John Bardeen was an American physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for their invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for their microscopic theory of superconductivity, known as the BCS theory. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972, announced October 20, 1972. John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer, “for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory”. John Bardeen: born 1908, Madison, WI, USA. Leon N. Cooper: born 1930, New York, NY, USA. Robert Schrieffer: born 1931, Oak Park, IL, USA. Wiki link Wiki link Wiki link Data: the Nobel Foundation (CC0).