Pope Paul IV was a staunch defender of papal authority and the Catholic faith, but his papacy was marked by strict censorship, the establishment of the Roman Inquisition, and hostility toward Jews and Protestants. Birth name: Gian Pietro Carafa Nationality: Vatican City Born: July 7, 1476 Died: August 28, 1559 Pontificate: May 23, 1555 – August 18, 1559