909\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bacon SUMMARY:Robert Bacon END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-sherman DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18970306 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18980428 DESCRIPTION:John Sherman was an American politician from Ohio who served in federal office throughout the Civil War and into the late nineteenth cent ury. A member of the Republican Party\, he served in both houses of the U. S. Congress. He also served as Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State. Sherman sought the Republican presidential nomination three times\, coming closest in 1888\, but was never chosen by the party. Between 1861 and 1897\, John Sherman served in the U.S. Senate for nearly 32 years and holds the record for longest serving senator from the state of Ohio.\n\nBo rn: May 10\, 1823\nDied: October 22\, 1900\nIn office: March 6\, 1897 – April 27\, 1898\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman SUMMARY:John Sherman END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:james-g-blaine DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18810307 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18811220 DESCRIPTION:James Gillespie Blaine was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the United States House of Representa tives from 1863 to 1876\, served as Speaker of the House from 1869 to 1875 \, and was a United States senator from 1876 to 1881. He served twice as S ecretary of State\, under presidents James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arth ur in 1881\, and under Benjamin Harrison from 1889 to 1892. He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 1876 and 1880\, and received the nom ination in 1884\, narrowly losing the general election to Democratic nomin ee Grover Cleveland. Blaine was a prominent figure in the moderate faction of the Republican Party\, known as the "Half-Breeds".\n\nBorn: 1830\nDied : January 27\, 1893\nIn office: March 7\, 1881 – December 19\, 1881\nhtt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_G._Blaine SUMMARY:James G. Blaine END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:james-g-blaine-b3051b DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18890307 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18920605 DESCRIPTION:James Gillespie Blaine was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the United States House of Representa tives from 1863 to 1876\, served as Speaker of the House from 1869 to 1875 \, and was a United States senator from 1876 to 1881. He served twice as S ecretary of State\, under presidents James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arth ur in 1881\, and under Benjamin Harrison from 1889 to 1892. He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 1876 and 1880\, and received the nom ination in 1884\, narrowly losing the general election to Democratic nomin ee Grover Cleveland. Blaine was a prominent figure in the moderate faction of the Republican Party\, known as the "Half-Breeds".\n\nBorn: 1830\nDied : January 27\, 1893\nIn office: March 7\, 1889 – June 4\, 1892\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_G._Blaine SUMMARY:James G. Blaine END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:condoleezza-rice DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20050126 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20090121 DESCRIPTION:Condoleezza "Condi" Rice is an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the 66th United States secretary of state from 200 5 to 2009 and as the 19th U.S. national security advisor from 2001 to 2005 . Since 2020\, she has served as the 8th director of Stanford University's Hoover Institution.\n\nBorn: November 14\, 1954\nIn office: January 26\, 2005 – January 20\, 2009\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice SUMMARY:Condoleezza Rice END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:mike-pompeo DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20180426 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20210121 DESCRIPTION:Michael Richard Pompeo is an American politician\, attorney\, d iplomat\, and former U.S. Army officer who served in the first administrat ion of Donald Trump as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CI A) from 2017 to 2018\, and as the 70th United States secretary of state fr om 2018 to 2021. A member of the Republican Party\, he previously represen ted Kansas's 4th district in the United States House of Representatives fr om 2011 to 2017.\n\nBorn: December 30\, 1963\nIn office: April 26\, 2018 – January 20\, 2021\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pompeo SUMMARY:Mike Pompeo END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:lewis-cass DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18570306 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18601215 DESCRIPTION:Lewis Cass was a United States Army officer and politician. He represented Michigan in the United States Senate and served in the Cabinet s of two U.S. Presidents\, Andrew Jackson and James Buchanan. He was also the 1848 Democratic presidential nominee. A slave owner himself\, he was a leading spokesman for the doctrine of popular sovereignty\, which at the time held the idea that people in each U.S state should have the right to decide whether to permit slavery as a matter of states' rights.