Nicolaas Bloembergen was a Dutch–American physicist recognized for his work in developing driving principles behind nonlinear optics for laser spectroscopy. During his career, he was a professor at Harvard University and later at the University of Arizona and at Leiden University in 1973. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981, announced October 19, 1981. Nicolaas Bloembergen (1/4), “for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy”. Arthur L. Schawlow (1/4), “for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy”. Kai M. Siegbahn (1/2), “for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy”. Nicolaas Bloembergen: born 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Arthur L. Schawlow: born 1921, Mount Vernon, NY, USA. Kai M. Siegbahn: born 1918, Lund, Sweden. Wiki link Wiki link Wiki link Data: the Nobel Foundation (CC0).