The OV1 (Orbiting Vehicle 1) were small research satellite to be launched piggy back on Atlas ICBM test flights. They consisted in general of the OV1 satellite and the OV1-PM propulsion module (or upper stage) to reach orbit. October 5, 1965 at 09:07 UTC · Launch Successful SM-65D Atlas — United States Air Force, to Low Earth Orbit 576B3, Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA The world's 481st orbital launch attempt, and 88th of 1965. Data: Launch Library 2, The Space Devs. Image by United States Air Force (Department of Defense Image Use Policy) via The Space Devs.