Mary Elizabeth Brunkow is an American molecular biologist, immunologist and Nobel Prize laureate. She is known for co-identifying the gene later named FOXP3 as the cause of the scurfy mouse phenotype, a finding that became foundational for modern regulatory T cell biology. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025, announced October 6, 2025. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi, “for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance”. Mary E. Brunkow: born 1961, Portland, OR, USA. Fred Ramsdell: born 1960, Elmhurst, IL, USA. Shimon Sakaguchi: born 1951, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan. Wiki link Wiki link Wiki link Data: the Nobel Foundation (CC0).