\n\nBorn: O ctober 9\, 1782\nDied: 1866\nIn office: March 6\, 1857 – December 14\, 1 860\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Cass SUMMARY:Lewis Cass END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:edward-livingston DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18310524 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18330530 DESCRIPTION:Edward Livingston was an American jurist\, statesman and slaveh older. He was an influential figure in the drafting of the Louisiana Civil Code of 1825\, a civil code based largely on the Napoleonic Code. Livings ton represented both New York and then Louisiana in Congress and served as the U.S. Secretary of State from 1831 to 1833 and Minister to France from 1833 to 1835 under President Andrew Jackson. He was also the 47th mayor o f New York City.\n\nBorn: May 28\, 1764\nDied: May 23\, 1836\nIn office: M ay 24\, 1831 – May 29\, 1833\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Livin gston SUMMARY:Edward Livingston END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:robert-smith DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18090306 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18110402 DESCRIPTION:Robert Smith was an American politician\, diplomat\, and admira lty lawyer. He served as the second United States Secretary of the Navy fr om 1801 to 1809 and the sixth United States Secretary of State from 1809 t o 1811. He was the younger brother of Senator Samuel Smith.\n\nBorn: Novem ber 3\, 1757\nDied: November 26\, 1842\nIn office: March 6\, 1809 – Apri l 1\, 1811\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Maryland_politicia n) SUMMARY:Robert Smith END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:louis-mclane DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18330529 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18340701 DESCRIPTION:Louis McLane was an American lawyer and politician from Wilming ton\, in New Castle County\, Delaware\, and Baltimore\, Maryland. He was a veteran of the War of 1812\, a member of the Federalist Party and later t he Democratic Party. He served as the U.S. representative from Delaware\, U.S. senator from Delaware\, the tenth U.S. Secretary of the Treasury\, th e twelfth U.S. Secretary of State\, ambassador to Great Britain\, and pres ident of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.\n\nBorn: May 28\, 1786\nDied: Oc tober 7\, 1857\nIn office: May 29\, 1833 – June 30\, 1834\nhttps://en.wi kipedia.org/wiki/Louis_McLane SUMMARY:Louis McLane END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:michael-armacost DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19890120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19890126 DESCRIPTION:Michael Hayden Armacost was an American diplomat\, who was acti ng United States Secretary of State during the early days of the administr ation of President George H. W. Bush\, before Secretary James Baker was co nfirmed by the Senate. Armacost also served as United States Ambassador to Japan and the president of the Brookings Institution from 1995 to 2002. H e was later a fellow at Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute fro m 2002 to 2021.\n\nBorn: April 15\, 1937\nDied: March 8\, 2025\nIn office: January 20\, 1989 – January 25\, 1989\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi chael_Armacost SUMMARY:Michael Armacost END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:h-freeman-matthews DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19530120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19530122 DESCRIPTION:Harrison Freeman Matthews was an American career diplomat who s erved as Ambassador to three European countries. He was born on May 26\, 1 899\, and served in the United States Navy during World War I\, and became a career employee of the United States Department of State in 1924. He di ed on October 19\, 1986\, at 87 years old.\n\nBorn: May 26\, 1899\nDied: O ctober 19\, 1986\nIn office: January 20\, 1953 – January 21\, 1953\nhttp s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Freeman_Matthews SUMMARY:H. Freeman Matthews END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:jacob-l-martin DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18410304 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18410306 DESCRIPTION:Jacob L. Martin was an American diplomat. He held the post of C hief Clerk of the U.S. State Department from July 16\, 1840\, to March 5\, 1841. For just two days\, March 4 and March 5\, 1841\, he held the ad int erim chair of the United States Secretary of State.