The totality of the circumstances, rather than a rigid test, must be used in finding probable cause under the Fourth Amendment. Decided June 8, 1983 (argued October 10, 1982). Opinion of the Court: William Rehnquist → go there Dissenting: Brennan, Stevens. Applied: the Fourth Amendment → go there Topic: Fourth Amendment rights. Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (1983), is a Fourth Amendment case. Gates overruled Aguilar v. Texas and Spinelli v. United States, thereby replacing the Aguilar–Spinelli test for probable cause with the "totality of the circumstances" test. Wiki link