A corporate defendant's purposeful availment of a state can lead to personal jurisdiction even when there is no direct causal connection, when the claims nonetheless 'arise out of or relate to' a defendant's contact with a state. Decided March 25, 2021 (argued October 7, 2020). Opinion of the Court: Elena Kagan → go there Applied: the Fourteenth Amendment → go there Topic: Personal jurisdiction. Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial District, 592 U.S. 351 (2021), was a U.S. Supreme Court case involving personal jurisdiction of a state court in product liability lawsuits against an out-of-state manufacturer. The case, consolidated with Ford Motor Co. v. Bandemer, involved two product liability lawsuits brought against the Ford Motor Company at the state level related to two drivers' injuries in separate accidents involving Ford's vehicles in Montana and Minnesota. Ford challenged the lawsuits as the vehicles in question were designed, manufactured, and sold in other states, and therefore Ford contended that the states in which the accidents actually occurred did not have specific personal jurisdiction over its allegedly tortious conduct. The Supreme Court ruled in a 8–0 decision that under the Due Process Clause, the plaintiffs' claims "arise out of or relate to" Ford's business and marketing activities and in turn those activities support the states' exercise of specific personal jurisdiction over the liability lawsuits. Wiki link