\n\nBorn: June 1810\nDi ed: August 26\, 1848\nIn office: March 4\, 1841 – March 5\, 1841\nhttps: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_L._Martin SUMMARY:Jacob L. Martin END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-graham DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18170304 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18170310 DESCRIPTION:John Graham was an American politician and diplomat. He was bor n in Dumfries\, Virginia\, and graduated from Columbia University in 1790. He moved to Kentucky and served in the Kentucky legislature.\n\nBorn: 177 4\nDied: August 6\, 1820\nIn office: March 4\, 1817 – March 9\, 1817\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Graham_(diplomat) SUMMARY:John Graham END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-j-sullivan DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20180401 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20180427 DESCRIPTION:John Joseph Sullivan is an American attorney and government off icial who served as the United States ambassador to Russia from 2020 to 20 22\, and who previously served as the 19th U.S. deputy secretary of state from 2017 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party\, Sullivan served as A cting United States Secretary of State from April 1\, 2018\, to April 26\, 2018\, following President Donald Trump's dismissal of Secretary of State Rex Tillerson on March 13\, 2018\, until Tillerson's official successor\, Mike Pompeo\, was sworn in. Tillerson did not officially leave office unt il March 31\, 2018. Sullivan\, however\, was delegated all responsibilitie s of the Secretary of State beginning March 13.\n\nBorn: November 20\, 195 9\nIn office: April 1\, 2018 – April 26\, 2018\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_J._Sullivan_(diplomat) SUMMARY:John J. Sullivan END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:hillary-clinton-8c2599 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20090121 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20130202 DESCRIPTION:Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton is an American politician\, lawyer and diplomat. She was the 67th United States secretary of state in the ad ministration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013\, a U.S. senator representi ng New York from 2001 to 2009\, and the first lady of the United States fr om 1993 to 2001 as the wife of Bill Clinton. A member of the Democratic Pa rty\, she was the party's nominee in the 2016 presidential election\, beco ming the first woman to win a presidential nomination by a major U.S. poli tical party and the only woman to win the popular vote for U.S. president. Clinton lost the United States Electoral College vote to Republican Party nominee Donald Trump. She is the only first lady of the United States to have run for\, or held\, elected office.\n\nBorn: October 26\, 1947\nIn of fice: January 21\, 2009 – February 1\, 2013\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/Hillary_Clinton SUMMARY:Hillary Clinton END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:henry-kissinger-ed59cc DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19730922 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19770121 DESCRIPTION:Henry Alfred Kissinger was an American diplomat\, political sci entist\, and politician. A member of the Republican Party\, he served as t he 7th national security advisor from 1969 to 1975 and as the 56th United States secretary of state from 1973 to 1977\, serving under presidents Ric hard Nixon and Gerald Ford.\n\nBorn: May 27\, 1923\nDied: November 29\, 20 23\nIn office: September 22\, 1973 – January 20\, 1977\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger SUMMARY:Henry Kissinger END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:david-d-newsom DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19800502 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19800505 DESCRIPTION:David Dunlop Newsom was an American diplomat. Newsom served as the United States Ambassador to Libya from 1965 to 1969\, the United State s Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from 1969 to 1974\, the United States Ambassador to Indonesia from 1973 to 1977 and the United St ates Ambassador to the Philippines from 1977 to 1978.\n\nBorn: January 6\, 1918\nDied: March 30\, 2008\nIn office: May 2\, 1980 – May 4\, 1980\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_D._Newsom SUMMARY:David D. Newsom END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:david-d-newsom-a05178 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19810118 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19810123 DESCRIPTION:David Dunlop Newsom was an American diplomat. Newsom served as the United States Ambassador to Libya from 1965 to 1969\, the United State s Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from 1969 to 1974\, the United States Ambassador to Indonesia from 1973 to 1977 and the United St ates Ambassador to the Philippines from 1977 to 1978.