The OV1 (Orbiting Vehicle 1) were small research satellite to be launched piggy back on Atlas ICBM test flights. They consisted in general of the OV1 satellite and the OV1-PM propulsion module (or upper stage) to reach orbit. January 21, 1965 at 21:34 UTC · Launch Failure SM-65D Atlas — United States Air Force, to Low Earth Orbit 576B3, Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA The world's 397th orbital launch attempt, and 4th of 1965. Data: Launch Library 2, The Space Devs. Image by United States Air Force (Department of Defense Image Use Policy) via The Space Devs.