Pope Boniface VIII is one of the most controversial popes in history. His papacy was marked by his assertion of papal supremacy over secular rulers, leading to conflicts with King Philip IV of France and culminating in his humiliation at the hands of the French. Birth name: Benedetto Caetani Nationality: Papal States Born: January 23, 1235 Died: October 19, 1303 Pontificate: January 7, 1295 – October 11, 1303