\n\nBorn: January 6\, 1918\nDied: March 30\, 2008\nIn office: January 18\, 1981 – January 22\ , 1981\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_D._Newsom SUMMARY:David D. Newsom END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:hamilton-fish DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18690317 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18770313 DESCRIPTION:Hamilton Fish was an American statesman who served as the sixte enth governor of New York from 1849 to 1850\, a United States senator from New York from 1851 to 1857\, and the 26th U.S. secretary of state from 18 69 to 1877. Fish was the most trusted advisor to President Ulysses S. Gran t and recognized as the pillar of Grant's presidency. He is considered one of the nation's most effective U.S. secretaries of state by scholars\, kn own for his judiciousness and efforts towards reform and diplomatic modera tion. He settled the controversial Alabama Claims with the United Kingdom\ , developing the concept of international arbitration and avoided war with Spain over Cuban independence by coolly handling the volatile Virginius i ncident. He also organized a peace conference and treaty between South Ame rican countries and Spain. In 1875\, Fish negotiated a reciprocal trade tr eaty for sugar production with the Kingdom of Hawai'i\, initiating the pro cess which ended in the 1893 overthrow of the House of Kalākaua and state hood. Fish worked with James Milton Turner to settle the Liberia-Grebo War in 1876.\n\nBorn: August 3\, 1808\nDied: September 7\, 1893\nIn office: M arch 17\, 1869 – March 12\, 1877\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton _Fish SUMMARY:Hamilton Fish END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-watson-foster DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18920629 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18930224 DESCRIPTION:John Watson Foster was an American diplomat\, military officer\ , lawyer and journalist who was U.S. Secretary of State from 1892 to 1893\ , under President Benjamin Harrison. He was influential as a lawyer in tec hnically private practice in the international relations sphere.\n\nBorn: March 2\, 1836\nDied: November 15\, 1917\nIn office: June 29\, 1892 – Fe bruary 23\, 1893\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Foster SUMMARY:John Watson Foster END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-r-day-4c9287 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18980428 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18980917 DESCRIPTION:William Rufus Day was an American diplomat and jurist who serve d as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1 903 to 1922. Prior to his service on the Supreme Court\, Day served as Uni ted States Secretary of State during the administration of President Willi am McKinley. He also served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and the United States Circu it Courts for the Sixth Circuit.\n\nBorn: April 17\, 1849\nDied: July 9\, 1923\nIn office: April 28\, 1898 – September 16\, 1898\nhttps://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/William_R._Day SUMMARY:William R. Day END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:philander-c-knox DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19090306 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19130306 DESCRIPTION:Philander Chase Knox was an American lawyer\, bank director\, s tatesman and Republican Party politician. He represented Pennsylvania in t he United States Senate from 1904 to 1909 and 1917 to 1921. He was the 44t h U.S. attorney general in the cabinet of William McKinley and Theodore Ro osevelt from 1901 to 1904 and the 40th U.S. secretary of state in the cabi net of William Howard Taft from 1909 to 1913.\n\nBorn: May 6\, 1853\nDied: October 12\, 1921\nIn office: March 6\, 1909 – March 5\, 1913\nhttps:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philander_C._Knox SUMMARY:Philander C. Knox END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:bainbridge-colby DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19200323 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19210305 DESCRIPTION:Bainbridge Colby was an American politician and attorney who wa s a co-founder of the United States Progressive Party and Woodrow Wilson's last Secretary of State. Colby was a Republican until he helped co-found the National Progressive Party in 1912\; he ran for multiple offices as a member of that party\, but did not win any.\n\nBorn: December 22\, 1869\nD ied: April 11\, 1950\nIn office: March 23\, 1920 – March 4\, 1921\nhttps ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bainbridge_Colby SUMMARY:Bainbridge Colby END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:thomas-f-bayard DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18850307 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18890307 DESCRIPTION:Thomas Francis Bayard Sr. was an American lawyer\, politician a nd diplomat from Wilmington\, Delaware. A Democrat\, he served three terms as the United States senator from Delaware and made three unsuccessful bi ds for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States. In 18 85\, President Grover Cleveland appointed him Secretary of State. After fo ur years in private life\, he returned to the diplomatic arena as Ambassad or to Great Britain.\n\nBorn: October 29\, 1828\nDied: September 28\, 1898 \nIn office: March 7\, 1885 – March 6\, 1889\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/Thomas_F._Bayard SUMMARY:Thomas F. Bayard END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:richard-olney DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18950610 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18970306 DESCRIPTION:Richard Olney was an American attorney\, statesman\, and Democr atic Party politician who served as a member of the second cabinet of Pres ident Grover Cleveland as the 40th United States Attorney General from 189 3 to 1895 and 34th Secretary of State from 1895 to 1897.\n\nBorn: Septembe r 15\, 1835\nDied: April 8\, 1917\nIn office: June 10\, 1895 – March 5\, 1897\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Olney SUMMARY:Richard Olney END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-m-evarts DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18770312 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18810308 DESCRIPTION:William Maxwell Evarts was an American lawyer and statesman fro m New York who served as U.S. Secretary of State\, U.S. Attorney General a nd U.S. Senator from New York. He was renowned for his skills as a litigat or and was involved in three of the most important causes of American poli tical jurisprudence in his day: the impeachment of a president\, the Genev a arbitration and the contests before the electoral commission to settle t he presidential election of 1876.\n\nBorn: February 6\, 1818\nDied: Februa ry 28\, 1901\nIn office: March 12\, 1877 – March 7\, 1881\nhttps://en.wi kipedia.org/wiki/William_M._Evarts SUMMARY:William M. Evarts END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:frederick-t-frelinghuysen DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18811219 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18850307 DESCRIPTION:Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen was an American lawyer and pol itician from New Jersey who served as a U.S. Senator and later as United S tates Secretary of State under President Chester A. Arthur.\n\nBorn: Augus t 4\, 1817\nDied: May 20\, 1885\nIn office: December 19\, 1881 – March 6 \, 1885\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen SUMMARY:Frederick T. Frelinghuysen END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:levi-lincoln-sr DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18010305 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18010502 DESCRIPTION:Levi Lincoln Sr. was an American revolutionary\, lawyer\, and s tatesman from Massachusetts. A Democratic-Republican\, he served as Thomas Jefferson's first attorney general\, and played a significant role in the events that led to the celebrated Marbury v. Madison court case. He serve d two terms as the lieutenant governor of Massachusetts\, acting as govern or for the remainder of Governor James Sullivan's term after his death in December 1808. Lincoln was unsuccessful in his bid to be elected governor in his own right in 1809.\n\nBorn: May 15\, 1749\nDied: April 14\, 1820\nI n office: March 5\, 1801 – May 1\, 1801\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L evi_Lincoln_Sr. SUMMARY:Levi Lincoln Sr. END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:charles-lee DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18000513 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18000606 DESCRIPTION:Charles Lee was an American lawyer and politician from Virginia who served as United States Attorney General from 1795 until 1801\, and a s United States Secretary of State ad interim from May 13\, 1800\, to June 5\, 1800\, after serving as prosecutor for the City of Alexandria and ser ving in the Virginia House of Delegates from Fairfax County. He was a memb er of the Lee Family of Virginia.\n\nBorn: 1758\nDied: June 24\, 1815\nIn office: May 13\, 1800 – June 5\, 1800\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha rles_Lee_(Attorney_General) SUMMARY:Charles Lee END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:walter-quintin-gresham DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18930307 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18950529 DESCRIPTION:Walter Quintin Gresham was an American attorney\, jurist\, stat esman\, and politician who served in the cabinets of presidents Chester A. Arthur and Grover Cleveland.\n\nBorn: March 17\, 1832\nDied: May 28\, 189 5\nIn office: March 7\, 1893 – May 28\, 1895\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/Walter_Q._Gresham SUMMARY:Walter Quintin Gresham END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:john-forsyth DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18340701 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18410305 DESCRIPTION:John Forsyth Sr. was a 19th-century American politician from Ge orgia. He represented the state in both the House of Representatives and t he Senate\, and also served as the 33rd governor of Georgia. As a supporte r of the policies of President Andrew Jackson\, Forsyth was appointed the 13th United States Secretary of State by Jackson in 1834\, and continued i n that role until 1841 during the presidency of Martin Van Buren. He also served as US Minister to Spain during the presidency of James Monroe.\n\nB orn: October 22\, 1780\nDied: October 21\, 1841\nIn office: July 1\, 1834 – March 4\, 1841\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician ) SUMMARY:John Forsyth END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:elihu-b-washburne DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18690305 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18690317 DESCRIPTION:Elihu Benjamin Washburne was an American politician. A member o f the Washburn family\, which played a prominent role in the early formati on of the United States Republican Party\, he served as a congressman from Illinois before\, during and after the American Civil War. He was a polit ical ally of President Abraham Lincoln and General Ulysses S. Grant. Durin g Grant's administration\, Washburne was the 25th United States Secretary of State briefly in 1869\, and was the United States Minister to France fr om 1869 to 1877.\n\nBorn: September 23\, 1816\nDied: October 22\, 1887\nIn office: March 5\, 1869 – March 16\, 1869\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Elihu_B._Washburne SUMMARY:Elihu B. Washburne END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:richard-n-cooper DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19800503 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19800504 DESCRIPTION:Richard Newell Cooper was an American economist\, policy advise r\, and academic.\n\nBorn: June 14\, 1934\nDied: December 23\, 2020\nIn of fice: May 3\, 1980 – May 3\, 1980\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard _N._Cooper SUMMARY:Richard N. Cooper END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:jeremiah-s-black DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18601217 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18610306 DESCRIPTION:Jeremiah Sullivan Black was an American statesman and lawyer. H e served as a justice on the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1851–1857) a nd as the Court's Chief Justice (1851–1854). He also served in the Cabin et of President James Buchanan\, first as Attorney General (1857–1860)\, and then Secretary of State (1860–1861).\n\nBorn: January 10\, 1810\nDi ed: August 19\, 1883\nIn office: December 17\, 1860 – March 5\, 1861\nht tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_S._Black SUMMARY:Jeremiah S. Black END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:charles-e-bohlen DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19690120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19690123 DESCRIPTION:Charles Eustis "Chip" Bohlen was an American diplomat\, ambassa dor\, and expert on the Soviet Union. He helped shape United States foreig n policy during World War II and the Cold War and helped develop the Marsh all Plan to rebuild Europe.\n\nBorn: August 30\, 1904\nDied: December 31\, 1974\nIn office: January 20\, 1969 – January 22\, 1969\nhttps://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Bohlen SUMMARY:Charles E. Bohlen END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:thomas-a-shannon-jr DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20170120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20170202 DESCRIPTION:Thomas Alfred Shannon Jr. is an American diplomat who served as Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 2016 to 2018. In earl y 2017\, Shannon served as acting United States secretary of state until P resident Donald Trump's nominee\, Rex Tillerson\, was confirmed. He was al so acting deputy secretary of state of the United States until the Senate confirmed President Trump's nominee\, John J. Sullivan.\n\nBorn: 1958\nIn office: January 20\, 2017 – February 1\, 2017\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Thomas_A._Shannon_Jr. SUMMARY:Thomas A. Shannon\, Jr. END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:antony-blinken-b11cf4 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20210126 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250121 DESCRIPTION:Antony John Blinken is an American lawyer and diplomat who serv ed as the 71st United States secretary of state from 2021 to 2025. He prev iously served as deputy national security advisor from 2013 to 2015 and de puty secretary of state from 2015 to 2017 under President Barack Obama. Bl inken was previously national security advisor to then-vice president Joe Biden from 2009 to 2013.\n\nBorn: April 16\, 1962\nIn office: January 26\, 2021 – January 20\, 2025\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_Blinken SUMMARY:Antony Blinken END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-f-wharton DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18920604 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18920630 DESCRIPTION:William Fisher Wharton\, was a Boston attorney who served as th e United States Assistant Secretary of State from 1889 to 1893.\n\nBorn: J une 28\, 1847\nDied: May 20\, 1919\nIn office: June 4\, 1892 – June 29\, 1892\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Wharton SUMMARY:William F. Wharton END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-f-wharton-918770 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18930224 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18930307 DESCRIPTION:William Fisher Wharton\, was a Boston attorney who served as th e United States Assistant Secretary of State from 1889 to 1893.\n\nBorn: J une 28\, 1847\nDied: May 20\, 1919\nIn office: February 24\, 1893 – Marc h 6\, 1893\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Wharton SUMMARY:William F. Wharton END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:william-s-derrick DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18430621 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18430624 DESCRIPTION:\n\nWilliam Sharples Derrick was an American politician from Pe nnsylvania. He held the post of Chief Clerk of the U.S. State Department f our distinct times in the 1840s and 1850s. He held the post of Secretary o f State ad interim for three days in 1843.\n\nBorn: July 31\, 1802\nDied: May 15\, 1852\nIn office: June 21\, 1843 – June 23\, 1843\nhttps://en.wi kipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Derrick SUMMARY:William S. Derrick END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:kenneth-rush DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19730903 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19730923 DESCRIPTION:David Kenneth Rush was a United States Ambassador who helped ne gotiate the groundbreaking Four-Power Agreement in 1971 that ended the pos t-war crisis over Berlin. He also served as Counselor to President Nixon i n 1974. He served as Deputy Secretary of State from 1972–1974.\n\nBorn: January 17\, 1910\nDied: December 11\, 1994\nIn office: September 3\, 1973 – September 22\, 1973\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Rush SUMMARY:Kenneth Rush END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:walter-john-stoessel DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19820705 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19820717 DESCRIPTION:Walter John Stoessel Jr. was an American diplomat.\n\nBorn: Jan uary 24\, 1920\nDied: December 9\, 1986\nIn office: July 5\, 1982 – July 16\, 1982\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_J._Stoessel_Jr. SUMMARY:Walter John Stoessel END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:richard-rush DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:18170310 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:18170923 DESCRIPTION:Richard Rush was an American lawyer\, politician and diplomat w ho served as the 8th United States Attorney General from 1814 to 1817 and the 8th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1825 to 1829. He serv ed as John Quincy Adams's running mate on the National Republican ticket d uring the 1828 United States presidential election.\n\nBorn: August 29\, 1 780\nDied: July 30\, 1859\nIn office: March 10\, 1817 – September 22\, 1 817\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Rush SUMMARY:Richard Rush END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:philip-habib DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19770120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19770124 DESCRIPTION:Philip Charles Habib was an American career diplomat active fro m 1949 to 1987.\n\nBorn: February 25\, 1920\nDied: May 24\, 1992\nIn offic e: January 20\, 1977 – January 23\, 1977\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Philip_C._Habib SUMMARY:Philip Habib END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20261017T084734Z UID:frank-g-wisner DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19930120 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:19930121 DESCRIPTION:Frank George Wisner II was an American businessman and diplomat who served as United States Secretary of State following the resignation of the previous acting United States Secretary of State Arnold Kanter at n oon on January 20\, 1993 until the confirmation by the United States Senat e and swearing in of Warren Christopher as United States Secretary of Stat e later that day. On January 31\, 2011\, he was sent to Egypt by President Barack Obama to negotiate a resolution to the popular protests against th e regime that had swept the country. A White House spokesman said that Wis ner had vast experience in the region as well as close relationships with many Egyptians in and out of government. The New York Times reported that he was a personal friend of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak.\n\nBo rn: July 2\, 1938\nDied: February 24\, 2025\nIn office: January 20\, 1993 – January 20\, 1993\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_G._Wisner SUMMARY:Frank G. Wisner END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR